• Title/Summary/Keyword: 나노 금형

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Controlled Surface Functionalities of metals using Femtosecond Laser-induced Nano- and Micro-scale Surface Structures (펨토초 레이저 유도 나노 및 마이크로 구조물을 활용한 금속 표면 기능성 제어)

  • Taehoon Park;Hyo Soo Lee;Hai Joong Lee;Taek Yong Hwang
    • Design & Manufacturing
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.55-61
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    • 2023
  • With femtosecond (fs) laser pulse irradiation on metals, various types of nano- and micro-scale structures can be naturally induced at the surface through laser-matter interaction. Two notable structures are laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) and cone/spike structures, which are known to significantly modify the optical and physical properties of metal surfaces. In this work, we irradiate fs laser pulses onto various types of metals, cold-rolled steel, pickled & oiled steel, Fe-18Cr-8Ni alloy, Zn-Mg-Al alloy coated steel, and pure Cu which can be useful for precise molding and imprinting processes, and adjust the morphological profiles of LIPSSs and cone/spike structures for clear structural coloration and a larger range of surface wettability control, respectively, by changing the fluence of laser and the speed of raster scan. The periods of LIPSSs on metals used in our experiments are nearly independent of laser fluence. Accordingly, the structural coloration of the surface with LIPSSs can be optimized with the morphological profile of LIPSSs, controlled only by the speed of the raster scan once the laser fluence is determined for each metal sample. However, different from LIPSSs, we demonstrate that the morphological profiles of the cone/spike structures, including their size, shape, and density, can be manipulated with both the laser fluence and the raster scan speed to increase a change in the contact angle. By injection molding and imprinting processes, it is expected that fs laser-induced surface structures on metals can be replicated to the plastic surfaces and potentially beneficial to control the optical and wetting properties of the surface of injection molded and imprinted products.

Effects of the mold surface heating methods for the DVD stamper with nano pattern on the transcription of the injection molded parts using COC and PMMA plastics (나노패턴을 갖는 DVD용 스템퍼의 표면가열방식이 COC, PMMA 수지를 이용한 사출성형품의 전사성에 미치는 영향)

  • 김동학;유홍진;김태완
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.218-222
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    • 2004
  • We developed the stamper structured mold with moving core type with nano pattern. Among the factors affecting the quality of injection molding plastic parts, We studied the effects of moving core surface heating method on the transcription of injection molding plastic parts with nano structures. Moving core surface heating has been tested by three different methods. The first was conventional injection molding process without heating moving core surface, the second was halogen lamp radiation heating process and the last was MmSH process using gas flame. As a result of making injection molded parts by using thermoplastic amorphous resins such as COC, PMMA, MmSH method which is the most high temperature of moving core surface showed the best nano pattern transcription of the three methods, but the outcome of conventional injection molding process was not better than others.

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Improvement in Mechanical and Wear Properties of WC-Co by Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification Technique (초음파나노표면개질 기술을 적용한 초경의 기계적특성 및 마모 연구)

  • Lee, Seung-Chul;Kim, Jun-Hyong;Choi, Gab-Su;Jang, Young-Do;Amanov, Auezhan;Pyun, Young-Sik
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.56-61
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    • 2015
  • In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of an ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technique on the mechanical and wear properties of tungsten carbide (WC). The UNSM technique is a newly developed surface modification technique that increases the mechanical properties of materials by severe plastic deformation. The objective of this study was to improve the wear resistance of press die made of WC by applying the UNSM technique. We observed the microstructures of the untreated and UNSM-treated specimens using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to investigate the chemical composition. The SEM observations showed the pore size and the number of pores decreased after the UNSM treatment. We assessed the wear behavior of both the untreated and UNSM-treated specimens using a scratch test. The test results showed that the wear resistance of the UNSM-treated specimens increased by about 46% compared with the untreated specimens. This may be attributed to increased hardness, reduced surface roughness, induced compressive residual stress, and refined grain size following the application of the UNSM technique. In addition, we found that the UNSM treatment increased the carbon concentration to 63% from 33%. We expect that implementing the findings of this study will lead to an increase in the life of press dies.

