• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.698-703
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• 2001

Background: Endovascular stent-graft insertion in aortic diseases is now generally accepted as an attractive alternative treatment modality. We reviewed our clinical experiences of endovascular stent-graft insertion in thoracic aorta. Material and Method: Since 1995, we performed 8 cases of endovasclar stent-graft insertion. Preoperative diagnoses were aortic aneurysms in 4, traumatic aortic ruptures in 3, and ruptured aortic pseudoaneurysm in 1. All procedures were performed in angiography room with the guidance of fluoroscopy. The stent-graft device is a custom-made 0.35mm thickness Z-shaped stainless steel wires, intertwined with each other using polypropylene suture ligation. It is covered with expanded Dacron vascular graft. Result: All procedures were performed successfully. Follow-up studies revealed 2 minimal perigraft leakages. There was no significant leakage or graft migration. 2 patients expired due to multiple organ failure and fungal sepsis. Other survivors(6) are doing well. Conclusion: Endovascular stent-graft insertion is relatively saft and effective treatment modality in the managment of various types of aortic diseases. In may be an effective alternative in aortic diseases of great surgical risk.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.284-288
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• 2001

Respiratory viruses are one of the most infectious agent in human. Six different respiratory tract viruses were detected from Busan while working on the preventive surveillance in 1997-2000. The isolation rate from suspected specimens were 8.4%. Influenza virus A, B type, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, mumps virus, and measles virus were examined from throat swabs, serum, and secretions of patients. Influenza A/Sydney/05/97(H3N2)-like, A/Johanesburg/33/94(H3N2)-like, A/Beijing/262/95(H1N1)-like and Influenza B/Beijing/262/95-like, B/Harbin/07/94-like, B/Guangdong/08/93-like were found. Adenovirus serotype 1, 2, 3 and 5 were detected, antibody of mumps both IgM and IgG were shown and outbreaks of measles were confirmed. Different antigenic types of influenza virus were detected every year, one outbreak of parainfluenza in 1999, mumps outbreak in 1999 and 2000, and incidence of measles in 2000 were noticeable. Monthly outbreaks were November through following March with influenza virus, January through June with adenovirus, February through May and December with mumps, April through August and November, December with measles, respectively. The size of isolated viruses were 130 nm with influenza virus B type, non-enveloped, icosahedron with 70 nm with adenovirus, 170 nm with mumps virus and 180 nm with parainfluenza virus in diameter, respectively.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1997

Purpose : To evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment of surgery and chemoradiotherapy for supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (SPNET) and obtain the Prognostic factors and complications Materials and Methods .The a9e of 18 patients ranged from 1 to 27 years (median=5 years). There were 12 males and 6 females The extents of surgery were gross total (n:9), subtotal (n:8), biopsy only (n: 1). Craniospinal radiotherapy was delivered to all the patients except 2 patients who were treated only with the whole brain and primary lesion. Radiation dose were 3120-5800cGy (median=5460) to primary mass, 1500-4200cGy (median=3600cGy) to the whole brain and 1320-3600cGy (median= 2400 cGy) to the spinal axis. Chemotherapy was done in 13 patients. Median follow-up period was 45 months ranged from 1 to 89 months. Results : Patterns of failure were as follows; local recurrence (1), multiple intracranial recurrence (2), spinal seeding (3), craniospinal seeding (2) and multiple bone metastasis (1). Two of two patients who did not received craniospinal radiotherapy failed at spinal area. All the relapsed cases died at 1 to 13 months after diagnosis of progression. The 2- and 5-rear overall survival rates were $61\%\;and\;49\%$, respectively The a9e, sex, tumor location did not influence the survival but aggressive resection with combined chemotherapy showed better outcome. Among 9 survivors, complications were detected as radiation necrosis (n=1), hypopituitarism (n=2), cognitive defect(n=1), memory deficit (n=1), growth retardation (n=1). Conclusion : To improve the results of treatment of SPNET, maximal surgical resection followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy is necessary. The extended radiation field including craniospinal axis may reduce the recurrence in spinal axis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.428-437
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• 2000

Background : Five year survival rate of postoperative stage I non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) reaches to 66%. In the remaining one third of patients, however, cancer recurs and the overall survival of NSCLC remains dismal. To evaluate clinical and pathologic characteristics of recurred NSCLC, the patterns and factors for postoperative recurrence in patients with staged I and II NSCLC were studied. Method : A retrospective analysis was performed in 234 patients who underwent radical resection for pathologic stage I and II NSCLC. All patients who were followed up for at least one year were included in this study. Results : 1) There were 177 men and 57 women The median age was 63. The median duration of the follow up period was 732 days (range 365~1,695 days). The overall recurrence rate was 26.5%, and the recurrence occurred $358.8{\pm}239.8$ days after operation. 2) The ages of recurred NSCLC patients were higher ($63.2{\pm}8.8$ years) than those of non-recurred patients ($60.3{\pm}9.8$ years)(p=0.043). The recurrence rate was higher in stage II (46.9%) than in stage I (18.8%) NSCLC p<0.001. The size of primary lung mass was larger in recurred ($5.45{\pm}3.22\;cm$) than that of non-recurred NSCLC ($3.74{\pm}1.75\;cm$, p<0.001). Interestingly, there were no recurrent cases when the resected primary tumor was less than 2cm. 3) Distant recurrence was more frequent than locoregional recurrence (66.1% vs. 33.9%). Distant recurrence rate was higher in females and in cases of adenocarcinoma. Brain metastasis was more frequent in patients with adenocarcinoma than in those with squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.024). Conclusion: The tumor size and stage were two important factors for determining the possibility of a recurrence. Because distant brain metastasis was more frequent in patients with adenocarinoma, a prospective study should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative brain imaging.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1991

