• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate perception of snack purchasing behaviors and labeling of foods and nutrition of the middle school students. The survey was conducted from 424 students who are boys and girls of middle school in Naju. Data were analyzed by a SPSS program. According to the survey, snack purchase place had a significant difference between gender(p<.05), and all of the boys and girls responded at a high rate that it's convenience store. Snack eating frequency had a significant difference between boys and girls(p<.05). Boys responded that they ate 1~2 times per a week the most, and girls responded that they ate 1~2 times per a month the most. As for snack purchasing behaviors, depending on gender, that of boys was 2.76 in average and that of girls was 2.87, lower than middle. The reason why students didn't check up food labeling, depending on gender and all of the boys and girls responded 'Expiration date' was first confirmed. As for the understanding of food expression, depending on snack expenses, the reason why food expression contents were hard showed a significant difference, depending on snack expenses(p<.05). As for the understanding of food expression, depending on snack purchase attitude, the students showed a significant difference, depending on snack purchase attitude(p<.001), and the lower the snack purchase attitude was, the less the students checked up snack expression. The reason why students checked up nutrition labeling a significant difference, depending on gender, snack expense and snack purchase attitude(p<.001). 'Weight management' was the highest. The recognition in the necessity of nutrition expression(p<.001) and the necessity of food/ nutrition education and publicity(p<.01) showed significant difference.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.249-259
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• 2009

The objective of this research was to find out the physical properties, such as dispersion and coagulation, of soil minerals depending on the types and concentrations of the cations in aqueous solution. Hwangto samples were obtained from 90 to 130 cm from surface at Jangdong-ri, Donggang-Myon, Naju, Chonnam Province. The clay fraction (< $2\;{\mu}m$) was separated by sedimentation method from the bulk soils. Both Hwangto and clay fractions, and the same samples after removal of amorphous and crystalline iron oxides were used in this experiment. The effect of 4 cations ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$) and their concentrations on settling speed and basal spacing of the minerals were observed to examine the physical properties of the soil and clay minerals. Hwangto mainly consisted of quartz, and the clay fractions consisted of kaolinite, illite, and vermiculite. The bulk soils contained 16.3 mg/kg of amorphous iron oxides and 436 mg/kg of crystalline iron oxides. Clay fractions were dispersed better than bulk soils due to their smaller particle size than that of the bulk samples in the aqueous solution. The bulk and clay samples were dispersed better when iron oxides were removed because of coating of minerals by the iron oxides. Clay minerals were settled faster as the charge and the concentration of cations added increased. The d-spacing of kaolinite and illite did not change when 4 types of cations were added. The d-spacing of vermiculite showed $14.04\;{\AA}$ when divalent cations were added while that of vermiculite showed $13.9\;{\AA}$ when monovalent cations were added. It may be attributed to the hydration radii of cations. This study indicated that both coating of iron oxides on minerals and types and concentrations of cations affect dispersion of minerals in solution and d-spacing of expanding clay minerals such as vermiculite.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.16 no.4 s.50
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• pp.411-427
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• 2006

This study aimed to recognize characteristics of groundwater flow in fractured bedrocks based on zonal pump-ing tests, slug tests, water quality logs and borehole TV camera logs conducted on two boreholes (NJ-11 and SJ-8) in the city of Naju. Especially, the zonal pumping tests using sin91e Packer were executed to reveal groundwater flow characteristics in the fractured bedrocks with depth. On borehole NJ-11, the zonal pumping tests resulted in a flow dimension of 1.6 with a packer depth of 56.9 meters. It also resulted in lower flow dimensions as moving to shallower packer depths, reaching a flow dimension of 1 at a 24 meter packer depth. This fact indicates that uniform permissive fractures take place in deeper zones at the borehole. On borehole SJ-8, a flow dimension of 1.7 was determined at the deepest packer level (50 m). Next, a dimension of 1.8 was obtained at 32 meters of packer depth, and lastly a dimension of 1.4 at 19 meters of packer depth. The variation of flow dimension with different packer depths is interpreted by the variability of permissive fractures with depth. Zonal pumping tests led to the utilization of the Moench (1984) dual-porosity model because hydraulic characteristics in the test holes were most suitable to the fractured bedrocks. Water quality logs displayed a tendency to increase geothermal temperature, to increase pH and to decrease dissolved oxygen. In addition, there was an increasing tendency towards electrical conductance and a decreasing tendency towards dissolved oxygen at most fracture zones.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.134-151
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• 2014