Powder Sintering Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced SKD11 Tool Steel Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering (방전플라즈마 소결법으로 제조된 탄소나노튜브 강화 SKD11 금형강의 분말소결 특성)

  • Moon, Je-Se;Jung, Sung-Sil;Lee, Dae-Yeol;Jeong, Young-Keun;Kang, Myung Chang;Park, Chun-Dal;Youn, Kook-Tae
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.157-162
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    • 2015
  • SKD11(ASTM D2) tool steel is a versatile high-carbon, high-chromium, air-hardening tool steel that is characterized by a relatively high attainable hardness and numerous, large, chromium rich alloy carbide in the microstructure. SKD11 tool steel provides an effective combination of wear resistance and toughness, tool performance, price, and a wide variety of product forms. Adding of CNTs increased the performance of mechanical properties more. 1, 3 vol.% CNTs was dispersed in SKD11 matrix by mechanical alloying. SKD11 carbon nanocomposite powder was sintered by spark plasma sintering process. FE-SEM, HR-TEM and Raman analysis were carried out SKD11 carbon nanocomposites.

Investigation of Nanopore Shape Formed on an Aluminum Roll Mold with Various Anodizing Conditions (다양한 양극산화 공정조건에 따른 롤 금형 표면에 형성되는 나노포어 형상에 대한 연구)

  • Ryu, In Gon;Han, Eui Don;Kim, Byeong Hee;Seo, Young Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.166-171
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    • 2017
  • This study analyzes the effect of anodizing conditions on nanopore formation on a cylindrical aluminum roll. In general, a nanopore is formed at the center of a concave base-pattern. Occasionally, multiple nanopores are formed on a single base-pattern. However, to control the diameter and interpore distance precisely, single nanopores are required. In this study, the ratio of the number of single nanopores to the total number of nanopores was investigated by varying anodizing conditions such as electrode area, electrolyte concentration, and rotation speed of the roll mold. The areal ratio of the counter-electrode to the working electrode (aluminum), electrolyte concentration, and the roll-mold rotation speed were varied from 0.4% to 42%, 0.07 M to 0.3 M, and 5 rpm to 75 rpm, respectively. The experimental results showed that the single-nanopore ratio increased with increasing counter-electrode area and electrolyte concentration. However, the rotation speed had no significant effect on nanopore shape.

CVD공정에 의해 증착된 DLC (Diamond-like Carbon) 박막의 질화층 형성에 따른 밀착력 특성 연구

  • Park, Min-Seok;Kim, Wang-Ryeol;Sin, Chang-Seok;Jeong, U-Chang;Jin, In-Tae
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2012.02a
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    • pp.303-303
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    • 2012
  • Diamond-like carbon (DLC)은 낮은 마찰력과 높은 내마모성 및 내식성등과 같은 우수한 물성을 가지고 있다. 따라서, DLC 박막은 다양한 응용분야에 적용이 가능한 코팅이다. 특히, DLC 박막의 낮은 마찰력과 고경도 특성은 자동차 산업 및 금형과 같은 저마찰 및 내마모성 향상에 기여할 수 있는 매력적인 박막 코팅으로 각광받고 있다. 그러나 DLC 박막의 높은 잔류응력과 다른 기판의 화학적 친화력을 감소시키는 탄소-탄소 결합의 불안정성 때문에 금속소재와의 낮은 접합력으로 인하여 그 응용에 어려움을 격고 있다. DLC 박막의 접합력 향상을 위하여 모재에 활성 스크린 플라즈마 질화 장비를 사용하여 금속 시편에 질화처리를 하였다. 질화처리후 CVD법으로 DLC 박막을 증착하였으며, 박막의 특성은 나노 인덴테이션, 마이크로 라만 스펙트로스코피 그리고 주사전자현미경에 의해 측정되었다. 활성 스크린 질화 장비에 의해 처리된 시편의 특성변화는 GDS, XRD 및 마이크로 비커스 경도계를 이용하여 관찰하였다. 박막과 모재와의 밀착력은 스크래치 테스트에 의해 측정 하였으며, 질화층이 형성됨으로 인해 모재의 상구조와 경도의 변화가 생겼고, 이로 인해 DLC박막과 모재의 밀착력이 상승하였음을 알 수 있었다.

