• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2007

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare GnRH antagonist and agonist flare-up treatment in the management of poor responder patients. Methods: One hundred forty-four patients from Jan. 1, 2002 to Aug. 31, 2005 undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment who responded poorly to the previous cycle (No. of oocyte retrieved$\leq$5) and had high early follicular phase follicle stimulating hormone (FSH>12 mIU/ml were selected. Seventy-five patients received agonist flare-up protocol and 71 patients received antagonist protocol. We analyzed the number of oocytes retrieved, number of good embryos (GI, GI-1), total dose of hMG administered, implantation rate, cycle cancellation rate, pregnancy rate, live birth rate. Results: The cancellation rate was high in antagonist protocol (53.5% vs. 30.1%). The number of oocyte retrieved, the number of good embyos were high in agonist flare-up group. There was no statistical difference between GnRH agonist flare up protocol and GnRH antagonist protocol in implantation rate (14.5%, 10.1%), clinical pregnancy rate per transfer (29.4%, 21.2%) and live birth rate per transfer (21.6%, 18.2%). Although the result was not statistically significant, GnRH agonist flare up group showed a nearly doubled pregnancy rate and live birth rate per initial cycle than GnRH antagonist group. Conclusions: The agonist flare-up protocol appears to be slightly more effective than the GnRH antagonist protocol in implantation rate, pregnancy rate, live birth rate but shows statistically no significance. Agonist flare-up protocol improved the ovarian response in poor responders. However, based of the result of the study, we can expect improved ovarian response in poor responders by GnRH agonist flare up protocol.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1407-1414
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• 2012

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is an effective regimen that has been found to prevent these diseases in postmenopausal women. However, HRT is accompanied by an increased risk of unfavorable outcomes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Eisenia Bicyclis extract on lipids in ovariectomized rats. Fifty 7-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham-operated rats (SHAM), ovariectomized rats (OVX-CON), and ovariectomized rats that were treated with Eisenia bicyclis extracts. The extract-treated diets were fed to the rats for 6 weeks after operation. Antioxidant effects were measured by DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract increased in a dose-dependent manner and was about 55.9% in a concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. We measured the total cholesterol content, triglyceride content, HDL-cholesterol content, LDL-cholesterol content, atherosclerotic index, cardiac risk factor in serum, and anti-platelet aggregation and blood rheology. The total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in serum increased for the OVX-control group, but supplementation with the E. bicyclis extract caused these factors to decrease. Notably, the serum LDL-cholesterol concentration in the OVX-EB200 group was significantly lower than the OVX-CON group. In addition, the blood passage times in rats that received the E. bicyclis extract were more rapid than the times in the untreated group (OVX-CON). Microscopic evaluation revealed that whole blood passed more smoothly through the microchannels in rats in the E. bicyclis extract supplement groups. Our results clarified the effects of E. bicyclis extract on serum lipid content in ovariectomized rats, and consequently we expect positive effects from providing E. bicyclis extract to postmenopausal women with cardiovascular disease.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.264-264
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• 2004

유전적으로 우수한 능력을 보유하거나 희소한 품종의 공란우로부터 짧은 기간 내에 다수의 수정란을 확보하는 것은 유전자원의 보존과 효과적으로 수정란이식을 수행하기 위해 매우 중요한 일이다. 일반적으로 공란우의 과배란처리는 발정발현후 9∼13일에 실시하므로 발정이 확인이 필수적이며, 반복 과배란처리는 난소반응을 저하시키므로 양질의 수정란 회수율이 낮아진다. 김 등(1997)은 한우의 반복 과배란처리간격을 41∼60일까지 실시하여도 양질의 수정란을 회수할 수 있었다고 했다. (중략)

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.88.2-89
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• 1999

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.258-261
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• 2011