One hundred and thirty five patients with carcinoma of the nasopharyx were treated by radiation therapy in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University between August 1977 and July 1987. Of the 30 patients omitted: 8 had distant metastases at initial diagnosis or during radiotherapy; 18 Patients refused or did not receive a full course of radiation therapy, and four had not been confirmed histologically. The remaining 105 patients were analysed to determine the incidence and pattern of distant metastases. Diagnosis of distant metastases was made based on clinical signs and radiography, even though histologic confirmation was not made. Twenty-six patients developed distant metastases after definite irradiation of nasopharyx and neck, an incidence rate of $24.8\%$ . The common sites of distant metastases were, in descending order, bone, lung, liver, and brain. There was a strong correlation between Ho's N stage and distant metastases rate. But sex, age, histologic subtype (squamous cell and undifferentiated cell), AJC T and N stage, treatment modalities (radiotherapy alone and radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy) were not significant. Of those patients who developed distant metastases, $80.8\%$ were discovered within 2 years of their radical radiotherapy. The prognosis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients developing distant metastases was poor: median survival was nine months and $80\%$ of those patients died within two years of the initial diagnosis of distant metastasis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.543-548
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• 1999

Background: These days, lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is used as an alternative or a bridge operation to lung transplantation in treating patients with severe emphysema. The procedure can be used in patients with pulmonary nodules combined with severe emphysema. We report the results of 21 months follow up after lung volume reduction surgery in 7 cases including 2 cases of concurrent resection of pulmonary nodules. Material and Method: Seven patients with emphysema, including 2 cases of preoperatively suspected lung cancer were operated with LVRS technique between July 1996 and June 1997. Result: Postoperative mortality was observed in a case of squamous cell carcinoma in LUL with brain metastasis, detected at postoperative 13months. Average of 21months(19-25months) follow up was done for other cases without specific events. Conclusion: LVRS is a useful operation in the treatment of patients with severe emphysema, but further evaluation should be done about the long term results and precise criteria for patient selection. Simultaneous LVRS and tumor resection could be done in patients with emphysema with marginal reserve in the hope of maximizing postoperative lung functions.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.485-491
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to probe the influences of krill (Euphausia superba) meal supplementation on a dose effect relationship between fluoride levels of krill meal and serum hepatic functional enzyme activity such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rats fed experimental diets for 5 weeks. There were no significant differences in the activities of ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH in sera among krill meal diet groups (KM10, KM20, KM30). However, these groups were significantly (p<0.05) lower enzyme activities than control group (CG). The fluoride levels of sera and organ tissues (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney) in krill meal diet groups (KM10, KM20, KM30) were significantly increased by adding krill meal in comparison with CG. The results indicate that a difficult to found toxicity to the liver from krill meal diet groups.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2007

Transgenic mice were generated by microinjecting a plasmid DNA containing the SV40 (simian virus 40) large T antigen (Tag) gene fused with mouse albumin promoter/enhancer sequences into fertilized one-cell mouse embryos. Among eleven founder transgenic animals, four developed hepatocellular carcinoma, two showed kidney cancer and one developed skin and brain tumors. Three stable transgenic lines, #1-2, #1-6 and #1-11 were established. Members of the lines #1-6 and #1-11 reproducibly developed liver tumors by 8 to 10 weeks of age but did not exhibit any phenotypic changes in other tissues. Histological changes loading to liver tumor formation occurred with predictable kinetics and could be classified into three distinct stages; (a) newborn to 3 weeks of age, characterized by hyperplastic hepatocytes with reduced amounts of cytoplasm without any nuclear alterations, (b) between 4 to 8 weeks of age, characterized by diffuse liver cell dysplasia without observable tumor nodules, and (c) 9 weeks of age and thereafter, characterized by hepatocellular carcinomas in the background of extensive liver dysplasia. Metastasis to the lung from a liver carcinoma was observed in #1-11 founder animal. This transgenic mouse system displays similarities with human liver cancers in a number of aspects and provides a useful model for the study of molecular events involved in hepatocarcinogenesis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.109-114
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• 2006