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Manufacturing process of micro-nano structure for super hydrophobic surface (초발수 표면을 만들기 위한 마이크로-나노 몰드 제작 공정)

  • Lim, Dong-Wook;Park, Kyu-Bag;Park, Jung-Rae;Ko, Kang-Ho;Lee, Jeong-woo;Kim, Ji-Hun
    • Design & Manufacturing
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.57-64
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    • 2021
  • In recent materials industry, researches on the technology to manufacture super hydrophobic surface by effectively controlling the wettability of solid surface are expanding. Research on the fabrication of super hydrophobic surface has been studied not only for basic research but also for self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-friction, flow resistance reduction in construction, textile, communication, military and aviation fields. A super hydrophobic surface is defined as a surface having a water droplet contact angle of 150 ° or more. The contact angle is determined by the surface energy and is influenced not only by the chemical properties of the surface but also by the rough structure. In this paper, maskless lithography using DMD, electro etching, anodizing and hot embossing are used to make the polymer resin PMMA surface super hydrophobic. In the fabrication of microstructure, DMDs are limited by the spacing of microstructure due to the structural limitations of the mirrors. In order to overcome this, maskless lithography using a transfer mechanism was used in this paper. In this paper, a super hydrophobic surface with micro and nano composite structure was fabricated. And the wettability characteristics of the micro pattern surface were analyzed.

FeO, $TiH_2$, Carbon 원료분말을 이용한 Fe-TiC 나노 복합분말 제조 및 소결

  • An, Gi-Bong;Kim, Ji-Sun
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2011.10a
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    • pp.26-26
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    • 2011
  • Fe계 TiC 합금은 미량의 합금원소를 첨가시켜 경화능, 내식성, 내마모성 성질을 개선한 특수 공구용 재료로서 현재 절삭, 내마모성, 광산, 금형재료 등의 분야에 널리 사용되고 있다. 금속과 세라믹의 복합재료인 초경합금은 비열처리용 공구강으로 WC, TiC 등의 4, 5, 6족 금속탄화물에 Co, Ni, Fe등의 철족이 결합금속으로 소결한 복합재료로 WC-Co계 초경합금이 주종을 이루고 있으나, 전략 소재로서 고가인 Co 원료를 대체하기 위한 재료로서 초경재료의 고경도와 공구강의 경제성 및 가공성의 장점을 이용한 Fe-TiC계 초경합금의 연구가 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Fe기지에 서브마이크론 크기의 미세한 TiC 입자가 균일하게 분산된 Fe-TiC 복합분말을 경제적으로 제조하기 위해 순수한 Fe, Ti 원료분말에 비해 단가가 낮고 미세 분쇄가 용이한 FeO, $TiH_2$ 분말을 고에너지 밀링 후 반응 열처리 시키는 유사 기계화학적 공정을 시도하였다. 조성비 Fe-30wt%TiC 복합분말을 제조하기위해 마이크론(micron) 크기의 FeO, $TiH_2$, C 분말을 사용하였고, 1단계로 FeO와 C을 고에너지 밀링으로 혼합 후 반응시켜 환원시키는 공정과 2단계로 이렇게 환원된 분말과 TiH2를 고에너지 밀링으로 다시 혼합, 분쇄한 후 반응열처리 하는 두 단계 공정을 사용하였다. FeO의 환원 단계에서는 $700{\sim}1,000^{\circ}C$ 온도 범위에서 1시간 유지하였고, 고에너지 밀링 시 밀링시간, 회전속도를 변수로 두고 실험하였다. 환원된 분말은 수평관상로를 이용해 아르곤분위기에서 $1,000{\sim}1300^{\circ}C$까지 1시간 유지하여 반응열처리시켜 Fe-TiC 복합분말을 제조하였다. 준비된 복합분말을 XRD와 FE-SEM, EDS, 입도분석기 (LPSA) 등을 이용해 분말의 형태와 특성, 상, 조성, 입도, 분산도 등을 조사하였다. 제조된 Fe-TiC 나노복합분말을 방전플라즈마소결(SPS) 과 상압소결 실험을 진행하였다. Fe-TiC 복합분말 제조공정의 첫 번째 단계인 FeO의 환원반응은 $800^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서 Fe로 환원이 진행됨을 확인하였다. 두 번째 단계인 반응열처리공정에서는 $1,000^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 TiC가 형성됨을 XRD 상분석을 통해 확인할 수 있었고, $1,100^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 반응열처리를 했을 때 XRD 분석결과와 산소 조성 분석 결과로부터 반응의 완결성과 순도에서 최적 온도 조건임을 확인하였다. 온도를 $1,300^{\circ}C$로 증가시킬 경우 반응의 완결성에 큰 변화가 없는 반면 분말입자간의 목형성이 일어나 가소결 되는 것을 FE-SEM을 통해 관찰하였다. 또한 최적조건으로 제조된 Fe-TiC 복합분말의 입도분석과 FE-SEM/EDS 관찰/분석을 시행한 결과 평균 입도 0.6 ${\mu}m$의 미세한 Fe-TiC 복합분말 내에 Fe분말 주변과 내부에 나노크기의 TiC입자가 균일하게 분산되어 존재하는 것을 확인하였다.

