• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.571-578
• /
• 2010

Purpose : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam adjunctive therapy for reducing the rate of seizure frequency in children with intractable pediatric epilepsy. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 86 patients with intractable pediatric epilepsy who visited our hospital between March 1989 and February 2009. Levetiracetam was included in the previous anticonvulsant regimen for at least 6 months and the reduction in the rate of seizure frequency was determined in follow-up examinations. We analyzed demographic data, seizure types, antiepileptic drug history, levetiracetam dose, adverse effects of levetiracetam therapy, treatment outcome, electroencephalogram findings, etc. Results : More than 50% reduction in the seizure frequency was observed in 62 of the 86 (72.1%) patients; 44 patients (51.1%) became seizure free, while the seizure frequency increased in 5.8% patients. The associations between seizure reduction rate and age, associated diseases, seizure types, and seizure frequency before treatment were not significant. However, the duration of disease, dose of levetiracetam, duration and frequency of anticonvulsant administration before levetiracetam therapy were significantly correlated. Electroencephalogram findings and the cause of epilepsy showed partial correlation. Forty (46%) patients showed adverse symptoms; the symptoms in the order of their frequency were somnolence, hyperactivity, irritability, aggressiveness, tiredness, etc. Conclusion : The findings of our study provide the evidence that levetiracetam adjunctive therapy is efficacious and well tolerated in various refractory childhood epilepsy cases.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2002

The purpose of the study was to measure and compare driver's psychophysiological responses in different driving conditions through driving simulator. Twelve male adults(more than 1 year of driving experience) were assigned to four different driving conditions, such as normal speed(70㎞/h), sudden start(0㎞/h→70㎞/h), and sudden stop(70㎞/h→0㎞/h), and their simulator sickness, subjective pleasantness and arousal, EEG, ECG, skin temperature, and GSR were measured. Subjective and physiological evaluations were executed before and after driving in each condition. The results showed that subjective pleasantness and arousal increased in sudden stop and sudden start conditions, relative to stop and normal speed conditions. As the central nervous responses, beta wave increased and alpha wave decreased in sudden stop and sudden start conditions, relative to stop and normal speed conditions. With regard to the autonomic responses, heart rate and GSR increased, while skin temperature decreased in sudden stop and sudden start conditions, which means an activation of sympathetic nervous system. The results suggested that based upon observation of the distinctive psychophysiological changes by driving conditions, it is possible to evaluate the human sensibility in dynamic environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.359-364
• /
• 2011

The study uses department of the sensitivity and fuzzy reasoning, one of artificial intelligence algorithms, so that develop LED lighting system based on fuzzy reasoning for systematical control of the LED color temperature. In the area of sensitivity engineering, by considering the relation between color and emotion expressed as an adjective word, the corresponding sensitivity word can be determined, By taking into consideration the relation between the brain wave measured from the human brain and the color temperature, the preferred lesson subject can be determined. From the decision of the sensitivity word and the lesson subject, we adjust the color temperature of RGB (Red, Green, Blue) LED. In addition, by using the information of the latitude and the longitude from GPS(Global Positioning System), we can calculate the on-line moving altitude of sun. By using the sensor information of both temperature and humidity, we can calculate the discomfort index. By considering the altitude of sun as well as the value of the discomfort index, the illumination of W(white) LED and the color temperature of RGB LED can be determined. The (LED) sensitivity lighting control system is bulit up by considering the sensitivity word, the lesson subject, the altitude of sun, and the discomfort index The developed sensitivity lighting control system leads to more suitable atmosphere and also the enhancement of the efficiency of lesson subjects as well as business affairs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.507-512
• /
• 2019

To study how illuminance affects cognitive ability of the elderly, the elderly's EEG, concentration, HRV and vibra image were measured in a test room with temperature $25[^{\circ}C]$, relative humidity 50[RH%] and air flow speed 0.02[m/sec] by varying illuminance to 100[lux], 300[lux], 600[lux], 1000[lux] and 1500[lux]. Ten active elderly males were selected as subjects. Experiment condition was fixed as 1met of activity amount where the subject is seated and relaxed with cloth amount of 0.7clo. As a result, 1000[lux] was found out to be the most pleasant illuminance for the elderly, because $M{\beta}$ increased by 66.35%, and $S{\alpha}$ increased by 31.57% when the elderly was under 1000[lux] of illuminance. Also, concentration under 1000[lux] increased by 8.83% compared to 100[lux], and the pattern of concentration maintained uniformly. SDNN increased by 74.94% under 1000[lux] compared to 100[lux]. Nervousness decreased by 97.23% under 1000[lux] compared to 100[lux]. Moreover, HRT notably increased and aggression remarkably decreased under illuminance of 1000[lux]. Thus, based on the fact that comfort, concentration and heart stability of the elderly reach the highest under 1000[lux], it is determined that the illuminance has to be considered foremost in designing the elderly's welfare facilities to raise their safety and level of independence.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.12-22
• /
• 2001

