• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2020

목적: 본 연구는 국소적 냉 요법 중 가장 일반적으로 적용하는 냉 젤 팩과 얼음 팩을 적용 한 후와 수동적 재가온 후의 생리적 변화를 확인하여 냉 요법의 적용시간과 간격에 대한 근거를 마련하고자 합니다. 방법: 무작위 비교군 반복측정 실험연구로 건강한 성인 22명을 냉 젤 팩과 얼음 팩 그룹에 무작위 배정하여 30분 동안 냉요법을 적용한 후 40분 동안 수동 재가온을 실시했습니다. 오른쪽 액와에 냉요법이 적용되는 동안 5분 간격으로 총 15회, 조직과 말초의 산소포화도, 말초혈류, 피부온도, 체온을 측정하였습니다. 결과: 냉 젤 팩 군에서 StO₂는 냉 요법 전 69.43%였고, 냉 젤 팩 적용 30분 후 61.06% 였으며 얼음 팩 군에서 StO₂는 냉 요법 전 67.66%였고, 얼음 팩 적용 30분 후 64.80%로 크게 줄었습니다.(p <.001) 냉 젤 팩 군에서 피부온도는 냉 요법 전 33.57℃였고, 냉 젤 팩 적용 30분 후 29.15℃ 였으며 얼음 팩 군에서 피부온도는 냉 요법 전 32.64℃였고, 얼음 팩 적용 30분 후 28.90℃로 크게 줄었습니다.(p <.001) 40분 재가온 후에는 피부 온도만이 완전히 회복되었습다. 냉 젤 팩과 얼음 팩 그룹 간에는 큰 차이가 없었습니다. 결론: 액와에 국소적 냉 요법을 적용할 때는 30분 적용 후 적어도 40분 이상의 수동적 재가온을 위한 시간을 갖도록 해야 할 것입니다.

• 대한간호
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 1990

• 임상간호연구
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.355-365
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate nursing protocols for superficial cryotherapy in different medical institutions. Methods: The study was conducted with a cross-sectional descriptive design. The medical institutions including general hospitals, hospitals, and geriatric hospitals were randomly selected. A total of 435 nurses from 126 institutions completed a questionnaire. Data were collected from December 2014 to June 2015. Results: Forty-two institutions (39.5%) had nursing protocol for cryotherapy. The nurses reported that durations of cold application were 2 minutes to 5 hours. Frequently used cold therapy devices in order of frequency were frozen gel packs, ice packs, and frozen IV fluid bags. There were variances in the duration of cold application according to the types of institution ($x^2=7.78$, p=.020) and nursing units ($x^2=26.42$, p<.001). In addition, intervals of cold application were different according to the nursing units (x=12.23, p=.032). There were differences in cold application instruments by regional groups (x=70.38, p<.001). Most of the nurses (95.6%) responded that national nursing protocol for superficial cryotherapy were needed. Conclusion: There were difficulties in providing consistent nursing interventions because of the practical differences and absence of evidence-based guidelines for cryotherapy. The researchers recommend that basic studies with various instruments be conducted and proper nursing protocols be developed for cryotherapy.

• 중환자간호학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.33-45
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Patients who underwent a coronary artery bypass graft surgery(CABG) experienced the unpleasant emotions and discomfort when their chest tube was removed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cold therapy on pain related to chest tube removal(CTR) in CABG patients. Methods: Fifty adult patients undergoing CABG were recruited in a prospective, double blinded study. Subjects were divided into the experimental group and the control group considering their sex and age. The pretest data were obtained 20 minutes before CTR. Patients in the experimental group, received cold therapy for 10 minutes before CTR. Pain sense and intensity were determined immediately after CTR and at 10 minutes after CTR. Results: The total score of pain sense immediately after CTR of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(t=-3.703, p=.003). And scores of pain intensity immediately after CTR in the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control group(t=-3.073, p=.001). But, there was no significant difference in the score of pain intensity 10 minutes after CTR between the experimental and the control group(t=1.759, p=.085). Conclusion: The cold therapy would be recommended as an effective and nonpharmacologic nursing intervention for relieving pain in patients undergoing CTR.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.149-160
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of oral cryotherapy on oral mucositis, reactive oxygen series, inflammatory cytokines, and oral comfort in patients undergoing chemotherapy for gynecologic cancers. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=25, receiving oral cryotherapy during chemotherapy) and the control group (n=25, receiving the usual care consisting of 0.9% normal saline gargles three times before meals). Oral mucositis was assessed using the oral assessment guide, while oral comfort was assessed using the oral perception guide. Reactive oxygen series was measured as total oxidant stress, and the level of two inflammatory markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$), were examined. The data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: There was a significant difference in the oral mucositis score, reactive oxygen series score, $TNF-{\alpha}$ level, and oral comfort score between the two groups, and there were significant changes over time and in the group-by-time interactions. There was a significant difference in the IL-6 score between the two groups, but there were no significant changes over time or in the group-by-time interactions. Conclusion: The study results revealed that oral cryotherapy was more effective than the usual care regime of normal saline gargles for reducing oral mucositis, reactive oxygen series, and inflammatory cytokines and for improving oral comfort in gynecologic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.27-40
• /
• 1991

