• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2199-2206
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• 2014

This research, used an contrast agent, which weighs about 1mmol/mL, of twice as much amount of gadolinum, per unit, for the test of magnetic-resonance shoulder arthrography. the reasearch which was carried out from January, of the year 2012 to August of the year 2013. consisted, of target of 41, patients including 20 ones, of whom an original, contrast agent of amount of 0.5mmol/mL, 21, ones of whom, a new, of amount of 1mmol/mL was used on, were the test target, in order to figure out the differences, according to the amount of gadolinum, according to the test results, the SNR of the contrast agent, of amount of 1mmol/mL, which is of high amount of gadolinum, was noticeably higher than the one of amount of 0.5mmol/mL(the percentage of joint space 38.01%, the supraspinous muscle 8.40%, head of humerus 12.78%). and CNR of the contrast agent, of amount of 1mmol/mL, which is of high amount of gadolinum, was higher than the one of amount of 0.5mmol/mL(the percentage of joint space and supraspinous muscle 48.96%, the one of joint space and head of humerus 42.00%). In conclusion, one of the methods of increasing the reducing effect of T1, is to use contrast agent of amount of 1mmol/mL, in order to increase the reducing effect of T1, acquire the visual of high testing quality.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.2 s.85
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• pp.173-185
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• 2001

The orthodontic osseointegrated titanium implant, a kind of intraoral skeletal anchorage can be an alternative to tooth-borne anchorage, in case that the conventional tooth-borne anchorage is not available or the anchorage is critical. This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of early loading on the osseointegration of the orthodontic titanium implant and the healing process of the impaired bone at the site of implant after removing it. In two adult beagle dogs24 osseointegrated titanium implants were inserted into the alveolar bone, with 12 implants placed in each dog. In dog1, 6 out of 12 implants were loaded with 200-300gm of force immediately after placing, and the remaining 6 implants were not loaded for 4weeks. In dog2, all 12 implants had healing period of 4weeks, and then were loaded with 200-300gm of force for another 4weeks. Following an observation period of 4 and 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed. Then the implants and the surrounding bone of dog1 and dog2 were removed, respectively. Undecalcified sections along the long axis of implant were made and the degree of osseointegration was examined under the light microscope. The results were as follows. 1. In the histologic features of tissues around implants anchored in dog1, there was no difference between immediately loaded implants and unloaded implants. Immature woven bone was ingrowing into the thread spaces from the original compacta and in direct contact with the implant surface in part. 2. The premature loading just after 4weeks healing period did not halt the progress of the osseointegration between bone and implant surface. The woven bone around the implants was maturing into the lamellar bone which resembled the structure of the original compacta at the end of 8weeks observation period. 3. Most implants with the inflammed surrounding mucosa were lost or mobile. The mobile implants were encapsulated by fibrous connective tissue which separated the implant surface from the bone. 4. The impaired bone at the site of the implant failed to anchor was showing recovery without inflammatory reaction 2weeks after removing, with the immaure woven bone lined by active osteoblasts and osteoid. Based on the results of this study, the integration of this orthodontic implant seemed to be impaired by the inflammation of the tissue surrounding the Implant rather than by early loading on implant, and increased with time lapsed after placing the implant. The use of implant described in this report can be recommended as an orthodontic anchorage unit immediately after insertion under the careful control of orthodontic force applied and plaque.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2006

Purpose: This study presents 5 patients who had metallic anchor protrusion on glenoid after Bankart repair in anterior shoulder instability and reviewed the cause, clinical feature and arthroscopic removal technique. Method and Materials: 5 male with average age of 22 years (range 19 to 25 years) were included. 4 patients had arthroscopic Bankart repair and 1 patient had open repair for anterior shoulder instability. They had protruded metallic suture anchors on glenoid and the protruded suture anchors were removed arthroscopically using larger suture anchor empty inserter. Results: 4 patients had painful clicking sound with motion of abduction and external rotation and 1 patient showed shoulder instability. The ROM showed normal except mild degrees loss of external rotation. The position of protruded metallic anchor was 2, 3 and 5 O'clock in three patients and 4 O'clock in 2 patients. In 2 patients, the metallic suture anchor was malpositioned about 5mm off on the medial side from the anterior glenoid edge. All had Outerbrige classification Grade II-III chondral damage on humeral head and 1 patient showed glenoid cartilage destruction. None had shoulder instability after 2 years of follow-up. Constant score was 65 preoperatively and 89 postoperatively. ASES score was 67 preoperatively and 88 postoperatively. Conclusion: Symptoms of protruded suture anchor are not combined with instability. Most of symptoms were revealed from the rehabilitation period and confused with postoperative pain. Prompt diagnosis and early arthroscopic removal or impaction of protruded metallic suture anchor is recommended because of serious glenohumeral cartilage destruction. This is easy and simple and reproducible method to remove protruded metallic suture anchor arthroscopically.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 1999

