• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.35
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• pp.7-42
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• 2012

The Ho-Rak controversy is an internal dispute in the Kiho School. Both Ho and Rak adopt the theories of Yulgok(栗谷) as their common standard of right arguments. The controversy continues almost two hundred years after the dispute between LEE Gan(李柬) and HAN Wonjin(韓元震). However, it does not develop rich theoretical resources. The fundamental issue of Ho-Rak controversy is how to define the relation of mind(心) and temper(氣質). Ho School regard temper as material of the mind, and so they insist that mind and temper are ultimately the same. But Rak School regard temper as desire of the body, and so they insist that mind and temper are the another one. The viewpoint of Rak School does not correspond to the view of the traditional Neo-confucianism. So we should understand that mind and temper are ultimately the same. However if we define that mind and temper are the same, and they act at the same time, then we can not insure the foundation of pure goodness in human mind. LEE Chulyoung(李喆榮) defines that mind and temper are ultimately the same, but they act alternately. It is the exact definition about the relation of mind and temper.