• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.478-484
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• 2009

Automatic speech recognition(ASR) is attractive technique in trend these day that seek convenient life. Although many approaches have been proposed for ASR but the performance is still not good in noisy environment. Now-a-days in the state of art in speech recognition, ASR uses not only the audio information but also the visual information. In this paper, We present a novel lip detection method for visual speech recognition in mobile environment. In order to apply visual information to speech recognition, we need to extract exact lip regions. Because eye-detection is more easy than lip-detection, we firstly detect positions of left and right eyes, then locate lip region roughly. After that we apply K-means clustering technique to devide that region into groups, than two lip corners and lip center are detected by choosing biggest one among clustered groups. Finally, we have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method through the experiments based on samsung AVSR database.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1293-1300
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• 2018

The $360^{\circ}$ video has a lot of image information and usefulness; however, the position of the audio source judged by hearing is different from the position on the screen. Therefore, human feels tired, the immersion decrease and user cant watch the video for Moreer time. In this paper, the concordance rate of the video and the audio localization is defined. The rate is expressed in a percentage. It means how much the system makes the sound localization real according to the position of the source on the screen. With this rate, the audio localization performance of immersive audio producing and playing system can be evaluated. It will be helpful for developers to make the higher performance system and expected to contribute to make makinguality system with reality.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.1421-1431
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• 2005

There are two methods in 3-D sound reproduction: a surround system, like 3.1 channel method and a binaural system using 2-channel method. The binaural system utilizes the sound localization principle of a human using two ears. Generally, a crosstalk between each channel of 2-channel loudspeaker system should be canceled to produce a natural 3-D sound. To solve this problem, it is necessary to trace a head movement. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to correctly trace the head movement of a listener. The Proposed algorithm is based on the detection of face and eye. The face detection uses the intensity of an image and the position of eyes is detected by a mathematical morphology. When the head of the listener moves, length of borderline between face area and eyes may change. We use this information to the tracking of head movement. A computer simulation results show That head movement is effectively estimated within +10 margin of error using the proposed algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.322-325
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• 2003

입체음향을 구현하는 방법은 5.1 채널을 이용하는 방법과 사람이 두 귀를 이용하여 정위감을 느끼는 원리와 같은 2 채널 입체음향을 구현 방법이 있다. 2 채널 입체음향을 재생하는 것은 5.1 채널에 비하여 설치하는 측면에서 효율적이지만 cross-talk 를 제거하는 것이 어려운 문제이다. Cross-talk를 제거하기 위해서는 머리의 위치를 정확하게 추정하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 2 채널로 3 차원 입체음향을 재생하기 위하여 머리의 위치를 추정하기 위한 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 전처리를 통하여 머리의 범위를 검출하고 수학적 형태학을 이용하여 눈의 위치를 검출하여 머리가 향하고 있는 방향을 검출한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 알고리즘이 효율적으로 머리의 위치를 검출할 수 있음을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 보여준다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.139-146
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• 2000

Once refractive error of the eye was fully corrected, Maddox rod was used to investigate binocular vision function. When the deviations of subjects' eyes were measured, orthophoria. without any horizontal deviations, was found in 10%, esophoria in 55% and exophoria in 34% of the patients. Esodeviation of the eye was found to be greater than exo-deviation by 11%. This is also refracted in deviations found to be greater than $4{\Delta}$ diopter magnitude where esophoria was 23% and exophoria was 9%. Thus for the patients to achieve comfortable binocular vision function, binocular vision anomalies need to be considered in spectacle prescription. In examining ocular anomalies of corrected refractive error, the deviation of the eye differed from under corrected refractive power to over corrected refractive power. There was a decrease in exophoria and an increase in esophoria, with over correction. This was thought to be due to accommodation. Furthermore, calculated AC/A ratio was found to vary from 1.25 to 6.61 and its relationship to refractive error could not be determined.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.1195-1200
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• 2018

Purpose: To report a case of anterior segment ischemia after superior and inferior rectus muscle surgery in a patient with superior rectus muscle enlargement. This is the first report in the Republic of Korea of anterior segment ischemia after two rectus muscles surgery. Case summary: An 80-year-old male was referred to our clinic with a 3 years history of diplopia. The patient had 30 prism diopters right eye hypertropia in the primary position and downgaze limitation. The orbital computed tomography scan revealed enlargement of the right superior rectus muscle. He underwent right superior rectus recession and inferior rectus resection. On postoperative day 2, slit lamp examination revealed diffuse corneal edema, Descemet's membrane folding, an aqueous flare and a dilated pupil. Treatment with 45 mg oral steroid was initiated, and 1% prednisolone acetate and 0.5% Levofloxacin eye drops were administered. At postoperative 1 month, the patient was orthophoric in the primary position, and there was no corneal edema, pupil abnormality or aqueous flare. Conclusions: Base on the present case, the possibility of anterior segment ischemia should be considered after even two muscles surgery, and older patients with vertical muscle surgery should be considered more carefully.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2005

Accommodation and convergence is combination movement which is closely connected with each other. When one of them is stimulated, both of functions occur at the same time. Specially, the convergence by the accommodation's stimulation is called as accommodative convergence. That has excess or deficiency according to refraction state of eye. This study was performed by using both of Gradient method and Heterophoria method to 41 adults who have no any ophthalmic disease. 1. As the result of investigation about the distribution of heterophoria at distance, there were orthophoria of 5 subjects, exophoria of 32 and esophoria of 4. Exoporia occupied at the hightest rate. The distribution of heterophoria at near cover a wider range more than at distance. 2. When we measured the horizontal heterophoria amount in the state of relaxation of accommodation power of lens, exophoria amount increased in case of 38 subjects. 3. The person who has $4{\sim}6{\Delta}/D$ which conform to normal AC/A ratio occupied 27 subjects(66%) in Heterophoria method and 16(39%) in Gradient method, respectively.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.535-540
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• 2012

This study is to research the differences of tear film for young people in of a day in a restricted indoor space. The subjects are 58 eyes volunteers for twice preliminary inspection and tear test of a day. 58 healthy individuals with no eye disease, no body disease, orthophoria, corrective visual acuity more than 0.8, binocular spherical equivalence difference over 0.50 diopter, the flattest corneal curvature in horizontal meridian and the steepest corneal curvature in vertical meridian were tested. The uncorrective visual acuity, refractive error, corneal curvature, schirmer test and tear break up test were performed in the morning and afternoon. Schirmer test were $16.0{\pm}7.0mm$ in the morning and $14.1{\pm}7.1mm$ in the afternoon. TBUT were $11.3{\pm}0.6$ sec in the morning and $12.1{\pm}0.9$ sec in the afternoon. They have no significant differences.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.95-99
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• 2007

This study performed apreliminary test with male high school students in Gwangju metropolitan city in order to determine visual function information of high school students. For the items in this preliminary test, there were inquiry, test for long distance unaided visual acuity, pinhole visual acuity test, colour vision test, cover test and stereo test. Most complaint related to eye was about blurred vision (28.4%) and over 90% of subjects had one or more, and among them, over 50% appealed two or more complaints. 76.1% of all subjects showed less than 0.7 in unaided distance visual acuity. In pinhole visual acuity test, 98% had an improved unaided pinhole visual acuity and most of them experienced an improvement and 2% had no change or dropped. The students with normal stereoscopic vision test were 85.6% and the students under normal range were 14.4%. In colour vision test, 7.9% of them were protanomaly and deuteranomaly and none of them had trichromasy and total color blindness. In cover test, it showed 30.2% of orthophoria, 8.2% of esophoria and 61.5% of exophoria, and none of them had strabismus.