An 8-year-old spayed female, Yorkshire terrier dog was presented with a urinary incontinence. Unaware urine dribbling during sleeping was observed eight months after spaying. Polyuria and polydipsia were also reported. Physical examination revealed obesity and hypertension. Characteristic laboratory findings in this dog were polycythemia, hyperlipidemia and elevated hepatic enzyme. Other causes of the urinary incontinence were ruled out through further diagnostic tests and spay-related urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) was made as a presumptive diagnosis. In addition, the dog was also diagnosed with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Both conditions can cause urinary incontinence in dogs; therefore, definite diagnosis was made through a therapeutic approach. The synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbesterol, was initially administered and successfully managed the urinary incontinence in this dog. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first case report describing the clinical and laboratory features of spay-related USMI concurrent with hyperadrenocorticism and treatment outcomes in our country.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1501-1508
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• 2013

This study investigated antioxidant activity and the lipid content of serum for the possible outcome of improving the activity of Ishige okamurae extracts in ovariectomized rats. The antioxidant effects of an Ishige okamurae water extract and an Ishige okamurae ethanol extract were measured by evaluating DPPH free radical scavenging activity and SOD-like activity. Fifty, seven-week old female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups as follows: sham-operated rats (SHAM), ovariectomized rats (OVX-CON), ovariectomized rats that were treated with 17-beta-estradiol (200 ${\mu}g/kg/day$), and ovariectomized rats that were treated with Ishige okamurae extracts (50 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day, respectively). The diets were fed to the rats for seven weeks after ovariectomy. The antioxidant activities of the water and ethanol extracts of Ishige okamurae increased in a dose-dependent manner, and the ethanol extract was found to be higher than the water extract. Therefore, we examined the effect of an Ishige okamurae ethanol extract on total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels, and anti-platelet aggregation. The total-cholesterol and triglyceride content of the serum increased in the OVX-CON group compared to the SHAM group, but supplementation with the Ishige okamurae ethanol extract caused these factors to decrease. Notably, the serum LDL-cholesterol concentration in the supplemented 200 mg/kg/day Ishige okamurae ethanol extract group was significantly more reduced than it was in the OVX-CON group. In addition, the platelet aggregation ability was lower in the groups treated with Ishige okamurae than it was in the OVX-CON group. According to these results, the effects of Ishige okamurae extract on serum lipid content in ovariectomized rats were illuminated.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2008

Purpose: We aimed to assess the role of positron emission tomography using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) in the diagnosis of recurrence or the assessment of therapeutic response in cervical and ovarian cancer patients through making a comparison between FDG-PET, abdominal computed tomography (CT) and serum tumor marker. Materials and methods: We included 103 cases (67 patients) performed FDG-PET and abdominal CT. There were 42 cervical cancers and 61 ovarian cancers. We retrospectively reviewed the interpretations of PET and CT images as well as the level of tumor marker. We calculated their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for these three modalities. And then we analyzed the differences between these three modalities. Results: Tumor recurrences were diagnosed in 37 cases (11 cervical cancers and 26 ovarian cancers). For PET, CT and tumor marker, in cervical cancer group, sensitivity was 100% (11/11), 54.5% (6/11) and 81.1% (9/11), respectively. And specificity was 93.6% (29/31), 93.6% (29/31) and 100% (31/31). In ovarian cancer group, sensitivity was 96.2% (25/26), 84.6% (22/26) and 80.8% (21/26), and specificity was 94.3% (33/35), 94.3% (33/35), 94.3% (33/35), PET was highly sensitive to detect the intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal metastasis with the help of the CT images to localize the lesions. However, CT had limitations in differentiation of the recurrent tumor from benign fibrotic tissue, identification of viable tumors at the interface of tissues, and detecting extraperitoneal lesions. Conclusion: FDG-PET can be an essential modality to detect the recurrent or residual tumors in gynecologic cancer patients because of its great field of the application and high sensitivity.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 1997