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Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composition Containing Modified Halosite Nanotubes with Silane Coupling Agent (실란 커플링제를 이용하여 개질한 할로이사이트 나노튜브가 함유된 에폭시 조성물의 열적·기계적 물성)

  • Kim, TaeHee;Lim, Choong-Sun;Kim, Jin Chul;Seo, Bongkuk
    • Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.68-74
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    • 2017
  • Epoxy resins are widely used in various fields due to their excellent thermal, mechanical and chemical properties. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the epoxy composition after curing, various materials are mixed in the epoxy resin. Among the nano materials, CNT is the most widely used. However, CNT has limitations in terms of manufacturing process and manufacturing cost. Therefore, there is a growing interest in naturally occurring HNTs having similar structure to that of CNT. In this study, the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy compositions containing HNTs treated with two types of silane compounds were investigated. The mechanical properties of silane-treated HNT were measured by using a universal testing machine. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and thermomechanical analysis (TMA) were used to measure thermal properties. As a result of the above tests, when the HNT was surface-treated with aminosilane, the tensile strength of the epoxy composition containing the HNT was higher than that of the epoxy composition containing epoxy silane treated HNT. The linear thermal expansion coefficients (CTE) obtained from the thermomechanical analysis of the two epoxy compositions for the comparison of dimensional stability showed that the HNT composition treated with aminosilane showed a lower value of CTE than that of epoxy composition including the pristine HNT.

Manufacturing of Micro Gas Bearing by Fe-Ni Nanopowder and Metal Mold Using LIGA (LIGA 금형몰드를 이용한 Fe-Ni계 나노분말의 초미세 가스베어링 제조)

  • Son, Soo-Jung;Cho, Young-Sang;Kim, Dae-Jung;Kim, Jong-Hyun;Chang, Suk-Sang;Choi, Chul-Jin
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.140-145
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    • 2012
  • This paper describes the manufacturing process of tilting pad gas bearing with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 0.5-1 mm for power MEMS (Micro Electomechanical Systems) applications. The bearing compacts with nanopowder feedstock were prepared by Ni-metal mold with 2-mold system using LIGA process. The effect of the manufacturing conditions on sintering properties of nanopowder gas bearing was investigated. In this work, Fe-45 wt%Ni nanopowder with an average diameter of 30-50 nm size was used as starting material. After mixing the nanopowder and the wax-based binders, the amount of powder was controlled to obtain the certain mixing ratio. The nanopowder bearing compacts were sintered with 1-2 hr holding time under hydrogen atmospheres and under temperatures of $600^{\circ}C$ to $1,000^{\circ}C$. Finally, the critical batch of mixed powder system was found to be 70% particle fraction in total volume. The maximum density of the sintered bearing specimen was about 94% of theoretical density.