Purpose: The ictal perfusion patterns of cerebellum and basal ganglia have not been systematically investigated in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Their ictal perfusion patterns were analyzed in relation with temporal lobe and frontal lobe hyperperfusion during TLE seizures using SPECT subtraction. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three TLE patients had interictal and ictal SPECT, video-EEG monitoring, SPGR MRI, and SPECT subtraction with MRI co-registration. Results: The vermian cerebellar hyperperfusion (CH) was observed in 26 patients (78.8%) and hemispheric CH in 25 (75.8%). Compared to the side of epileptogenic temporal lobe, there were seven ipsilateral hemispheric CH (28.0%), fifteen contralateral hemispheric CH (60.0%) and three bilateral hemispheric CH (12.0%). CH was more frequently observed in patients with additional frontal hyperperfusion (14/15, 93.3%) than in patients without frontal hyperperfusion (11/18, 61.1%). The basal ganglia hyperperfusion (BGH) was seen in 11 of the 15 patients with frontotemporal hyperperfusion (73.3%) and 11 of the 18 with temporal hyperperfusion only (61.1%). In 17 patients with unilateral BGH, contralateral CH to the BGH was observed in 14 (82.5%) and ipsilateral CH to BGH in 2 (11.8%) and bilateral CH in 1 (5.9%). Conclusion: The cerebellar hyperperfusion and basal ganglia hyperperfusion during seizures of TLE can be contralateral, ipsilateral or bilateral to the seizure focus. The presence of additional frontal or basal ganglia hyperperfusion was more frequently associated with contralateral hemispheric CH to their sides. However, temporal lobe hyperperfusion appears to be related with both ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheric CH.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2013

In this study, the early suicide prevention program was applied to the elementary school students and compared the prior & post effect of the program, and verified the status of psychology change like emotional status, or temptation to take a suicide, and presented the possibility as a suicide prevention program. The period of adolescence is the very unstable period in the process of growth being cognitively immature, emotionally impulsive period. It is the period emotionally unstable and unpredictable possible to select the method of suicide as an extreme method to escape the reality, or impulsive problem solving against small conflict or dispute situation. Many stress of the student such as recent nuclear family, expectation of parents to their children, education problem, socio-environmental elements, individual psychological factor lead students to the extreme activity of suicide in recent days. In this study, the scope of stress experienced in the elementary school as well as idea and degree of temptation regarding suicide by the suicide prevention program were identified, and through prevention program such as meditation training, breath training and through experience of anger control, emotion-expression, self overcome and establish positive self-identity and make understanding Self-control, Self-esteem & preciousness of life based on which the effect to suicide prevention was analyzed. The study was made targeting 51 students of 2 classes of 6th grade of elementary school of Goyang-si and processed 30 minutes every morning focused on through experience & activity of the principle & method of brain science. The data was collected for 20 times before starting morning class by using Suicide Probability Scale(herein SPS-A) designed to predict effectively suicide Probability, suicide risk prediction scale, surveyed by 7 areas such as Positive outlook, Within the family closeness, Impulsivity, Interpersonal hostility, Hopelessness, Hopelessness syndrome, suicide accident. Analytical methods and validation was used the Wilcoxon's signed rank test using SPSS Program. Though the process of program in short period, but there was a effective and positive results in the 7 areas in the average comparison. But in the t-test result, there was a different outcome. It indicated changes in the 3 questionnaires (No.7, No.14, No.19) out of 31 SPS-A questionnaires, and there was a no change to the rest item. It also indicated more changes of the students in the class A than class B. And in case of the class A students, psychological changes were verified in the areas of Hopelessness syndrome, suicide accident among 7 areas after the program was processed. Through this study, it could be verified that different results could be derived depending on the Student tendency, program professional(teacher in charge, processing lecturer). The suicide prevention program presented in this article can be a help in learning and suicide prevention with consistent systematization, activation through emotion and impulse control based on emotional stress relief and positive self-identity recovery, stabilization of brain waves, and let the short period program not to be died out but to be continued connecting from childhood to adolescence capable to make surrounding environment for spiritual, physical healthy growth for which this could be an effective program for suicide prevention of the social problem.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.441-446
• /
• 2001

Flumazenil is a competitive antagonist of benzodiazepines. It is usually administered intravenously. However, if the intravenous route is not available then other routes of drug administration should be considered. This study was designed to evaluate the reversal effects of flumazenil after nasal administration. Twenty-five young, healthy adult volunteers participated in this clinical trial. The dosage of 0.08mg/kg midazolam was administered intravenously to induce deep sedation. Ten minutes after midazolam administration, 0.5mg of flumazenil was dropped nasally, over a period of one minute. Blood samples were taken to measure the concentration of midazolam and flumazenil at 0, 5, 10, and 20min after nasal administration of flumazenil, using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The degree of sedation was evaluated with sedation score and bispectral index (BIS), Statistical analysis was performed by multivariate ANOVA and correlation analysis (P<0.05). Peak serum flumazenil concentration was reached in 10min. Sedation score decreased after midazolam administration and showed a significant increase after flumazenil administration. However, BIS decreased during the first 10min after midazolam administration and then no significant changes after flumazenil administration. There were two instances representing rapid and complete reversal of midazolam after intranasal administration of flumazenil. In conclusion, intranasal flumazenil administration may be effective in some patients when intravenous route is not available in condition of benzodiazepine overdose.