• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.82-88
• /
• 2017

Transgenic lily plants have been obtained after particle bombardment, using PDS-1000/He system and scale explants of lilies, followed by PPT (D-L-phosphinothricin) selection. In this study, scales of the lily plants cv. 'red flame' were bombarded with a plasmid containing the bar gene as a selectable marker, and the AtSIZ gene as a gene of interest, showing salt tolerance and drought tolerance respectively, and both being driven by the CaMV 35S promoter. For optimization of a protocol, factors which optimized and showed a high transformation efficiency under following conditions, were considered: a bombardment pressure of 1100 psi, a target distance of 6 cm and $1.0{\mu}m$ of gold particle, and 24-h pre-culture and post-culture on MS medium containing 0.2 M sorbitol and 0.2 M mannitol as osmoticum agents. After bombardment, all the bombarded scales of lily were transferred to MS medium without selective agents, for a week. Subsequently, these bombarded scales were transferred to a selection MS medium containing 10 mg/l PPT, and incubated for a month for further selection, after which they were cultured for another 4-8 weeks with a 4-week subculture regime on the same selection medium. After transferring into hormone-free MS medium, the PPT-resistant scales with shoots were successfully rooted and regenerated into plantlets. PCR analysis revealed that the surviving putatively transformed plantlets indicated the presence of both the bar gene and the AtSIZ gene. In conclusion, when 100 scales of lily cv. Red flame are bombarded, this study produced approximately 17-18 transgenic plantlets with an optimized bombardment protocol. The protocol described here can contribute to the breeding program of lilies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.102 no.1
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2013

Optimal condition for pollen germination was suggested as a basic research of flowering physiology in order to identify the characteristics of flowering and seed setting of rare and endangered Forsythia saxatilis Nakai. Pollen samples were collected during flowering time from the end of March to the beginning of April. First, a suitable germination temperature, medium sucrose concentration and germination time were determined for pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in vitro, and then an optimal pH of culture medium. Pollen germination and tube elongation were significantly different among the levels of germination temperature, sucrose concentration and germination time. Interactive effects were observed between germination temperature and time, germination temperature and sucrose concentration, germination time and sucrose concentration. Pollen germination was the highest at $10^{\circ}C$ and increased with the increase of sucrose concentration, whereas it had no relation with germination time. In addition, pollen germination and tube elongation did not increase at more than 15% of sucrose concentration and 24 hours later. Pollen germination was the highest at pH 5 (20.8%) and the lowest at pH 6 (3.8%). In conclusion, $10^{\circ}C$, 15% sucrose and pH 5 were proposed as the optimal condition for pollen germination 24 hours later of pollen culture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.102 no.3
• /
• pp.372-381
• /
• 2013

The leaf growth and physiological characteristics of Forsythia saxatilis were investigated under different relative light intensities (RLI) and fertilization levels in order to find out the optimum environmental conditions for in-situ restoration. RLI and fertilization were four levels (30%, 43%, 63% of full sun and full sun) and three levels (non-fertilization, 2 times and 3 times of average forest soil in Korea), respectively. According to the increase of fertilization level under all RLI, leaf area increased and leaf dry weight and the ratio of leaf dry weight to leaf area decreased. As the fertilization level increased, photosynthetic pigment contents such as chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid under all RLI decreased. And pigment contents were the highest under full sun in the same fertilization level. Foliar nitrogen content under fertilization was higher than that under non-fertilization, and chlorophyll/nitrogen ratio decreased with the increase of fertilization level under all RLI. The increase of photosynthetic rate was observed with the increase of fertilization level at 63% of RLI and full sun, and dark respiration rate under fertilization was lower than under non-fertilization. Apparent quantum yield was lower at non-fertilization than that of fertilization, and it was highest at 63% of RLI under the same fertilization level. In conclusion, leaf growth and physiological characteristics of F. saxatilis could be improved under higher light conditions and fertilization.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.517-524
• /
• 2015

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the protective effects of Angelica keiskei juice and Oenanthe javanica juice against oxidative damage in LLC-$PK_1$ renal epithelial cells and to evaluate their free radical-scavenging activities. Both A. keiskei juice and O. javanica juice showed a strong in vitro antioxidant activities such as ${\alpha}$, ${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), $O_2{^-}$, and ${\cdot}OH$ radical-scavenging activities. The LLC-$PK_1$ cells showed significant lipid peroxidation and cell death due to oxidative stress when it was induced by 2, 2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), pyrogallol, and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1). Treatment with both A. keiskei juice and O. javanica juice significantly increased cell viability and inhibited lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that A. keiskei juice and O. javanica juice are potential natural antioxidants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.52-55
• /
• 2018

