• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2011

Numerical analysis is done to investigate the effect of surface treatment of a toilet on the cleanness. The surface treatment using plasma for the super-hydrophobic surface expects the self-cleaning effect of the toilet seat cover for preventing the droplets with a great quantity of bacteria during the toilet flushing after evacuation. In this study, the fluid analysis in the toilet during the flushing was performed by an ultrahigh-speed CCD camera with 1,000 frame/sec and the numerical modeling. And the spattering phenomenon from the toilet surface during urine was analyzed quantitatively by CFD-ACE+ with a free surface model and a mixed model of two fluids. If the surface tension of the toilet surface is weak, many urine droplets after collision bounded in spite of considering the gravity. The turbulence generated by the change of angle and velocity of urine and the variation of the collision phenomenon from toilet surface were modeled numerically.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2005

This study focused on the development of scales measuring the characteristics related to appearance management behaviors of businessmen for on-line image consulting. The purposes of this study were, 1) to develop a tool which can measure the ideal image, 2) to develop a tool which can measure personality, and 3) to develop a scale measuring the physical characteristics and body cathexis. The data were collected from 380 businessmen in Seoul, Korea and were analyzed by frequency, factor analysis, reliability test, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, one-wav ANOVA and Duncan test. The results from this study were as follows .1)Five factors of the ideal image were identified: stylish, able, active, neat/confident and easy. The total variance was 74.29$\%$ and Cronbach's alpha of the 5 factors ranged from .74-.90. One item was selected to represent each factor. 2) Five factors of personality were identified: preference of social function, sociable, dynamic, achievement-motivated, and success-oriented. The totai variance was 60.63$\%$ and Cronbach's alpha ranged from .56-.83. One item was selected to represent each factor. 3) Five factors of body cathexis were identified: satisfaction with girth, length, physique, nose and eyes. The total variance was 73_46$\%$ and Cronbach's alpha ranged from .68-.85.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2008

Though they have advantages in terms of aesthetic in modern architecture, however, rectangular-shaped towers causes being short of natural light due to deep interior space. There are compromised attempts to take advantages of each building shape selectively. As a result, we now witness the advent of Y-shaped, T-shaped, V-shaped and ㅈ-shaped buildings on the market. The mutative type of apartment houses usually faces southwest or southeast, which has lot of daylighting availability but anyhow, the proportion of the apartment houses which have a full south aspect. The need to verify the potential of daylighting in new building-block shapes exists. At the same time, the expansion of balcony area was legalized and thus, a visual buffer area does not exist any more. All-glass window wall on apartment houses without a balcony produces pretty harmful area with direct sunbeam. Recently, the refurbished version of conventional windows has been developed for the purposed of minimizing energy loss occurred around windows. This research initialized a series of research to deal with almost all on window wall for apartment houses. First of all, huge amount of already-designed examples of apartment houses have been analyzed in terms of floor plan, elevation, orientation and glazing materials.

• 한국레이저가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국레이저가공학회 2006년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.114-117
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• 2006

Diffraction grating is the optical device which has periodic pattern. Decorative logotypes is the one of application of diffraction grating. In this paper diffraction grating for decorative logotype is fabricated by dot pattern in stead of line pattern. A metallic mold for diffraction gratings is fabricated with a mode-locked 12 ps $Nd:YVO_4$ laser. Laser pulses with a wavelength of 355nm are irradiated on the surface of NOK 80, a mold material, to generate dot patterns. In order to minimize the dot diameter, laser power is set just above the ablation threshold of NOK 80. Results show that the spectrum from the fabricated mold is good enough for some industrial application.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2013

This study aims to investigate the energy performance of apartment in respect of complex design, building type and generation house layout and finally to produce the guide line for energy saving design. To grasp the present condition and problem about this subject, apartment building types were examined and representative types were extracted. Considering azimuth angle, private area, and generation number, building type of the subject apartment was classified in detail, energy simulation was conducted, and the effect to energy cost was compared. In the research, using VE energy simulation program, the heating and cooling load were calculated and converted to energy cost. It is expected that this analysed results will be basic data for the more integrated study. Research consequence can be summarized as follow: 1) Energy cost is compared according to several azimuth in plank '一' type apartment. As the results, calculated gas cost is the best in $49^{\circ}$, but total cost is in $-31^{\circ}$. 2) Apartment buildings of tower types are compared, it is resulted that 'Y' type (azimuth $-7^{\circ}$, $-20^{\circ}$) is the best in gas cost, but the total cost is worst because of high cooling load.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2009

문제: 환자가 수술장 내에서 수술을 기다리면서 느끼는 불안감을 최소화할 수 있도록 해야 하지만 수술실의 효율성 및 의료진 편의성 위주로 운영되고 있어 수술실 내 대기시간이 연장되고 있다. 목적: 수술장 내 대기시간을 단축시키기 위해 수술환자의 이동경로에 따른 지연요인과 문제점을 파악하고 개선하여 환자가 수술을 기다리면서 느끼는 불안감을 최소화하고자 한다. 의료기관: 부산시에 소재한 481병상의 종합병원 수술실 질 향상 활동: 수술환자의 대기시간 지연요인과 문제점을 파악하고 개선을 통해 질 향상을 도모하였다. 개선효과: 대기시간 수행율에서 수술장 도착까지의 수행율이 개선전 95%에서 개선후98%로, 수술방 입실까지의 수행율이 개선전 88%에서 개선후 94%로, 마취시작까지의 수행율이 개선전 93%에서 개선후 96%로 수행율이 높아졌다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.97-114
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• 2017

