• School Mathematics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.389-409
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• 2004

This article presents a case study in which three middle school students developed models in modeling activity using a tool. We research the interaction of model development process and the activities operating a tool in the modeling. And we investigate whether students are able to create generalizable model, after a tool mediates students' thought process and students internalize the perceptive activity operating a tool. The analysis of our case study led to three results. First, as students were able to integrate perceptive activity operating a tool and cognitive activity, they reasoned about the relationships among changing quantities and developed the model. Second, students corrected and refined developed models with reflecting the perceptive activity operating a tool. Third, as students internalized perceptive activity, students were able to create generalizable model, which is a graph of height as a function of the amount of water that's in the beaker.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.149-160
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing emotional and behavior characteristics among children in multicultural families. The factors include demographic and psychological characteristics of married immigrant women. Surveys were distributed to 200 married immigrant women and, 148 surveys were returned and analyzed. The findings are as follows: first, emotional and behavioral characteristics of children were significantly associated with the age of their mothers and household income. Second, acculturative stress in married immigrant women was significantly related to the overall behavior characteristics of their children. Third, children whose mothers experienced a higher level of acculturative stress and were of older age showed internalizing problems. The level of Korean language proficiency and marital satisfaction were also important factors influencing sub-categories of internalizing and externalizing problems aside from acculturative stress. Implications and suggestions to develop preventative programs for emotional and behavioral problems of children in multicultural families are discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.525-531
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• 2011

This study is about the system for knowledge management in the Wiki-based project learning. We implement the Wiki-based project learning system which is focused on a new Web paradigm and technology development to grasp the knowledge flow of a learner effectively under a project learning condition. Implementation of the system has used a Web 2.0 technology to easily understand SECI Knowledge Management types which form the Externalization, Combination and Internalization steps. Moreover, the system structure has been designed instinctively for harmonious knowledge use or reuse. As a result of the experiment, we found out that the collaborative knowledge steps moved along the flow of project learning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.96-109
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• 2008

The proposes of this study were to exam the effects of internalization of sociocultural values toward appearance on adolescents' body image and clothing behaviors, and to analyze these effects by adolescents' sex and age variables. The research method was survey and the subjects were 447 male and female adolescents in Daejeon, Korea. The questionnaire consisted of 4 measuring instruments; internalization of sociocultural values toward appearance, body image, clothing behaviors, and demographic attributions. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, t-test, variance analysis, Duncan's multiple range test, using SPSS program. The results are as follows. First, most of adolescents showed positive attitude on sociocultural values toward appearance, and female and high school students revealed higher level of internalization than male and middle school students. Second, as a result of factor analysis, 3 factors emerged in body image(appearance interest, appearance evaluation, and weight concern) and 4 factors emerged in clothing behaviors(clothing interest & psychological dependency, clothing ostentation, clothing conformity, and clothing comfort). Third, internalization of sociocultural values toward appearance had important effects on adolescents' body image and clothing behaviors; the adolescents who had high level internalization showed more interest on their appearance and weight and higher clothing interest & psychological dependency and clothing ostentation and lower clothing comfort than other adolescents who had middle or low level internalization. Forth, internalization of sociocultural values toward appearance showed many different effects on body image and clothing behaviors by adolescents' sex and age variables.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.740-753
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• 2010

This study analyzes the motives of Korean women for choosing breast augmentation in a cultural and relational context; in addition, it investigates their evaluations after surgery. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 10 Korean women in their 20s and 30s who have received cosmetic breast augmentation. Enlarged and made-up breasts are a form of clothing that symbolizes the socio-economic status of women. In the vertical and individualized Korean society, the desire of women for a fashionable body invigorated the appearance management market. Fashion consumers have passively internalized the ideal body trends as the concept of the ideal body-image, which has been constructed by the social structure, markets, and the media. The analysis was rooted in post-modern feminist perspectives on the female body. The ideal body-image internalization process through the social interactions of participants was the main cultural factor to choose breast surgery. The self-image and conformity/individuality of participant were categorized as relational factors for the motivation to undergo breast surgery. The result showed that after surgery the participants achieved positive feedback from their social relationships. They expressed or hid their socio-economic statuses through their purchased fashion bodies. They also showed higher self-esteem and feelings of satisfaction by pursuing individuality and conformity as a member of society. Moreover, they achieved wider fashion options and greater controls over their public/private/secret clothing choices for certain occasions. Cosmetic breast surgery positively empowered individual women while reinforcing the socially manipulated body ideals that oppress women at the same time. Participants internalized socially constructed values and justified their surgery choices.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.53-62
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to look at the patterns of Korean preschoolers' cortisol levels at home and to examine the relations of cortisol pattern to the preschooler's internalizing behavioral tendency with focused on behavioral inhibition and internalizing problematic behavior. The subjects of the study were forty 4-year old preschoolers(27 boys and 13 girls). Saliva was collected at home during the weekends, and cortisol was analyzed by Radioimmunoassay procedure. "Strange Peer Situation Experiment" developed by Rubin, Coplan, Fox and Calkins(1995) and revised by Rubin, Burgess and Hastings(2002) was used to measure the preschooler's behavior inhibition. Problematic behavior was measured through a "Korean Children's Behavior Checklist" (Oh, K. J., Lee, H. R., Hong, K. E., & Ha, E. H., 1997). The results were as follows: First, on average for a 4-year old, the level of cortisol was 0.22 in the morning, and 0.14 in the afternoon. There was a pattern that cortisol levels had declined in the afternoon. There was no difference in cortisol levels between genders. Secondly, there was a tendency that children of higher inhibition level at the lab showed the higher cortisol levels in the morning. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Thirdly, the higher the cortisol levels at home, the more showed internalizing behavior. Externalizing behavior was not correlated with the cortisol levels. It was concluded that cortisol may be related to children's internalizing behavior tendency.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.5 no.2 s.10
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• pp.69-95
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• 2005