토끼에서는 수정란 이식과 같은 기본적인 번식공학적 방법의 효율성이 아직 생쥐와 같은 실험동물에 비해 떨어지고 있어 생물공학적인 기술을 응용하는데 큰 어려움이 있다. 특히 유전자 이식에 의한 형질전환 토끼의 생산과 같은 생물공학적인 기술을 실용화하는데 효율이 높은 수정란이식 기술의 개발이 필수적이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 토끼에서 수정란 이식 기술의 첫 단계인 과배란 유도를 효율적으로 이용할 수 있는 방법을 정립하기 위해 반복적인 과배란 유도가 배란율 및 수정란의 질적인 면과 양적인 면에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 연구방법으로는 FSH와 HCG를 사용하여 과배란을 유도하였고 2.5 개월의 반복처리간격으로 3번의 반복적인 과배란 처리를 한 후 반복처리에 따른 배란율과 배란된 난자의 형태학적 상태, 배양에 의한 발생 능력 상태 등을 감소하였으며 배란수의 변이도 커지는 경향을 나타내었다(첫번째, 32.6(+-)2.5; 두번째 28.7(+-)3.7; 세번째 20.99(+-)3.8). 제 2극체의 돌출, 전핵의 형성, cummulus cell의 존재등에 의한 회수된 난자의 형태학적 관찰에 의한 방법으로 난자를 분류한 결과 과배란의 반복수가 증가함에 따라 다양한 모양의 난자가 회수되어 배란이 광범위한 시간대에 일어나고 있음을 나타내었다. 또한 과배란의 반복적인 유도에 의해 난소의 혈포수는 증가하였으나 채란된 난자의 채외배양에 의한 발육율에는 차이가 없었다. 그러므로 과배란의 반복적인 유도는 공란토의 난소반응에는 영향을 미쳤으나 난자의 질에는 영향을 미치지 않았음을 나타낸다.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 1998

The present study was undertaken to compare the superovulatory response to single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of FSH dissolved in various solvents with standard multiple intramuscular (i.m.) injection. 1. Standing estrus was observed 100% in group 1 and 7 after the superovulation treatment. 2. Average numbers of total embryos and transferable embryos were significantly higher (p〈0.05) for group 1 and 7 (3.5, 2.9 and 3.8, 3.5) compared with another group. 3. Serum progesterone also was significantly higher(P〈0.05) in group 1 and 7 (6.19ng/ml, 7.54ng/m1) compared with another group. These data indicated that the single injection treatment using FSH diluted with PEG 30% was effective in superovulatory Korean cattle.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.337-343
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• 2014

Purpose : The aim of this study is to evaluate unwanted scattered dose to ovary by scattering and leakage generated from treatment fields of Tomotherapy for childbearing woman with breast cancer. Materials and Methods : The radiation treatments plans for left breast cancer were established using Tomotherapy planning system (Tomotherapy, Inc, USA). They were generated by using helical and direct Tomotherapy methods for comparison. The CT images for the planning were scanned with 2.5 mm slice thickness using anthropomorphic phantom (Alderson-Rando phantom, The Phantom Laboratory, USA). The measurement points for the ovary dose were determined at the points laterally 30 cm apart from mid-point of treatment field of the pelvis. The measurements were repeated five times and averaged using glass dosimeters (1.5 mm diameter and 12 mm of length) equipped with low-energy correction filter. The measures dose values were also converted to Organ Equivalent Dose (OED) by the linear exponential dose-response model. Results : Scattered doses of ovary which were measured based on two methods of Tomo helical and Tomo direct showed average of $64.94{\pm}0.84mGy$ and $37.64{\pm}1.20mGy$ in left ovary part and average of $64.38{\pm}1.85mGy$ and $32.96{\pm}1.11mGy$ in right ovary part. This showed when executing Tomotherapy, measured scattered dose of Tomo Helical method which has relatively greater monitor units (MUs) and longer irradiation time are approximately 1.8 times higher than Tomo direct method. Conclusion : Scattered dose of left and right ovary of childbearing women is lower than ICRP recommended does which is not seriously worried level against the infertility and secondary cancer occurrence. However, as breast cancer occurrence ages become younger in the future and radiation therapy using high-precision image guidance equipment like Tomotherapy is developed, clinical follow-up studies about the ovary dose of childbearing women patients would be more required.