• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.7 no.2 s.14
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

Even though underground conduits have became important city-infra structures which should be exhaustively and efficiently managed, there is few systems which supports the well-defined facility management standards. Due to the lack of the supporting systems, experts must visit underground conduits scattered several cities over the country to see and check the status of the underground conduits including built-in facilities. This type of management gives us a little bit delayed status information at the end of so much time and money costs. In this paper, to solve this problem and manage the conduit synthetically, we developed a web-based facility management system for underground conduits by using information technologies. The developed management system has a simplified map drawing interface to depict the overall architectures and locations of underground conduits and their built-in facilities into sketch maps. And, the system uses the 3D panorama image technology with zooming functions in addition to still images and video images to give the feeling of a spot inspection. Moreover, since the system accumulates the data of repair/reinforcement, occasional inspections and safety diagnosis, conduit managers can synthetically and effectively manage the facilities within underground conduits and themselves.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 2001

Since the first radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed in 1970s, many conventional RIAs and non-isotopic immunoassays (NIA) had been developed in which the degree of precision, accuracy, specificity and practicability have progressively increased. Recently ultrasensitive assay method at femtogram to determine testosterone in serum, saliva and feces is required for the study of sexual dysfunctions in male and female, monitoring the psychological stress and conditions, aging process such as menopause and partial androgen deficiency in aging male, the hormonal changes of small experimental animals etc. This review discussed the recentd evelopments of steroid assay methods, based upon the testosterone assay results of authors far 20 years, and the problems associated the assay set-up, the characterizations and applications of the established procedures, and desifls of assay, reliablity criteria, and the practical aspects of assay set-up and application, based upon the data of the authors. The present study demonstrates the general problems methods to be consider in order to set up the highly sensitive assay methods and to increase the assay quality and the necessity of assay quality control program. To improve the assay quality of each laboratory and to compare the assay results in homeland, the national QC programs should be organized.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose new modulation schemes using the conventional CACB (Constant Amplitude Coded Multicode Biorthogonal) modulation with constant amplitude property. Also the proposed modulation schemes supports high transmission data rate by increasing the spectral efficiency, In order to obtain the high spectral efficiency, the $Q^2$AM (Quadrature-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) and CA-$Q^2$AM (Constant Amplitude-$Q^2$AM) are used. We explain the simplest combining modulation scheme of CACB and $Q^2$AM (i.e., CACB-$Q^2$AM). However, this modulation scheme cannot support the constant amplitude property. Hence the first CACB-CA-$Q^2$AM (or CACB-CA-$Q^2$AM I) modulation scheme is proposed for the constant amplitude property. In the modulation scheme, the redundant constant amplitude encoding (spectral efficiency decrease) is required. Therefore, the second CACB-CA-$Q^2$AM (or CACB-CA-$Q^2$AM II) modulation scheme is proposed retaining the constant amplitude and the spectral efficiency. Computer simulations show that the proposed CACB-CA-$Q^2$AM II is the efficient modulation scheme.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2011

Carbon emissions and storages that are strongly related to global warming has have emerged as one of the important issues while many governments and researchers have been interested in climate change and pollution. In this regards, forest biomass estimation is quite importance since forest biomass works as an important medium of the global carbon cycle between the atmosphere and soil. Forest biomass estimation through field survey needs lots of time and labors, and has accessibility issues. Hence, many researchers have focused on the forest biomass approaches based on remotely sensed data. This research comprehensively reviewed forty one international studies using remote sensing data according to five different categories (i.e., location of study area, size of study area, biome, used remote sensing data, and estimation technology). It would be expected that the results of this study can be used for suggesting domestic research directions; domestic research in this field is at the beginning stage in terms of level of technologies and useful materials. As results, 39% out of the reviewed studies used the areas located in North America. 59% out of the researches dealt with small size of the study areas (less than 3,600km2). In case of biome, around 30% of the studies focused on the boreal/taiga areas. Moreover, 35% and 16% of the studies were carried out using Landsat series and Lidar data, respectively. Finally, regression analysis method was most frequently used for forest biomass estimation by 71% out of 41 studies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.333-344
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• 2011

The recent expansion in the number of housing construction projects has been accompanied by substantial improvements in construction quality, which can be attributed to the development of new construction technologies and materials. In apartment complex construction projects, numerous mechanization technologies have been adopted as part of the floor plastering process to counter increasing difficulties in securing labor and the pressing need to reduce lead time, but these have also triggered setbacks such as additional costs or loss of time to fix cracks in or loosening of floor. Cracks developing in the floor of an apartment housing unit, in terms of materials in use, are the products of a complex combination of material makeup, construction workmanship, concrete curing and the protection method. Controlling such elements from the perspective of materials in use may ensure partial success in reducing cracks, but fall short of eliminating them completely. Any attempt to prevent cracks from developing in the first place requires systematic analysis as to their potential causes and viable solutions to reduce them. On this backdrop, this paper aims to provide an analysis of potential causes of cracks found in floor plastering, and consider the mechanism of a crack stop-bar as a fundamental safeguard against them.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2012

