• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.126-128
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• 2018

왜(倭)는 15-20회의 견당사를 파견하였는데, 838년 견당사의 항해와 관련해서는 이에 동승한 엔닌(円仁)이 "입당구법순례행기"를 남김으로써 그 항해의 전말이 상세하게 남아 있다. 이 기록에서 특히 관심을 끄는 것은 엔닌이 승선한 견당사선이 중국의 양주 해릉현 연안에 표착하였을 당시 기사에 언급된 정체를 알 수 없는 '누아'에 관한 기사다. 여기에서 누(?)는 ?(괭이 누), ?(김맬 누)와 같으며, '낫'이나 '호미'를 뜻하지만, 아는 중국이나 일본에서 전혀 사용되지 않는 한자어여서 글자 그대로 무엇을 의미하는 지가 불분명하다. 따라서 누아가 무엇을 의미하는지에 대해 선저 결구, 횡강력재, 피수판 등 여러 견해가 제기된 바 있다. 이 논문은 "입당구법순례행기"에 기록된 선박부재 '누아'가 무엇인지 살펴본 것이다. 먼저 "입당구법순례행기"의 여러 편역본에 '누아'가 어떻게 번역 내지 해석되고 있는지 살펴보고, 왜의 견당사선의 선형이 어땠을 지를 검토한 뒤, 이 선형의 견당사선이었을 경우 '누아'는 선박의 어떤 부재였을지를 추정해 보고자 한다. 특히 누아를 '피수판'으로 보는 최근식의 견해와 '??(진복)'의 오기로 보아 '횡강력재'로 보는 허일의 견해를 비판적으로 재검토할 것이다. 결론적으로 누아는 녹복(??)(기댈 녹, 들보 복, 즉 지지용 들보)의 오기로 판단했다. 또한 일본학자들이 견당사선을 '중국형 정크선'으로 추정하는 것과는 달리, 중국형 선박에는 선저와 상부에 횡강력재가 각각 독립해 있는 부재가 없는 것으로 보아 견당사선은 화선형 선박이거나, 한선형 선박일 것으로 추정하였다. 결론적으로 엔닌이 언급한 누아는 화선형 선박일 경우 船梁(후나바리), 한선형 선박일 경우 가룡목과 가목으로 볼 수 있다.

• 베이커리
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• no.8 s.349
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• pp.126-129
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• 1997

• 베이커리
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• no.4 s.417
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• pp.110-111
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.11-15
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• 2003

Ennin is a Japanese buddhist monk who traveled Tang from Jun. 13, 838 A D. to Dec. 14, 847 A D. in lunar's calender and wrote lengthy diary through the travel. This diary contained not only his wandering and triumphs but also politics, economy, social culture, religion, diplomatic policies, militaries, geography, transportations and administrations. Furthermore, the beginning of his diary dated Jun. 13, to July 3, 838 A. D. is recorded in the manner of ship's logbook entries. Many terms of navigation and naval architecture appears on it. It is very important to understand them for study ancient ship and its navigation skill. This Per aims to invest the meaning of “no-a” obviously refers to some part of hull of the ship upon first step to annotate the terms which are appeared in the diary.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.593-597
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• 2003

Ennin was a Japanese buddhist monk who stayed in Tang from Jun. 13, 838 A.D. to Dec. 14, 847 A.D. in lunar's calender and wrote lengthy diary through the travel. This diary contained lots of information on the politics, economy, social culture, religion, diplomatic policies, militaries, geography, transportations and administrations of Tang China. Especially the beginning of his diary dated from Jun. 13, to July 3, 838 A. D. was recorded in the manner of ship's logbook entries. Many terms of navigation and naval architecture appeared on it. It is very important to understand them for studying ancient ship and its navigation skill. This paper aims to investigate the meaning of ‘Nu-A’ obviously referring to some part of hull of the ship as the first step to annotate the terms of navigation and naval architecture which were appeared in the diary.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1593-1601
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• 2015

Two marine algal halymeniacean species were collected from eastern coast of Korea during the survey of indigenous species of algae. One is distinct from other similar species by foliose thalli with irregular shape and several branches and linear proliferations without division. The other is characterized by indistinct midrib, foliose unbranched thalli and refractive ganglioid cells in medulla. These two species are identified as Grateloupia latissima and Cryptonemia yendoi based on the morphological features, respectively. Morphological and taxonomic notes on these species are included in the present study. This is the first record of G. latissima and C. yendoi from Korea.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.39-51
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• 2019

This study was tested on Ratafia Champagne Trouillard 1947 of old fortified wine and analyzed differences from existing wines. Old fortified wine in Champagne, France and blanding is Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier. Alcohol level is 18% and test date is Feb. 15-21, 2019(six days of decanting period/15 p.m. on the last tasting day). Tester is composed of one FICB grand commander one KOV Finland commander. The wine opening was tested for two blades after wire removal and the decanting time was applied to the calculation formula of 2019(this year)-1947(vintage year)/12=6 days set in this study. Aroma smelled like cherries, fruits, soy sauce and licorice and bouquet was identified in five stages. The first stage was presented with the smell of pot, the second stage was light coffee, the third stage smell of fruit and flowers, the fourth stage smell of wild honey and the fifth stage smell of refined brandy. Then, the test was analyzed in seven stages. This study has the following implications: First, the new concept of old wine was applied to fortified wine. Specific computational formulas for the decanting period were derived. The decanting presented five steps of aromas and bouquet. Wine testing has been expanded from the previous five to seven levels. A new taste of Champagne old fortified wine was analyzed.