• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.36-41
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• 2003

This experimental study shows the combustion characteristics for each coating thickness of water and oil paint which are used as fire retardant paints that prevent fire propagation through cables in underground culverts and trays. To evaluate combustion characteristics, smoke density(ASTM E 662) and Limited Oxygen Index(ASTM D 2863) experiment method was used. As the results of this study, the combustion characteristics of fire retardant paints produced the following : (a) The molt suitable coating thickness of fire retardant paint was 1.5∼2.0 mm in water paint and 0.2 mm in oil paint. (b) Flaming method in experiments of smoke density were found to be higher than Non-flaming method. (c) Water paint has the fire retardant effect and characteristics better than oil paint in measurement results of smoke density and oxygen index. (d) The oxygen index of water and oil fire retardant was able to know that it was satisfied a standard (30 or above).

• Composites Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.309-316
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• 2022

The demand for cold-resistant cable material is increasing due to the rapid increase in the development of devices that operate in a low temperature environment. Cold tolerance of a thermoplastic polymer largely depends on the type and content of about 20 or more additives used to make the polymer. The phenomenon of polymer hardening at low temperature can be classified into hardening by simple temperature effect, embrittlement at the glass transition temperature, and hardening by crystallization of polymers that tend to crystallize. In this study, a thermoplastic polymer having a low glass transition temperature, a flame retardant, and an additive were mixed to evaluate the mechanical properties of a thermoplastic polymer composite material for electric wires. It has been confirmed that mechanical properties and processability are determined depending on the additives and compatibilizers added, and this study is considered to be useful as basic data for optimization to meet the performance requirements of wires developed for low-temperature use.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.124-130
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• 2002

화재 발생 재해요인의 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 것이 전기화재이다. 이러한 전기화재는 1991년도부터 2000년도까지 10년 동안 화재발생 1순위를 차지하고 있으며 전기기기나 전력설비사용의 증가와 함께 점점 화재건수가 증가하고 있으며 이로 인한 인명피해 및 재산피해는 물론 국가 경제에도 크나큰 손실을 주고 있으므로 이에 대한 대책요인으로 사회 전반적으로 환경보전의 움직임 추세에서 전선ㆍ케이블에 대해서도 환경에 대한 배려가 강하게 요구되어 있고, 유해 화학 물질을 사용하지 않고, 유해 폐기물을 내보내지 않는 제품을 개발하여 환경에 영향을 주는 영향을 감소하는 환경조형제품 (Environmentally Conscious Product : ECP)의 개발이 중요한 과제로 대두되고 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1992.07b
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• pp.768-770
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• 1992

Conventional flame retardant cable using PVC or CR materials generate considerable amount of toxic and acidic gas (HCI etc.) together with excessive black smoke during a fire. The newly developed halogen free materials have dissolved the problem of halogen acid gases. This paer describes the development of this power cable insulation and sheath, using halogen free materals.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1460-1462
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• 2002

The test methods on materials of electrical power cable are used in accordance with 25 specifications of IEC, ASTM, ICEA, KS and KEPCO Spec. The validation of test methods were checked and stablished by solving the problems occurred during the test. These tests are flammability, degree of acidity of gases, amount of halogen acid gas, smoke density, oxygen index, amount of ion in semiconductor, void, amber, contaminant and water tree, crosslinked density. Then the performance of power cable made by A, B, C and D company were evaluated and compared.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.251-254
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• 2001

In this paper, we analyzed the properties change of electric wire when the thermal stress was applied to NFR-8 and FR-PVC 600[V] wire. Messurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke accumulating with in a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion. Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke. Referenced documents were ASTM E662 standard test method for specific Ds genalated by solid materials. The furnace control system shall maintain the required irradiance level under steady-state condition with the chamber door closed of $2.5{\pm}0.04[w/cm^{2}]$ for 20 min. According to the results of the smoke density analysis of NFR-8 and FR-PVC the highest decomposition flaming smoke density range of NFR-8 and FR-PVC were 25.2 to 37.5 and 51.1 respectively. Nonflaming smoke density range of NFR-8 and FR-PVC were 100.4 to 112.2 and 126.5 to 398.8. The amount of carbon monoxide generated was found to be much higher in FR-PVC decomposition than in NFR-8 due to incomplete combustion of FR-PVC which has high content of carbon in compound.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.251-254
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• 2001