For the purpose of utilization in 3-D conformal radiotherapy and whole body radiosurgery, the Whole Body 3-Dimensional Topographic Radiation Therapy System has been developed. Whole body frame was constructed in order to be installed on the couch. Radiopaque catheters were engraved on it for the dedicated coordinate system and a MeV-Green immobilizer was used for the patient setup by the help of side panels and plastic rods. By designing and constructing the whole body frame in this way, geometrical limitation to the gantry rotation in 3-D conformal radiotherapy could be minimized and problem which radiation transmission may be altered in particular incident angles was solved. By analyzing CT images containing information of patient setup with respect to the whole body frame, localization and coordination of the target is performed so that patient setup error may be eliminated between simulation and treatment. For the verification of setup, the change of patient positioning is detected and adjusted in order to minimize the setup error by means of comparison of the body outlines using 3 CCTV cameras. To enhance efficiency of treatment procedure, this work can be done in real time by watching the change of patient setup through the monitor. The method of image subtraction in IDL (Interactive Data Language) was used to visualize the change of patient setup. Rotating X-ray system was constructed for detecting target movement due to internal organ motion. Landmark screws were implanted either on the bones around target or inside target, and variation of target location with respect to markers may be visualized in order to minimize internal setup error through the anterior and the lateral image information taken from rotating X-ray system. For CT simulation, simulation software was developed using IDL on GUI(Graphic User Interface) basis for PC and includes functions of graphic handling, editing and data acquisition of images of internal organs as well as target for the preparation of treatment planning.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze temperature change along the implant-bone interface induced by grinding the occlusal surface of implant gold prosthesis and to compare the temperature generated by grinding of prosthesis with different cooling methods. Materials and methods: The experimental gold prostheses were fabricated with dental gold alloy and castable abutment. The prostheses had 3 cylindrical protrusions on the occlusal surface with 1mm in height. Temperature was measured using 16 thermocouple wires attached to the implant fixture surface and the fixture was embedded in an acrylic resin block inside the $37^{\circ}C$ water bath. Cylinders were grinded for a period of 30 second with a low-speed handpiece with green stone point. One cylindrical protrusion was grinded without cooling, the second one was grinded with air blow, and the third one was grinded with water-spray. Results: The mean maximum temperature was measured more than $47^{\circ}C$ of the implant and the maximum temperature was measured at the cervical portion of the implant in the group without cooling. There was statistically significant difference between the group without cooling and the groups with cooling (P<.05). However, there was no significant difference at all portion of implant in the groups with cooling (P>.05). Conclusion: The results of this study support that the grinding of implant gold prosthesis without cooling may damage the peri-implant tissue. The continuous use of air blow and water-spray adjacent to prosthesis during the grinding of implant gold prosthesis may prove to be beneficial for cooling of the implant.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical results of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and posterolateral structure (PLS) reconstruction using bilateral hamstring tendon autografts. Materials and Methods: From October 2002 to March 2004, ten patients were received PCL and PLS reconstruction simultaneously using bilateral hamstring autografts. PCL was reconstructed using ipsilateral hamstring tendon and fixed with cross pins and Intrafix (Mitek, Norwood, MA). PLS was reconstructed using contralateral hamstring tendon. The mean follow up was 17 months. Clinical assessments consisted of Lysholm knee scores, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) evaluation form and posterior stress radiographs. External rotation of tibia was evaluated at $30^{\circ}\;and\;90^{\circ}$ knee flexion using Noyes and Barber-Westin's classification. Contralateral harvest site morbity was evaluated using IKDC evaluation form and flexion power of the knee. Results: Mean posterior displacement of tibia using stress radiographs was improved from 13.3 mm to 3.7 mm. In tibial external rotation evaluation, 7 patients were functional, 2 patients were partially functional and one failure. The average Lysholm knee score improved from 54 preoperatively to 86 postoperatively. At the final IKDC evaluation, 8 patients were graded as nearly normal, 2 were graded as abnormal. In contralateral harvest site morbidity evaluation, 2 patients complained of numbness around the wound but negligible. Conclusion: PCL and PLS reconstruction using bilateral hamstring autografts was considered as a good treatment method with minimal contralateral harvest site morbidity.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.195-199
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• 2002