This paper deals with a review of the structure and production techniques of the Dried-lacquer Amitabha Buddha statue enshrined in Geungnakjeon Hall of Simhyangsa Temple, located in Daeho-dong, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea. To achieve this goal, X-ray date and two rounds of field research were performed. The data collected were reviewed, and a sample peeled off from the damaged part was analyzed to investigate the structure and material of the background layer. The results revealed that the Simhyangsa Temple Buddha statue was an almost empty Dried-lacquer(Hyeopjeo) Buddha statue where wood core had not been framed and inserted in the statue. It was thus observed that considering that the clothes wrinkles clearly remained, the same one as the irregularity of the outer clothes wrinkles, the Dried-lacquer layer was lifted made in an almost complete shape in the process of forming the clay figure as the origin form. The statue was found to be diagonally incised from the top of the head to the back of the neck to remove the clay and wood core. But in other sites, no incision was confirmed. It was observed that on the site of the head where the incision was made, an adhesives(lacquer or paste) was used. In addition, the black eyes were impacted with beads and the ears, hands, bands, and knots were made of wood. These features are identically shown in the Dried-lacquer Amitabha Buddha statue from Seonguksa Temple, known as a work of the late Goryeo dynasty; the Seated Dried-lacquer Buddha statue in Okura Museum of Art in Tokyo, Japan; the Seated Dried-lacquer Amitabha Buddha statue from Jungnimsa Temple, know as a work of the early Joseon dynasty; and the Seated Vairocana Buddha statue in Bulhoesa Temple, the Seated Dried-lacquer Amitabha Buddha and the Seated Dried-lacquer Buddha statue from Silsangsa Temple. The analysis of the back layer demonstrated that the ground layer and the red lacquer were the production of the time. In particular, the bone ash used for the ground layer was also coated for the ground layer of Buddha statues as well as for the production of the lacquerware during the Goryeo dynasty. It was also found that gold mending was conducted more than twice even in modern times and that the layer of the production time was well preserved despite gold mending several times.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2023

Over the last decade, avian influenza (AI) has been considered an emerging disease that would become the next pandemic, particularly in countries like South Korea, with continuous animal outbreaks. In this situation, risk assessment is highly needed to prevent and prepare for human infection with AI. Thus, we developed the risk assessment matrix for a high-risk area of human infection with AI in South Korea based on the notion that risk is the multiplication of hazards with vulnerability. This matrix consisted of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry farms and the number of poultry-associated production facilities assumed as hazards of avian influenza and vulnerability, respectively. The average number of HPAI in poultry farms at the 229-municipal level as the hazard axis of the matrix was predicted using a negative binomial regression with nationwide outbreaks data from 2003 to 2018. The two components of the matrix were classified into five groups using the K-means clustering algorithm and multiplied, consequently producing the area-specific risk level of human infection. As a result, Naju-si, Jeongeup-si, and Namwon-si were categorized as high-risk areas for human infection with AI. These findings would contribute to designing the policies for human infection to minimize socio-economic damages.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.504-510
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• 2016