Objective: This study examined the association between mother-child communication and preschool children's peer competence mediated by ego resiliency Methods: The data from 318 preschool age children and their mothers in Seoul and Gyung-Gi province were used for this study. Mothers reported mother-child communication using three subscales from the revised parent-child communication inventory(Barnes & Oslom, 1982). This study used four subscales from the Korea Personality Inventory for Children (KPI-C)in order to calculate children's ego resiliency and used six subscales from the Child Behavior Scales(Ladd & Profile, 1996). The data were analyzed using Multiple Regression in SPSS 19.0. Results: Positive mother-child communication predicted a higher level of children's ego resiliency and peer competence. Ego resiliency fully mediated the association between mother-child communication and prosocial competence, rejection against peers and insecurity. And positive mother-child communication predicted lower levels of children's aggression, dissociality and irritability. Its association was also mediated by ego resiliency. Conclusion/Implications: These findings indicated that a mother's positive communication with their child would enhance children's ego resiliency and peer competence in preschool children. Thus, the efforts to facilitate parents' positive communication skills in parent education can be promising for preschool children's positive development.

• 고문화
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• 62호
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• pp.29-58
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• 2003

노지는 인류가 불을 사용했다는 직접적인 증거물로서, 노시설은 난방, 취사, 그리고 조명 등 다양한 기능을 가지고 있다. 노시설은 주거내부의 가장 중요한 시설물로 신석기시대의 수혈 주거지에 본격적으로 채용된다. 수혈주거지는 그 전통과 구조적인 속성이 큰 변화없이 삼국시대까지 지속되면서도 노시설과 유기적인 관계를 가지면서 세부구조에서 점진적인 변화발전상을 띠게 된다. 노시설의 유형은 공간적인 위치에 따라 내부노, 외부노, 야외노, 이동노로 구분할 수 있으며, 축조재료 및 구조적인 특징에 따라 다양한 형식으로 분류할 수 있다. 이들 노시설중 원삼국시대에 보편적으로 채용되는 부뚜막식은 취사에서 터널식은 난방에서 획기적인 발전단계를 상정할 수 있으며, 주거지의 구조 및 내부공간 이용의 다양한 변화를 초래하게 된다. 노시설과 함께 주거지의 평면, 규모, 수혈깊이, 상면처리, 벽처리 등 다양한 구조적인 요소들은 노시설의 기능을 극대화시키면서 시간이 경과하면서 변화${\cdot}$발전한다. 내부노는 위치와 배치형태, 그리고 주요 노시설의 채용여부에 따라 다섯가지의 배치유형$(I\~V)$를 띠며, 대체로 I형에서 V형으로 변화상이 확인된다. 이를 통하여 당시 주거공간의 이용형태 및 사회적인 측면도 검토할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.122-126
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• 1994

A Aureobasidium pullulans 균체를 이용하여 malt-ose로부터 isomalto-oligosaccharides를 생산하였다. 저농도의 maltose를 기질로 이용할 경우에는 가수분해활성이 transglucosylation활성보다 매우 강하여 isomalto-oligosaccharides 합성수율이 매우 낮았으나 400g/ P 이상의 고농도기질에서는 isomalto-oligosaccharides 합성이 유리하였다. isomaltomalto-oligosaccharides 생산의 반응 최적조건은 pH 4.5, 온도 $65^{\circ}C$, 균체농도는 기질 그램당 10unit이었다. 이때 생산된 isomaltooligosa-ccharides의 수율은 최고 48.35%였다. 반응초기에 maltose로부터 panose가 선택적으로 생산되었고, maltose가 더 이상 기질로 이용되지 못하는 반응시점에서 panose를 기질로 이용하여 isomaltotriose가 생산되었다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to survey the working environmental conditions and musculoskeletal workload(DMQ) in red pepper farmers. 155 full-time farmers(males=91, females=64) lived in Chungnam and Jeonbuk participated in the study. To offer the fundamental data for agricultural improvement of red pepper farms, information about working farm conditions, health condition, musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs), labor intensity and musculoskeletal workload was obtained by questionnaire and interviews. The results are as follows: 1. The farmers reported sunlights, high temperature and cold/ draught as uncomfortable work environment. 2. Physical and mental fatigue in females is higher than that of males. 3. The prevalence rates of medical diagnosed diseases are higher in order of osteoarthritis, herniated nucleus pulposus(HNP), and chronic gastritis/gastric ulcer. 4. Prevalence rates of musculoskeletal symptoms more than standard 1 among the various pain areas are higher in order of low back, shoulders and knees. These results can be used practically for agricultural improvement of red pepper farms to prevent MSDs.