• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.851-891
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• 2012

The objective of this study can be presented as follows: First, given the consumption-based carbon accounting method which has now been claimed, this study reviews the emissions within Korea and the resulting position change in international society. Second, when each nation makes efforts to reduce carbon emissions under the Copenhagen Accord, this study, using the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, reviews the resulting carbon leakage and analyzes the effect from the various border adjustment measures. However, reflecting uncertainties in the negotiation processes, this study attempts to apply scenarios with regards to the reduction-mandatory nation group. In addition, this study tries to observe the impact on Korea through testing the various border adjustment measures, including the free allocation and embodied carbon tariffs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1032-1036
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 영산강 본류를 대표하는 나주지점을 대상으로 하여, 해당 지점에서 자동 측정되고 있는 수질 항목들 중에서 총유기탄소(TOC: Total Organic Carbon)의 시계열 자료에 대한 비선형 동역학적 거동을 파악하고자 하였다. 1994년 낙동강에서의 수질오염 사고 이후 4대강 유역에서 설치.운영되고 있는 수질자동 측정망의 TOC 자료를 일자료로 환산하여 사용하였으며, 시계열 자료에 비선형 동역학적(카오스적) 특성이 존재하는지를 알아보기에 앞서 자료의 전처리 과정으로써 3가지의 잡음제거 방법을 적용하였다. 잡음이 제거된 시계열 자료에 비선형 동역학적 거동의 파악을 위해 보편적으로 사용되고 있는 상관차원분석을 실시하였다. 또한 상관차원분석 결과 비선형 동역학적 거동을 나타내는 것으로 판별된 자료에 대하여 그 양상을 가시적으로 알아보기 위해 지체시간$(\tau)$을 적용하여 3차원 위상공간에 도시하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 나주지점에서 측정되고 있는 총유기탄소에 대해 비선형 잡음제거 방법을 적용한 자료가 비선형 동역학적 거동을 내재하고 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 이를 위상공간에 재건하였을 경우 이상한 끌개(strange attractor)의 뚜렷한 구조가 보이지 않았다. 그러나 상관차원분석 결과 잡음이 제거된 자료가 카오스적 특성을 보이므로, 자료의 단기예측을 위한 방법에 기초적인 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.109-133
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• 2014

With a growing concern about climate change and green house gases mitigation, carbon labeling policy has been launched in several countries as an environmental policy which connects low carbon production to low carbon consumption. This research aims to propose a model that explains consumers' attitude and brand loyalty toward carbon labeling products. This model specifies the consumer's psychological processes by which consumer values, such as autonomy and environmental values, affect carbon labeling product and corporate images and finally form brand loyalty toward carbon labeling products. Panel data were collected in two separate surveys and analyzed using a structural equation technique. Results are summarized as follows. First, consumers' autonomy value(AV) positively affects locus of control(LC) and corporate image(CI). Second, consumers' environmental value(EV) positively influences perceived consumer effectiveness(PCE), which in turn has a negative effect on perceived barriers(PB). Perceived barriers finally affect product image(PI) negatively. Third, both corporate image and product image have causal relationships with brand loyalty. Our results suggest that carbon labeling policy contributes not only to the reduction of greenhouse gases but also to the increase of consumers' attitude and brand loyalty toward carbon labeling products. This research also provides governments with directions for efficient environmental policy and firms with guidance on effective marketing strategies about carbon labeling.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.759-764
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• 2018

3D porous carbon electrodes (cNPIM), prepared by solution casting of a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) followed by nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) and carbonization are presented. In order to effectively control the pore size of 3D porous carbon structures, cNPIM was prepared by varying the THF ratio of mixed solvents. The SEM analysis revealed that cNPIMs have a unique 3D macroporous structure having a gradient pore structure, which is expected to grant a smooth and easy ion transfer capability as an electrode material. In addition, the cNPIMs presented a very large specific surface area ($2,101.1m^2/g$) with a narrow micropore size distribution (0.75 nm). Consequently, the cNPIM exhibits a high specific capacitance (304.8 F/g) and superior rate capability of 77% in an aqueous electrolyte. We believe that our approach can provide a variety of new 3D porous carbon materials for the application to an electrochemical energy storage.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-75
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• 2023