This study was investigated to find the effects of sowing time on growth and yields of cowpea grown in a southern region of South Korea. Experiments were carried out in Naju, Jeonnam Province (Latitude 35° 04' N, Longitude 126° 54' E) during 2013 and 2014. The intermediate-erect type strains used in this study were Jeonnam1 and Jeonnam2 (Okdang). Sowing time was performed between middle-April and middle-August at intervals of one month. The days from sowing to emergence was significantly higher in the middle-April sowing (12 days) time but there was no significant differences other sowing dates (5 to 3 days). The days from sowing to first flowering were shorter for sowing dates between middle-April and middle-July because sowing time was delayed and then were lengthened again at middle-August sowing; the days were longest at middle-April sowing (around 62 days) and were shortest at middle-July sowing (35 days). The days from first flowering to harvesting were short for the sowing dates between middle-April and middle-July (17 to 15 days) but were relatively long for middle-August sowing date (24 days). Stem length was relatively long for the middle-May and middle-June sowing dates. Peduncle length was relatively long for the middle-April sowing date. Main-stem node number was highest for the middle-July sowing. Branch number per plant was highest in the middle-April sowing. Seed yields were highest for the middle-April sown Jeonnam1 and the Jeonnam2 (Okdang) strains showing, 199 and 211 kg/10a, respectively, and then followed by sowing in middle-July, 191 and 195 kg/10a, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.151-154
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity of introduced crimson clover cultivars at paddy field of Naju(Jeollanam-Do Agricultural Research and Extension) from 2004 to 2006. The crimson clover cultivars used in this study were 4 varieties('Oregon com.' 'Tibbee', 'Contea', 'Linkarus') The fastest flowering variety was chinese milk vetch, while 'Linkarus' was the latest one as of as 5th May. The average dry matter(DM) content was 24.3% and crude protein(CP) content was 14.9%. 'Oregon com.' showed the highest CP content of 18.3% among crimson clover and Chinese milk vetch showed the highest CP content by 19.3%. Average acid detergent fiber(ADF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and total digestible nutrient(TDN) content were 35.1%, 45.3% and 58.9%, respectively. With by the winter hardness the productivity of crimson clover cultivars were severely various. Linkarus showed the highest DM yield with 6,986kg/ha but the DM yield of 'Tibbee' and 'Oregon com.' was low by 3,639 kg/ha and 1,980kg/ha, respectively. The results of this experiments indicated that the productivity of crimson clover cultivar varied from winter hardness, therefore we will consider the winter hardness as major factor when introducing crimson clover cultivars into Korea. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that 'Linkarus' would be recommendable for fall sown crimson clover for dry matter production.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.196-204
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• 2019

Rice panicle blast occurred severely in southern provinces of Korea in 2014. The proportion of panicle blast incidence area to cultivated area of rice were 11.0% and 14.6% in Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do, respectively. To identify the causal factors of the outbreak, we investigated weather conditions in August, amount of cultivated area of mainly grown cultivars, and nitrogen contents in plants with different disease incidences in 2014. 'Saenuri,' 'Ilmibyeo,' 'Unkwang,' 'Dongjin 1 ho,' 'Nampyeongbyeo,' and 'Hwangkeumnuri' were mainly grown cultivars. Monthly average of daily air temperature in August 2014 was 3.2℃ and 3.1℃ less than 2018 in Haenam and Miryang, respectively. Rainfall in August 2014 was 70.0% and 42.0% greater than 2018 in Haenam and Miryang, respectively. The numbers of blast warning days in August calculated nationwide using a forecast model for blast infection were higher in 2014 than in 2018, and they were in high level throughout the country in 2014. Nitrogen contents in plant samples from high-incidence plots were significantly higher than those from low-incidence plots. Consequently, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers was the main factor for the disease outbreak at the level of specific farms, in addition to the collective cultivation of susceptible cultivar, low temperatures and frequent rainfalls in August.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.255-260
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• 2003

Recently, both climate change and unusual meteorological disasters are becoming a more frequent and serious threat to agricultural production. Destruction of the stabilizing base of agricultural productivity in Korea is a concern. This study provides basic information for stabilizing agricultural production by clarifying and analyzing the features of agro-meteorological disasters which have occurred recently in Korea. The occurrence of meteorological disasters has increased rapidly since the 1940s. A 19-fold increase in occurrence is noted over the past 60 years from 1941 to 2000. Meteorological disasters occurred mostly in August, then in July, and least often in October, In terms of regional occurrences, the frequency of meteorological disasters was the highest in Gangwon (751 times) and in Jeonnam (703 times) provinces, and the lowest in Jeju (459 times) province for the 97 years from 1904 to 2000. Agro-meteorological disasters which caused the most serious damage to cropland were rain storms and typhoons for the 10 years from 1991 to 2000, and they occurred 52 and 18 times during this period, respectively. Agro-meteorological disasters occurred mainly during the summer season (from June to September) when major crops are cultivated in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.236-246
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• 2016

Social enterprise is an organization which use business activities as a means to achieve of social purposes. It has grown sharply since 2007 in Korea. However, now it is time had to pursue qualitative growth through the development of specialized business model. This study aims to identify business components using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with experts and to develop a tailored business model for social enterprises in the fields of culture, performance, and the arts associated with the tourism based on regional demand within Gwangju. The analysis shows that job creation should be set as the main objectives to create value, and programs that offer hands-on experience with that fields can be the core competency. Cooperation among private corporations, local governments and agencies related to that fields is essential, as are programs provided through on- and off-line platforms. To develop a value proposition, customers must be segmented among a variety of the market participants.