An unrecorded alien species plant, Phalaris paradoxa L. (Poaceae) was found in Andeok-myeon, Seogwipo-si, Jeju island, Korea. It is native to the Mediterranean region of Europe, and it is currently found worldwide. Phalaris paradoxa is distinguishable from related taxa (P. arundinacea, P. canariensis, P. minor and P. arundinacea var. picta) in Korea by the following combination of characterstics: spikelets in clusters (the upper central fertile spikelet surrounded by six lower sterile spikelets), wing of the keel. This taxon was named 'Nal-gae-ca-na-ri-sae-pul' in Korean based on its character. We provide its description, illustrations, photographs and a key of related taxa in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.215-220
• /
• 1974

The sand-eel, Ammedytes Personatus is a commercially important fish abounantly found in west and east coast of Korea. Samples were collected from the Baegryeong Island (Yellow Sea), Geoje Island(southern coast) and Jumunjin (East Sea) from May 1973 to December 1974. In this paper the author dealt with some biological point of the fish, especially the relationship between total length ang body weight, and the major spawning season and sex ratio. 1. The major spawning season was confined to the end of November and the end of December at Jumunjin. 2. The sex ratio (male/female) is 0.75 before the main spawning season and increases up to 1.36 after spawning at Jumunjin in 1974. 3. The relationship between the total length (L) and body weight (In were represented as follows: $W=0.0001906L^{3.1998319}$ for the sample from Baegryeong Is. $W=0.0003419L^{3.0213438}$ for the sample from Geoje Is. $W=0.0002655L^{3.1408629}$ for the sample from Jumunjin.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.46-50
• /
• 2017

The genus Lilium comprises about 100 species and is a major element of the family Liliaceae in temperate region of North Hemisphere. In the light of recent studies on the genus, we tried to examine the taxonomy of three Korean species (L. hansonii, L. tsingtauense, and L. distichum) belonging to section Martagon. The four available chloroplast regions (rbcL, matK, ndhF, and atpB) in Lilium species were selected and analyzed for a maximum likelihood phylogeny. As a results, three Korean species of section Martagon formed a monophyletic group. However, they nested within paraphyletic section Sinomartagon. Further, the discussions on taxonomic affinities of Korean species have made based on comparison between topology of phylogenetic tree and morphology.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.107-123
• /
• 2004

The vascular plants of Mt. Deog-yu area in the Baekdudaegan were recorded as 411 taxa; 91 families, 243 genera, 353 species, 53 varieties and 5 forma. From the floristic point of view, the Baekdudaegan, a main mountain range of the Korean peninsula, in the region of Mt. Deog-yu, belongs to the southern province in Korea, as the species like Cephalotaxus koreana, Lindera obtusiloba, Ilex macropoda and Stewartia koreana. are ranged in this region. But the species of the Northern element such as Betula costata, Betula ermani, Heloniopsis orientalis and Disporum ovale are also recorded in the region. Above the sea level from 1,000m, many sub alpine plant species are recorded. Rare and endangered plant species which are categorized by the Office of Forestry were 10 species such as Lilium cernum, Paeonia obovata, Abies koreana, Disporum ovale, Lilium distichum, Tricyrtis dilatata, Clematis chiisanensis, Bupleurum euphorbioides, Rhododendron schonoskii and Iris ensata var. spontanea. The protected plant species which are categorized by the Ministry of Environment were recorded only Lilium cernum. The Korean endemic plant species were recorded as 22 taxa; 12 families, 21 genera, 20 species 1 varieties, and 1 forma. Among them the plant species such as Cephalotaxus koreana, Abies koreana, Hosta capitata, Polygonatum lasianthum var. coreanum and Tricyrtis dilatata are representative ones in the region.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.308-315
• /
• 2009

The activities of flower color biosynthesis-controlling enzymes, flavonoid 3'hydroxy lase (F3'H) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), were analyzed in Llium longijlorum and 11 lily cultivars using biochemical and enzymological methods. Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) product was synthesized by F3'H using dihydrokaempferol (DHK) as a substrate in Lilium longiflorum. F3'H activity was also detected in the eight cultivars tested. The substrate-specific activity of F3'H was observed because eridictiol (ERI), which uses naringenin (NAR) as a substrate, was not detected in the tested cultivars. Leucocyanidin (LCy) product was synthesized by DFR using DHQ as a substrate in Lilium longiflorum. DFR activity was also detected in 'Le Reve', 'Montreux', 'Monte Negro', 'Etude', 'Acapulco', and 'Star Gazer', but not in 'Siberia', 'Royal Race', 'Nove Cento', 'Elite', and 'Cannes'. Substrate-specific activity of DFR was observed because leucopelargonidin (LPg), which uses DHK as a substrate, was not detected in the tested cultivars.

• 산림경영
• /
• s.188
• /
• pp.46-47
• /
• 2008