Compared to the EU, which legislates the Carbon Border Adjustment System (CBAM), the United States' carbon border adjustment policy movement is still relatively slow. Recently, however, a related bill has been proposed in the United States, and research institutes have been presenting research results on how to introduce an upstream carbon tax rather than an emission trading system and carry out carbon border adjustment based on it. Therefore, in this study, we looked at the economic and environmental effects of introducing this type of upstream carbon tax and carbon border adjustment in Korea. If an upstream carbon tax of KRW 30,000 per ton of CO₂ is applied to the net supply of domestic fossil energy, the expected carbon tax revenue is approximately KRW 22.9961 trillion, equivalent to about 5.7% of the total revenue of the Korean government of KRW 402 trillion in 2019. In addition, the carbon dioxide content of the steel sector, calculated based on the energy supply and demand status of the steel sector, which emits the most greenhouse gas emissions in Korea and has a considerable amount of overseas exports, was 106.22 million tons of CO₂. On the other hand, assuming that the upstream carbon tax of 30,000 won per ton of CO₂ embodied is directly passed on to the production cost of the steel sector, the carbon tax burden in the steel sector is estimated to reach approximately KRW 3.1865 trillion. Even after deducting KRW 1.1599 trillion in export refunds estimated by using the share of exports of steel products, the net carbon tax burden on steel products for domestic demand amounts to KRW 2.0266 trillion, which is analyzed to act as a factor in increasing the price of steel products.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.615-618
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• 2011

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) draw attention as promising materials due to their excellent electrical and mechanical properties. However, the intrinsic strong interaction between CNTs presents a challenge to their use in various applications. Here, we present a facile method to disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a polar solution using a graft copolymer, poly(vinyl chloride)-graft-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate), PVC-g-POEM. The graft copolymer was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), as confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. The SWCNTs were uniformly dispersed in a polar solvent such as dimethylsiloxane (DMSO) using PVC-g-POEM as a dispersant, due to interaction between CNT and the graft copolymer, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Upon removal of the solvent, free standing nanocomposite films with good homogeneity were obtained.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.371-383
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• 2015

Use of radiocarbon dating is increasing for chronology; however, its variability and discrepancy with existing chronologies can cause doubts in regards to credibility. In this paper, we explore factors that influence radiocarbon dating variabilities. We obtained estimated radiocarbon ages by sending identical samples to several labs multiple times. A Bayesian method was used to analyze the obtained data. From the analysis, we conclude that some factors (such as type of labs and megasamples) can induce variability when estimating radiocarbon age. We identify the size of variability caused by each factor and analyze the estimated variability in each lab corresponds with the reported variability.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 2013

Recently, CO2 reduction policies are being promoted as parts of ESSD(Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Development), and many local governments are interested in monorails as a new means of transport. Here we report on a feasibility study for introducing a monorail system by considering the travel demands in the Mt. Bomun area in Daejeon, based on the area's population. The feasibility of a monorail system on Mt.Bomun varies with respect to the demographic scale, mode shares, and operational distances. The strategies introduced here will help identify any tourist spots where local governments are trying to introduce monorail systems as a new system of transit.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.429-436
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• 2010

Recently, (terahertz ray) applications have emerged as one of the most promising new powerful nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. In this study, a new T-ray time-domain spectroscopy system was utilized for detecting and evaluating layup effect and flaw in FRP composite laminates. Extensive experimental measurements in reflection and thru-transmission modes were made to map out the T-ray images. Especially this was demonstrated in thick GFRP laminates containing double saw slots. In carbon composites the penetration of terahertz waves is limited to some degree and the detection of flaws is strongly affected by the angle between the electric field(E-field) vector of the terahertz waves and the intervening fiber directions. The artificial defects investigated by terahertz waves were bonded foreign material, simulated disbond and delamination and mechanical impact damage. The effectiveness and limitations of terahertz radiation for the NDE of composites are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.5-15
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• 2016

For achieving stability and economic construction at a retaining wall construction site, quantitative parameters of soil properties with excavation steps coincides with the actual field site. The main parameters of retaining wall design such as deformation modulus and modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction are common with N value of standard penetration test. Therefore, this study is compared and analyzed about the mutual relationship which is SPT, PBT and PMT for overcoming inconsistency of the existing retaining wall design generalized. In addition, modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction and reduction factor with excavation steps are proposed through back analysis of elasto-plasticity and finite element method with actual field monitoring data. Finally, it is purpose that parameter errors are reduced for applying effective retaining wall design at a construction small and medium-sized.