• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.134-151
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• 2011

The types of gnamma at the summit area of Mt. Geum, Sangju-ri, Namhae-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do are classified and geomorphic developments are investigated. The rocks facing the coast show high distributional density of gnamma due to the salt supply from the coast. The water content rate of gnamma distributed in flat rocks at the summit is highest in the bottom area and lowest in the outside area. Moreover, the quartz grains are fallen due to the weathering of feldspar in the crystalline rocks such as granites and the gnamma are merged and expanded as they develop. The average weathering rate of gnamma is 0.04mm/y and it slowed with time. The results on rate indicate that the gnamma are formed and developed at the present rather than the fossil landform or by subsurface weathering.

• 보건세계
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.10-13
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• 2011

• Product Safety
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• s.259
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• pp.36-37
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• 2015

• Environmental engineer
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• s.91
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• pp.12-13
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• 1994

• Environmental engineer
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• s.146
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• pp.30-32
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• 1998

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.37-50
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• 2013

This study analyzes results of published studies of weathering pits in Korea focusing on tafoni and gnamma and it suggests new types of weathering pits and next subjects through the analysis. 34 papers, published between 1978 and February 2012, have been analyzed and the following are details of the analysis. In terms of the study results, weathering pits are commonly developed on coarse-grained rocks such as granite, but also found on various rocks. Multiple reasons including mechanical, chemical and salt weathering create weathering pits and they are closely related to the geological structure. Weathering pits are classified as tafoni and gnamma but the forms have not been verified. In the future, quantitative analysis must be conducted find the factors influencing creation, forms and development of weathering pits.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.12 s.391
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• pp.30-31
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• 2001

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.119-131
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• 2017

Typical weathering landforms and phenomena including tafoni and gnamma are usually interpreted as man-made alteo (praying water bowl) or dragon-alteo by folklore researchers. Despite some terminological ambiguity, they are certainly natural weathering pits and are introduced in our discipline for fifty years, however, unfortunately most of them are interpreted as petroglyphs used and prepared for ritual ceremony. Several seemingly artificially-made rock holes are also found in many places, but most of them are weathered landforms by salt weathering. Author believes that communication effort to use common language and publish more researches in interdisciplinary journals are very essential to propagate scientific achievements made by geomorphologists to other discipline. Also geomorphologists specialized in weathering processes are encouraged to participate in preservation of stone artifacts and archaeological remains.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.211-221
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• 2009

This study illustrates the relationship between the petrographic characteristics of micrographic granite and the topographic features around Ijin-ri. Light-brown to light- gray granite is composed of intergrown fine-grained quartz + orthoclase, displaying micrographic textures. Miarolitic cavities are abundant. Many micro-landforms including tor, tafoni, and gnamma occurred in the micrographic granite of the study area. Tafoni is dominant in the north and gnamma is dominant in south. From our study of the occurrence and textural properties, two alteration zones were clearly identified; one is an external zone (A) characterized by abundant of small sized miarolitic cavities and the other is an internal zone (B) having them less than zone A. The former is dominant in north, and the latter is dominant in south. Particular geomorphologic features such as fluting cores and raised rims are present in the Ijin-ri area. This suggests that development of miarolitic cavities played an important role in the formation of the various geomorphologic features. Consequently, the petrogenesis of the micrographic granite is related to geomorphologic features in the external zone typified by abundant tafoni such as the tiger rock, and the formation of a platform as micro-landforms is influenced by thetextural differences of host rock in the internal zone.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.84-87
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• 1980

우리나라에서도 뒤늦게 나마 (79년대중반) 방위산업과 관선하여 도입한 NC 시스템이 초기의 제반 어려움을 딛고 그 타당성 인정되고 보편화되었음은 다행스러운 일이 아닐수 있다. 더구나 일부 업체, 연구기관에서 악조건을 무릅쓰고 국산화에 노력하고 있음은 매우 반가운 일이다. 보 고에서는 NC 공작기계의 발전현황 및 추세를 살펴보고자 하며 내용은 근간 해외기술잡지를 참 고하였다.