Perineal discomfort from episiotomy continues to be a problem for many postpartum women. The purposes of this study were to compare the effect of ice bag and heat lamp for the relief of perineal discomfort and to identify the sustaining time of each effect. Forty women took ice bag and heat lamp with random assignment of initial therapy. Women rated the degree of perineal discomfort before and after each therapy and at half-hour, tow-hour and four-hour intervals after each therapy. A discomfort scale, 18cm graphic rating scale, was used. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The ice bag group showed significantly lower discomfort score than the heat lamp group at the half- hour and two - hour intervals after therapy. 2. The ice bag group showed significantly lower discomfort score for 4hrs after than before therapy, but the heat lamp group did not show significantly lower discomfort score. 3. Neither the type of episiotomy nor the previous experience of heat therapy influenced on the effect of ice bag relieving the perineal discomfort. Therefore ice bag was significantly mere effective in relieving perineal discomfort than heat lamp. Subjective responeses of patients who took both therapy were very favorable toward ice bag. I suggested that nurses should provide women with adequate information about the use of ice bag and encourage to apply ice bag instead of heat lamp after episiotomy in order to promote the relief of perineal discomfort and the healing of perineal wound.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.292-301
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of postoperative oral care using cold therapy on nausea, vomiting and oral discomfort after laparoscopic myomectomy. Method: The study was conducted with an experimental group (n=29) and a control group (n=35) sampled from patients admitted to a women's hospital in a metropolitan city in Korea. Data were collected between October 10, 2011 and January 31, 2012 and analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and repeated measure ANCOVA with SPSS/WIN 19.0. Results: After the intervention, postoperative nausea (p<.001) and oral discomfort for patients in the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group. There were significant differences in the presence of vomiting between both groups at 12 hours (p<.001) and 24 hours (p=.003) after leaving the recovery room. Conclusion: Oral care using cold therapy was found to be an effective nursing intervention for reducing postoperative nausea, vomiting and oral discomfort up to 24 hours after recovery in patients with laparoscopic myomectomy.

• 근관절건강학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.73-86
• /
• 1995

Heat and cold often produce a similar clinical effect but different physiologic mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of local heat and cold therapy on joint pain, discomfort and, ROM of the arthritic knee joint. Thirty female subjects took Ice bag and hot bag with random assignment of initial therapy Subjects rated the degree of Joint pain and discomfort before and after each therapy, and then ROM was measured. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The hot bag group showed significantly lower joint pain & discomfort score than the ice bag group. ROM was increased in the hot bag group compared with subjects in the ice bag group. But there is not significant differences. 2. The ice bag group showed significantly lower joint pain score after than before therapy. But there are no significant differences in discomfort score & ROM between after & before therapy. 3. The hot bag group showed significantly lower joint pain, discomfort score after than before therapy. ROM was significantly increased after than before therapy in hot bag group. Therefore hot bag was significantly more effective than the ice bag in relieving the arthritic joint symptoms. A further study is necessary to determine the effect of local heat and cold therapy including the related variables such as preference for heat or cold.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.184-193
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The aims of the current study were to evaluate the effects of superficial cold and heat after spine surgery on pain, satisfaction with pain control and comfort level, and to identify subjective responses and adverse effects. Methods: A prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was utilized. The intervention group (n=36) received superficial cooling until the wound drain was removed and thereafter followed by superficial heating until discharge, while the control group (n=34) received only superficial cooling until wound drain was removed. Data were collected from August 4 to November 11 2014. Results: There was significant difference in pain according to time within groups (F=71.87, p<.001). However, we found no difference in pain between groups. The intervention group reported higher patient satisfaction with pain control (4 vs 3, z=-2.83, p=.005) and higher comfort level (5 vs 4, z=-4.12, p<.001) than the control group. Conclusion: Results indicate that sequential application of superficial cold and heat is a useful method in clinical practice for management of pain after spine surgery.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.67-83
• /
• 1998

A quasi-experiment, repeated measures design with non-equivalent control group was used to test the influence of cold therapy on the perineal discomfort and the healing state of the postpartum women undergoing vaginal delivery with episiotomy. Experiment was carried out from July 28, through October 2, 1996 with 40 postpartum women conveniently sampled from one university hospital located in Seoul. The 40 postpartum women undergoing vaginal delivery with episiotomy were as signed to experimental and control groups evenly(20 each). The instrument of measurement of perineal discomfort was 0-10 rating scale that was made by researcher and that of perineal healing state was Davidson's REEDA tool. The perineal discomfort and the healing state level were measured before and after each treatment. The treatment using ice glove that was given for the only experimental group was carried out at three points ; as soon as returning to the recovery room, 3 hours after returning to the recovery room and 6 hours after returning to the recovery room. The data was analysed by using t-test, chi-square test to determine the similarity between experimental and control groups. The hypotheses were tested using repeated measures ANOVA. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The first hypothesis that the perineal discomfort level of the experimental group will be significantly lower than that of the control group(df(1,38), F=24.12, p=.0001) was supported. 2. The second hypothesis that the perineal healing state of the experimental group wil be better than that of the control group(df(1,38), F=0.48, p=.49) was not supported. Based on the results of this study, could therapy was turned out to have significant effect on the perineal discomfort of the postpartum women undergoing vaginal delivery with episiotomy.