In this paper, we analysed the properties change of electric wire when the thermal stress was applied to NFR-8 and FR-PVC [600] wire. Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke accumulating with in a closed chamber due to nonflamining pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion. Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke. Referenced documents were ASTM E662 standard test method for specific Ds generated by solid materials. The furnace control system shall maintain the required irradiance level under steady-state condition with the chamber door closed of 2.5${\pm}$0.04[w/$\textrm{cm}^2$] for 20 min. According to the results of the smoke density analysis of NFR-8 and FR-PVC the highest decomposition flaming smoke density range of NFR-8 and FR-PVC were 7.2 to 77.5 and 51.1 respectively. Nonflaming smoke density range of NFR-8 and FR-PVC were 100.4 to 112.2 and 126.5 to 398.8. The amount of carbon monoxide generated was found to be much higher in FR-PVC decomposition than in NFR-8 due to incomp1ete combustion of FR-PVC which has high content of carbon in compound.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.140-144
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• 2017

Fire protection for nuclear power plants should be designed according to the concept of "Defense in Depth" to achieve the reactor safety shutdown. This concept focuses on fire prevention, fire suppression and safe shutdown. Fire prevention is the first line of "Defense in Depth" and the licensee should establish administrative measures to minimize the potential for fire to occur. Administrative measures should include procedures to control handling and use of combustibles. Electrical cables is the major contributor of fire loads in nuclear power plants, therefore electrical cables should be fire retardant. Electrical cables installed in nuclear power plants should pass the flame test in IEEE-383 standard in accordance with NUREG-0800, "Standard Review Plan for the Review of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants". To assure the fire retardant of electrical cables during design life, both aged and unaged cable specimens should be tested in accordance with IEEE-383. It can be generally thought that the flammability of electrical cables has been increased by wearing as time passed, however the results from fire retardant tests performed in U.S.A and Korea indicate the inconsistent tendency of aging and consequential decrease in flammability. In this study, it is expected that the effective methodology for validation of fire retardant performance would be identified through the review of the results from fire retardant tests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.39-43
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• 2013

The present study has been conducted to investigate the fire combustion properties and fire behavior of an IEEE-383 qualified flame retardant cable. The reference reaction rate and reference temperature which are commonly used in pyrolysis model of fire propagation process was obtained by the thermo-gravimetric analysis of the cable component materials. The mass fraction of FR-PVC sheath abruptly decreased near temperature range of $250{\sim}260^{\circ}C$ and its maximum reaction rate was about $2.58{\times}10^{-3}$[1/s]. For the XLPE insulation of the cable, the temperature causing maximum mass fraction change was ranged about $380{\sim}390^{\circ}C$ and it has reached to the maximum reaction rate of $5.10{\times}10^{-3}$[1/s]. The flame retardant cable was burned by a pilot flame meker buner and the burning behavior of the cable was observed during the fire test. Heat release rate of the flame retardant cable was measured by a laboratory scale oxygen consumption calorimeter and the mass loss rate of the cable was calculated by the measured cable mass during the burning test. The representative value of the effective heat of combustion was evaluated by the total released energy integrated by the measured heat release rate and burned mass. This study can contribute to study the electric cable fire and provide the pyrolysis properties for the computational modeling.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.63-68
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• 2010

Utility-Pipe Conduit is, Housing and city effectively accommodate what they absolutely need power, communications, gas, pipeline, water supply, drainage, energy facilities etc, according to expansion of urban infrastructure are derived, several ways to solve problems in, collection facilities in place are maintained and managed facility. If Utility-Pipe Conduit is damaged, as well as national security, because their impact on society as a whole, by introducing large vulnerability in the fire prevention activities and suppression measures and disaster for our situation by introducing measures, comprehensive analysis of the fire risk, it shall establish fire prevention activities and suppression through analysis of Utility-Pipe Conduit design, institutional issues, the problem of fire protection facilities, fire spread phenomenon etc. Because of Utility-Pipe Conduit is an enclosed place, so incomplete combustion due to lack of oxygen supply that there are problem such dark smoke, carbon monoxide etc, toxic combustion products and heat generation and visual impairment is an issue difficult to enter. As well as fire prevention activities, the fire In light of the particularity of the under ground than above ground fire, so this phenomenon is weak fire fighting that fire to become effective fire fighting tactics, basically it is necessary difficulty softening, non-burn softening and prevent combustion expansion of the cable is installed on the Utility-Pipe Conduit, having to considering the specificity of the response command system and relevant organizations to establish an on-site, Structural identification and other information gathering required to record of Response agencies, keep air conditioning system 24 hours and strengthening Virtual Total Training of Response agen