Due to the increase of aged housing demolition in preparation for the rapid growth of the market, Eco-friendly remodeling demolition work which can minimize environmental destruction have been studied. However, the owner or contractor to apply for eco-friendly remodeling demolition work does not reflect the characteristics of the site can not have a potential for many variables. In addition, There is no standard which can find effective part and catch a problem by performing eco-friendly remodeling demolition. Therefore, the project owner and construction company executives in the Pre-construction stage to the implementation of eco-friendly remodeling demolition construction by providing a model for the pre-evaluating the project. In this paper, the performance of eco-friendly remodeling of demolitions is proposed for the pre-evaluating model. After the eight items were drawn affecting the performances which are influence to accomplishment of the eco-friendly remodeling demolition, evaluation criteria was suggested for each item. Also By classifying and assessing the evaluation items, It will be able to identify the problems and supplements for eco-friendly remodeling demolition. Through the final evaluation sheet, The works of the appropriacy and supplement will be checked for the eco-friendly remodeling demolition. Finally The preinvestigation model is helpful for making the plan of systematic demolition, futhermore It is contribute to the expansion of the eco-friendly remodeling demolition.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.104-115
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• 2008

Currently, reconstruction and remodeling are conducted to improve the performance of aged housing. Recently reconstruction has caused many problems such as wastes generation, wasting resources and real estate speculation, remodeling is drawing attention. Accordingly, remodeling business for aged housings gradually increasing, but the use of scheduling method not considering characteristics of remodeling deters construction in some construction types. Especially, in case of dismantling construction, the dismantling is delayed since the scheduling method not considering characteristics of remodeling is used. In case of remodeling, dismantling construction is ahead of other processes, if the dismantling construction is delayed, whole construction will be delayed and if speedy construction is conducted, the costs for remodeling will increase. Furthermore, existing remodeling for aged housing has been for rahmen(crossbeam and pillar) structure apartments, but since most apartments to be remodeled are wall-slab structure where dismantling takes a lot of weight, it is highly possible the dismantling construction is delayed. Thus, this paper is to establish scheduling method for the dismantling construction reflecting characteristic of remodeling to prevent delay of dismantling construction for remodeling of aged housing with wall-slab structure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.444-455
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• 1991

An accurate and fast running NEDAR model for calculating radial power profile throughout fuel life in both solid and annular pellets for existing and advanced CANDU-PHWR-fuel was developed in this work. This model contains resultant flux depression equations and neutron depression data tables which have been developed for CANDU-PHWR fuel of pellet with the diameter 8.0 to 19.5 mm and enrichment 0.71-6.0 wt % U-235, over a bumup range of 0 to 840 MWh /kgU (35000 MWD/T). In order to obtain the neutron flux distribution in the fuel pellet, the CE-HAMMER physics code was run for a neutron flux spectrum appropriate to a CANDU-PHWR to give predictions of radial power profile for several ranges of fuel design parameters. The results, which were calculated by the CE-HAMMER physics code, were fitted to an equation which is solved in terms of Bessel and exponential functions in order to obtain the parameters, $textsc{k}$, $\beta$ and λ in the resultant equation. The present NEDAR model produce a radial profile which, when normalized to unity at the pellet surface, is slightly higher than the profile of the original ELESIM data table. The predictions of the fission gas release by KAFEPA-NEDAR are in slightly better agreement with the experiments than those of ELESIM. The NEDAR model described in this study has been shown to provide an effective, reliable, and accurate method for determining radial power profiles in CANDU-PHWR fuel rods without incurring a significant increase in computing time.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.663-673
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• 2014

The WBAN technology means a short distance wireless network which provides each device interactive communication by connecting devices inside and outside of body. Standardization on the physical layer, data link layer, network layer and application layer is in progress by IEEE 802.15.6 TG BAN. Wireless body area network is usually configured in energy efficient using sensor and zigbee device due to the power limitation and the characteristics of human body. Wireless sensor network consist of sensor field and sink node. Sensor field are composed a lot of sensor node and sink node collect sensing data. Wireless sensor network has capacity of the self constitution by protocol where placed in large area without fixed position. In this paper, we proposed the efficient addressing scheme for improving the performance of routing algorithm by using ZigBee in WBAN environment. A distributed address allocation scheme used an existing algorithm that has wasted in address space. Therefore proposing x, y and z coordinate axes from divided address space of 16 bit to solve this problems. Each node was reduced not only bitwise but also multi hop using the coordinate axes while routing than Cskip algorithm. I compared the performance between the standard and the proposed mechanism through the numerical analysis. Simulation verified performance about decrease averaging multi hop count that compare proposing algorithm and another. The numerical analysis results show that proposed algorithm reduced the multi hop better than ZigBee distributed address assignment

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.30-36
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• 2000

The hidden node plays a role of the functional units that classifies the features of input pattern in the given question. Therefore, a neural network that consists of the number of a suitable optimum hidden node has be on the rise as a factor that has an important effect upon a result. However there is a problem that decides the number of hidden nodes based on back-propagation learning algorithm. If the number of hidden nodes is designated very small perfect learning is not done because the input pattern given cannot be classified enough. On the other hand, if designated a lot, overfitting occurs due to the unnecessary execution of operation and extravagance of memory point. So, the recognition rate is been law and the generality is fallen. Therefore, this paper suggests a method that decides the number of neural network node with feature information consisted of the parameter of learning algorithm. It excludes a node in the Pruning target, that has a maximum value among the feature value obtained and compares the average of the rest of hidden node feature value with the feature value of each hidden node, and then would like to improve the learning speed of neural network deciding the optimum structure of the multi-layer neural network as pruning the hidden node that has the feature value smaller than the average.