Eunsa Memorial Science Museum is a political space to justify ruling colony. Japanese imperialism made use of science museum in ruling colony under the cloak of propagating science thoughts. The science museums made it natural to rule the inferior Joseon(Korea) by bring the concept of 'Great Science Empire' into relief. The exhibition, lecture, experiment and science movies propagated those colonial ruling ideology. This transplantation of the colonial science museumraised the following problems. First, the science museum was used as means for the propagation of political power. All the aspects of the architecture, exhibition, and operation of the colonial science museum propagated and supported the direction of political authority, and furthermore planted a rosy phantasm of 'Development' and 'Progression' into the colony. Second, The science technology of science museum was treated as 'Result' and 'Instrument'. Japanese imperialism denied that the science is a historical and cultural staple product; it instilled only the 'Instrumental Rationality' in the colony. Third, the science technology dealt in the colonial science museum was below the level. What they educated and set forth as domestic science was to cultivate the laborers people for the political power by internalizing modernistic discipline.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.456-468
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• 2020

Vietnam is becoming a leading country in the consumption of Korean wave. Many Vietnamese students have visited Korea due to a significant interest in the Korean wave. This study used focus group interviews with 12 Vietnamese female students in order to examine the experience of the Korean wave acceptance (RQ1), the experience of internalization toward ideal beauty (RQ2) and differences of internalization towards ideal beauty depending on the living period in Korea (RQ3). First, the results of RQ1 showed that Vietnamese students were accepting the Korean wave through media, Korean and social interaction in their daily lives. They also have a positive attitude toward Korean cosmetics and K-pop among various content of the Korean wave. Second, four focal meanings were composed through RQ2. They were the standards of ideal beauty, the causes of ideal beauty internalization and the results of ideal beauty internalization. The results of ideal beauty internalization were separated into the perception dimension and behavior dimension. Last, the results of RQ3 found that the strength of internalization of ideal beauty can very depending on the living period in Korea. This study has academic implications in that it understands Vietnamese female students who become a member of Korean society from a sociocultural perspective. The results of this study are useful to establish practical implications for young Vietnamese consumers to build desirable aesthetic values.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2010

Objectives ： The purpose of this study was to evaluate gender differences with respect to the internalization or externalization of symptoms according to the amount of time spent engaged in extracurricular education. Methods ： The study included a community sample of 755 boys and girls (mean age, 6.6 years), collected from five elementary schools in Gunpo, South Korea. Primary caregivers completed a questionnaire which included information on demographics, the amounts of time children spent in extracurricular education and with other activities, and an adapted form of the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC-2). Gender differences regarding externalizing and internalizing behavior problems were examined according to extracurricular education. Results ： With respect to the boys, there was a difference in the frequency of those who had externalizing behavior problems according to their time spent in extracurricular education. In contrast, the girls exhibited no difference. With respect to those children who spent a lot of time engaged in extracurricular education, there was a gender-specific difference only with respect to externalizing behavior problems. Conclusion ： A gender-specific difference exists only in terms of externalizing behavior problems according to time spent engaged in extracurricular education.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.334-349
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• 2008

In this study, the network formation process of personal actors in industries for the elderly was analyzed. This process is applied to the knowledge creation model of the SECI (Nonaka-Takeuchi learning cycle), that is socialization, externalization, combination, internalization. There are some kinds of opportunities to interact in these industries in the forms of field survey teams to overseas, some seminars and symposiums, many kinds of meetings, education and training programs, trade fairs and on-line forums. These palces(ba) - originating ba, interacting ba, cyber ba, exercising ba - played great roles in the formation of personal actor networks. Personal actors had opportunities to interconnect with distant actors through those places(ba). In the spatial perspective, personal actors could make face-to-face contact and build trust through temporary geographical proximity or temporary clusters with the help of personal mobility. Relations in the virtual spaces such as the Internet community did much toward building personal networks.