최근 Human 지놈 프로젝트를 포함한 다양한 종의 지놈 프로젝트가 수행되고 수많은 지놈정보가 생산되고 있으며 이를 해석하고 서로 연관성를 찾기 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 즉 최신 생명공학과 관련된 연구방향이 DNA의 구조적 해석에서 기능 해석과 유전자들의 상호연관성을 규명하는 방향으로 변화하고 있으며 이를 위한 강력한 도구로서 DNA microarray (DNA chip)는 방대한 양의 지놈 정보를 이용하여 단시간에 대량으로 고속처리하여 효율적으로 유전자 기능을 분석할 수 있는 주목받고 있는 방법이다. DNA microarray 실험과 분석에 있어 데이터분석, 재현성, 종간의 비교, 확인실험 및 비용 등의 문제가 있지만 유전자발현양상 데이터로부터 정확한 환자의 예후를 예측할 수 있는 비교적 적은 유전자 그룹의 진단마커를 찾거나, 하나의 유전자가 아니라 mouse 전체 지놈의 유전자발현 패턴을 인간의 암을 위시한 각종 질병 연구를 위한 발현 신호나 변화 등을 발견하여 신약개발 등에 활용하고자 하는 시도가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 서로 다른 종간에 비슷한 phenotype의 유전자발현도 진화적으로 보존되었다는 전제 하에서 지놈 sequence의 비교연구가 가능하고 DNA microarray 발현 데이터에 근거하여 독립적으로 각 종간의 유전자발현패턴을 비교함으로써 난치병 등을 새롭게 분류할 수 있다. 즉, 암세포 등에서 유전자발현 양상은 유전학적, 환경적 alteration들이 잘 반영되어 있다고 간주하고, 이러한 양상을 바탕으로 인간의 암을 위시한 다양한 질병 연구를 위한 최적의 mouse 모델을 찾을 수 있고, 이는 결국 새로운 치료 방법 개발이나 맞춤의학 실현에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다. 특히 pathway 타겟으로 하는 치료를 위해서는 Human-mouse 비교를 통한 발현 신호를 찾는 것이 진단에서는 매우 유용한 방법이다. 이를 위한 고성능의 분석방법이나 시스템의 개발이 중요하게 된다.. 관류의 정도와 조영증강정도를 중심으로 관류 MR 영상소견과 조직학적 소견을 관련지어 분석하였다. 결과: 조영증강 T1강조MR영상에서 환상조영증강을 보이는 다형성 교보세포종 2예에서는 변연부 외륜이 고관류를, 중심부의 괴사부위는 저관류로 나타났다. 저등급 교종은 경계가 불분명한 저관류부위로 보였다. 뇌농양 2예는 변연부 외륜이 경도의 고관류를, 중심부는 저관류로 나타났다. 뇌수막종은 미만성의 균일한 중등도 혹은 고도의 고관류로 보였으며, 임파종과 배아종은 경계가 명확한 저관류부위로 나타났다. 신경세포종은 종괴\ulcorner 일부에 중등도 혹은 고도의 고관류부위가 관찰되었고, 전이암은 다수병변중 일부에서 중등도의 고관류를 보였다. 방사선괴사는 저관류부위내에 국소적 고관류부위를 보였다. 결론: 관류 MR영상은 뇌종양의 관류상태를 비교적 잘 반영하며, 조직학적 특성을 예측하는데에 도움을 주 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 뇌종야에서의 관류MR영상의 분명한 역할을 규명하기 위해서는 앞으로 더 많은 임상적 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.조증 환자의 자극성 전타액내 lactobacilli양은 peroxidase system을 함유한 세치제를 사용한 군에서 대조군에 비해 상대적으로 낮게 나타났으나(p = 0.067) 통계학적 유의성은 없었다.같은 예에서 찾아 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 발음상으로 동사의 변화형에서 "porte[$p{\jmath}rte$](들다: 현재형), porte[$p{\jmath}rte$](과거분사형), porta[$p{\jmath}rte$](단순과거형)"등이 대립되며, 이휘 "Porto[$p{\jmath}rte$](포르토)"와도 대립된다. 둘째, 어휘적 대립 "le haut[$l{\partial}o$](위)/l'eau[lo](물)"와 형태론적 대립 "le[$l{\partial}$](정관사, 남성단수)/l

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 1991

From December 1984 to February 1990, 16 patients with tumors of pineal and suprasellar location were treated with radiation therapy. Tissue diagnoses were obtained before radiation therapy in 5 patients and 11 were irradiated without histologic confirmation. Initial treatments for these patients were craniospinal plus boost primary irradiation(six), whole brain plus boost primary irradiation(nine), primary tumor site irradiation(one). The 5 year actuarial survival rate is $71\%$. Three cases with elevated beta-human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) responded favorably to radiation, but pineal tumors with elevated alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) did not respond well. Spinal metastasis developed in 2 cases(2/15) with elevated AFP : one received prophylactic spinal irradiation, another did not. Our studies suggest that more aggressive treatment would be necessary in patient with elevated AFP and in this patient, radiation therapy may be initiated without pathologic confirmation. From the result of our study, routine use of prophylactic spinal irrdiation for all patients with pineal region tumor is not indicated and use of prophylactic spinal irradiation is considered for the patients with positive craniospinal fluid cytology, meningeal seeding, disease extension along the ventricular wall and biopsy proven germinoma.