• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2010

The IIS(Internal Insulation System) is applied in most Korean apartment buildings which are the most common type of residential buildings. Consequently, there are many cases in which the layer of insulation is disconnected by the structural components at the wall-slab and wall-wall joints in the envelope. These joints become thermal bridges where the risk of heat loss increases. It is expected that the EIFS(External Insulation and Finish System) is the solution to this problem. In this study, annual heating and cooling loads of apartment buildings with IIS and EIFS were compared using Design Builder program in order to evaluate the thermal storage effect of EIFS where the concrete thermal mass is located inside of the insulation material. As results, the apartment building with EIFS could reduce annual heating and cooling loads by 2.4% and 4.1%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.946-951
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• 2009

The research aims to study a new, optimum and renewable energy application method that can cover the minimum energy and operation costs within a range of school budgets. By deriving the optimum application method, it is expected to maximize the cooling/heating and water heating energy saving efficiencies for educational facilities. Therefore, this research carried out a study on the new/renewable energy utilization technique diffusion expansion method and the optimum method. As a result, the first optimum plan was introduced with the multi-type geothermal heat pump 174kW + solar heat collector $94\;m^2$ + highly efficient electronic cooling/heating device (EHP) 249.4kW. On the other hand, the second optimum plan was induced as the multi-type geothermal heat pump 255.2kW + highly efficient electronic cooling/heating device (EHP) 168.2kW.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.177-182
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate planning of urban energy supply systems configuration and operating conditions for the district heating and cooling system using combined heat and power system. Generally the district heating and cooling system has been known to one of the effective way for energy saving, cost reduction and demand side management of energy. Economical analyses were carried out and operating characteristics for some systems were examined in terms of GER factor which represents to the ratio of gas and electricity costs. Rates of the energy consumption and the $CO_2$ emission were compared from the system configuration of the energy supply system with new district cooling system with the conventional one.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.564-574
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• 2009

The study is conducted to study a new, optimum and new and renewable energy application method that can cover the minimum energy and operation costs within a range of school budgets. By deriving the optimum application method, it is expected to maximize the cooling/heating and hot water supply energy saving efficiencies for educational facilities. Therefore, this research implemented a study on the new and renewable energy utilization technique diffusion expansion method and the optimum method. As a result, the first optimum plan was introduced with the multi-type geothermal heat pump 475.6 kW+highly efficient electronic cooling/heating device(EHP) 545.2 kW. On the other hand, the second optimum plan was induced as the multi-type geothermal heat pump 261kW+solar heat collector $240\;m^2$+highly efficient electronic cooling/heating device(EHP) 759.8 kW.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 2013

Due to the increasing concerns about the buildings which have affected the global environment, most countries have enacted a regulation for the sustainability of domestic buildings. In 2008, the Korean government started to enact a regulation of apartment and office buildings for energy saving. Many research on the sustainable apartment building focuses on $84m^2$ or larger type in response to market demand; therefore, small size type such as $46m^2$ type needs to be researched. In addition, the research on the orientation and window to wall ratio of the building have been separately studied as a means of energy reduction; therefore, the research on correlation of the orientation and window to wall ratio hasn't been fully explored yet. This paper analyzes the energy demand of the apartment building as the change of orientation and window to wall ratio among $46m^2$ and $84m^2$ type. In conclusion, when reducing the window to wall ratio, energy demand was reduced, except when the orientation of the building was between from +10 to -20 from the south.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.81-87
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• 2014

According to the domestic construction business will continue stagnant, many domestic construction companies are expanding their business into foreign countries. As results, building design guidelines including HVAC design for foreign countries considering the regional climate conditions are needed. Also, green building design strategies to minimize the heating and cooling load are key issue to win a contract in construction business in the world. In this study, peak heating and cooling loads were calculated for the representative cities in the world : Seoul, St. Petersburg, Singapore and Mecca. The analyzed building was a typical high-rise office building and the building envelope properties, indoor heat gain, residence and operating schedules were same in all cases. Only the weather conditions were different by cases.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.19-26
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• 2007

This paper concerns the study of absorption refrigeration and heat pump cycle to use sewage. Simulation analysis on the double-effect absorption refrigeration cycle with parallel and two-stage heat pump cycle has been performed. The working fluid is Lithium Bromide and water solution. The absorption refrigeration cycle use sewage as a cooling water for the absorber and condenser, and absorption refrigeration cycle does that as a chilled water for the evaporator of the first stage cycle. And the two-stage cycle consists of coupling double-effect with parallel and single effect cycle so that the first stage absorber and condenser produces heating water to evaporate refrigerant in the evaporator of the second stage. The effects of operating variables such as a absorber temperature on the coefficient of performance have been studied for absorption refrigeration and heat pump cycle.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.972-980
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• 2002

This work is aimed at estimating the effects of various factors on the energy consumption of Korean-style apartment houses using TRNSYS. The factors considered here include the nominal size of floor area, type of remodeling, azimuth, sidewall insulation, and window type. Based on some assumptions, an actual apartment house is simplified into a model that is used for thermal load calculations. The simplified model is validated by showing a good agreement with the actual one in the predicted result. Remodeling balconies into unconditioned buffer spaces yields a favorable thermal performance in comparison with the original type regardless of the nominal size. Incorporating balconies into a conditioned indoor space leads to sharp increases in thermal loads, which must be avoided in view of energy conservation as well as structural problem. A quantitative assessment on the azimuthal effect indicates that the heating energy can be saved up to 16％ by taking the south or southeast direction. Reduction in the heating load with enhancing the sidewall insulation is gradual, so that a cost-effectiveness analysis may be needed when amending the regulations concerned. Glazing appears to significantly affect the heat transfer through window. A typical case illustrates that the heating load is decreased about 25％ by simply adopting triple glazing instead of double glazing.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.429-435
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• 2010

Although recently revised building code requires 15~20% increased thermal insulation performance for window systems, since the code is focusing on winter heat loss, it is not satisfactory to contribute on reducing rapidly rising cooling load in summer. Window systems have great impact on building heat gain and loss. Therefore technological development for window system specialized in shading solar gain in summer is an urgent matter. This study evaluates the performance of sun shading and thermal insulation for blind integrated window system. Also, computer simulation evaluates the effect of heating and cooling energy consumption reduction for an individual unit(floor area of $85m^2$) of a multi-family housing. Physibel Voltra, a heat transfer analysis software, was used to analyse the effect of energy consumption reduction, and the energy load was converted to the cost to compare the actual effect of economical benefit.

• Solar Energy
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

The suggested year round solar air conditioning system has been developed for cooling and heating. In particular, this system focused on cooling and dehumidification and it could reduce a peak time owing to the use of air conditioners in summer. This study was performed to find out how much heating loads could be saved and furthermore whether this suggested system would be possible to do heating without a switch of system in real situations. Through model house experiments, the following conclusions were obtained. 1) The collector efficiency was 36% at maximum, but more improved structure of suggested collector could increase its efficiency. 2) The temperature of outlet air was about $30^{\circ}C$ and it could reduce heating loads. 3) Measured temperature and calculated one agreed well within ${\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$.