This article is to report a new technique for reconstruction of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of anterior cruciate ligament by separate tensioning and fixation of the each bundle. Method : Tibial and femoral tunnels were made with conventional technique of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Tibial tunnel was enlarged $5\~7$ mm in anterior-posterior direction to make oval it in cross section. When preparing the Achilles tendon allograft, bone plug portion was trimmed as the conventional technique. The tendinous portion was trimmed as two separate bundles by dividing the tendinous portion longitudinally, so the graft is shaped like 'Y'. The bone plug portion of allograft was inserted into the femoral tunnel and fixed with absorbable cross pins. Two ligamentous portionss of the distal part of the grafts were tensioned separately at the external orifice. Anteromedial bundle was fastened under maximum tension with the knee flexed 90 degrees by post-tie method. The posterolateral bundle was fixed by the same technique with the knee in full extension. Then, an absorbable interference screw was inserted between the two bundles upto the upper end of the tibial tunnel, to get more initial rigidity of the reconstructed graft as well as to locate the two bundles in more anatomic position.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 2018

This study was carried out to enhance the competitiveness of blackbox design for domestic and international companies, based on the explosive growth of the blackbox market due to development of blackbox design for vehicle accident prevention and post-treatment. In the past, the blackbox market has produced products indiscriminately to meet the ever-increasing demand of consumers. Therefore, we thought a new design method was necessary to effectively investigate the needs of rapidly changing consumers. In this study, we aimed to identify the best-selling blackbox to understand the design flow, and the optimum area for a blackbox, considering the uniqueness of associated vehicle. Based on discussion with blackbox design experts, we studied the direction of design and the problems with blackbox use, which were reflected in blackbox development. Through this research, two types of design - leading blackbox (A type) and mass production blackbox (B type) - were proposed for compatibility of the blackbox with the car. The leading type of blackbox was positioned so that it was wrapped with the room mirror hinge before the screw was fastened, in order to achieve an integrated design. Therefore, we designed an integrated form and resolved the placement problem of an adhesive blackbox. To blend, the mass production blackbox implemented material and surface processing in the same way with the car, and adopted the slide structure to automatically turn off the main body power when removing the SDcard, reflecting consumer needs. This study considers evolving consumer needs through a case study and collective intelligence and deals with implementation of the whole design process during mass production. In this study, we aimed to strengthen the competitiveness of the blackbox design based on design method and its realization.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3734-3740
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• 2014

The aim of this study was provide basic information and establish the criteria in radiation therapy planning by measuring the absorbed neutron dose of normal tissues and lesions according to the number of portals. From September 2013 to January 2014, 20 patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer and were previously treated with radiation therapy were replanned retrospectively to measure the absorbed neutron dose distribution according to the number of portals. The absorbed neutron dose was measured in each of the 5, 7 and 9 portals using a 15 MV energy, which meant a therapeutic dose of 220 cGy. The optical stimulation luminescence dosimeter was separated by 20cm and 60cm away from the center of the field of view. As a result, the average radiation dose in the abdomen appeared to have a positive relationship with the number of portals, which was statistically significant (p<.05). The average radiation dose was $4.34{\pm}1.08$. The average radiation dose in the thyroid was $2.71{\pm}.37$. Although it showed a positive relationship with the number of portals, it did not have statistical significance. The number of portals and the neutron dose depending on the position showed a significant positive relationship, particularly in the abdomen. As a result of linear regression analysis, as the number of the portal increased in steps, the average volume of the neutrons increased significantly (0.416 times). In conclusion, efficient selection of the number of portals is needed considering the difference in the absorbed neutron dose in the normal tissues depending on the number of the portals.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of rhPMP-2 coated implants on alveolar ridge augmentation in dogs. Materials and methods: Six Beagle dogs were used in this study. Six 8.0 mm long anodized surface titanium implants were placed 5 mm into the mandibular alveolar ridge following 6 month of healing period after extraction. Each animal received three implants coated with rhBMP-2 and three uncoated control implants using the randomized split-mouth design. Radiographic examinations were undertaken immediately at implant placement (baseline), at weeks 4 and 8 after implant placement. The amount of bone augmentation was evaluated by measuring the distance from the uppermost point of the coverscrew to the marginal bone. Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) values were measured immediately at implant placement and 8 weeks after implant placement. For the statistical analysis, Man-Whitney ranksum test and Wilcoxon signed rank test of SPSS 12.0 software were used (P=.05). Results: The BMP group exhibited radiographic vertical bone augmentation about $0.6{\pm}0.7$ mm at 8 weeks later while controls showed bone loss about $0.4{\pm}0.6$ mm. There was significant difference among the rhBMP-2 group and controls in bone level change (P<.05). The ISQ values were significantly higher in the BMP-2 group than the control group at 8 weeks later (P<.05), while there was no significant difference at surgery. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, the rhBMP-2 coated on anodized implant could stimulate vertical alveolar bone augmentation, which may increase implant stability significantly on completely healed alveolar ridge.