• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2013

Due to the large specific surface area and great reactivity toward environmental contaminants, nanocrystalline mackinawite (FeS) has been widely applied for the remediation of contaminated groundwater and soil. Furthermore, nanocrystalline FeS is rather thermodynamically stable against anoxic corrosion, and its reactivity can be regenerated continuously by the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria. However, nanocrystalline mackinawite is prone to either spread out along the groundwater flow or cause pore clogging in aquifers by particle aggregation. Accordingly, this mineral should be modified for the application of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). In this study, coating methods were investigated by which mackinawite nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of alumina or activated alumina. The amount of FeS coating was found to significantly vary with pH, with the highest amount occurring at pH ~6.9 for both minerals. At this pH, the surfaces of mackinawite and alumina (or activated alumina) were oppositely charged, with the resultant electrostatic attraction making the coating highly effective. At this pH, the coating amounts by alumina and activated alumina were 0.038 and 0.114 $mmol{\cdot}FeS/g$, respectively. Under anoxic conditions, arsenite sorption experiments were conducted with uncoated alumina, uncoated activated alumina, and both minerals coated with FeS at the optimal pH for comparison of their reactivity. Uncoated activated alumina showed the higher arsenite removal compared to uncoated alumina. Notably, the arsenite sorption capacity of activated alumina was little changed by the coating with FeS. This might be attributed to the abundance of highly reactive hydroxyl functional groups (${\equiv}$AlOH) on the surface of activated alumina, making the arsenite sorption by the coated FeS unnoticeable. In contrast, the arsenite sorption capacity of alumina was found to increase substantially by the FeS coating. This was due to the consumption of the surface hydroxyl functional groups on the alumina surface and the subsequent occurrence of As(III) sorption by the coated FeS. Alumina, on the surface area basis, has about 8 times higher FeS coating amount and higher As(III) sorption capacity than silica. This study indicates that alumina is a better candidate than silica for the coating of nanocrystalline mackinawite.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.469-477
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• 2021

In this study, the mechanical property of anti-fouling coating using CNF was evaluated to prevent the durability and stability of structure exposed the marine environment. Anti-fouling coating using CNF was prepared by CNF, AKD and waste glass powder, and contact angle test, drying time, viscosity analysis and microstructure were performed. When coating on one number of times, It was showed to relatively high hydrophobic performance in steel. And It was confirmed that the contact angle increased as the content of AKD increased in cement mortar. When coating on three number of times, the surface was confirmed super-hydrophobic at maximum of 151.6°. When mixing waste glass powder, the surface was showed to relatively high hydrophobic. It is pseudo plastic fluid when CNF and distilled water were prepared in a ratio of 1:1, And Anti fouling coating is judged to be suitable for use as coating on marine structure.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.456-462
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• 2023

An electrically conductive and transparent electrode was created by applying a dispersion of pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and silver nanowires to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film using a bar coating method. The SWCNTs were added to increase the electrical conductivity and transmittance of the silver nanowires while also preventing the haze from increasing due to the stacking of multiple layers containing SWCNTs and silver nanowires on the PET substrate. The silver nanowires in the electrode were also found to be stable against oxidation. The transparent electrode displayed excellent electrical and optical properties, with a sheet resistance of 47 Ω/□, transmittance of 96.72%, and haze of 1.93%. Additionally, the sheet resistance of the electrode remained stable over time, with a change of only 6.4% after a constant temperature and humidity test, making it suitable for long-term use. A hybrid transparent electrode that is economically feasible and environmentally sustainable has been developed through the utilization of pristine SWCNT and silver nanowire.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.12.1-12.1
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• 2005

• Composites Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.264-268
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• 2021

In this study, we propose a method for fabricating hydrophobic coatings/films with three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical nanostructured organic/inorganic composite surfaces. An epoxy-based, large-area 3D ordered nanoporous template is first prepared through an advanced photolithography technique called Proximity-field nanoPatterning (PnP). Then, a hierarchically structured surface is generated by densely impregnating the template with silica nanoparticles with an average diameter of 22 nm through dip coating. Due to the coexisting micro- and nano-scale roughness on the surface, the fabricated composite film exhibits a higher contact angle (>137 degrees) for water droplets compared to the reference samples. Therefore, it is expected that the materials and processes developed through this study can be used in various ways in the traditional coating/film field.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.143-155
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• 2020

Hydrophobic Organic-Inorganic (O-I) hybrid materials prepared by sol-gel process have been widely used at functional coating fields such as coatings for anti-corrosion, anti-icing, self-cleaning, anti-reflection. The key point for fabricating hydrophobic surface is to optimize the surface energy and roughness of the coating films. There are typical processes to control the surface energy and roughness which are 'In situ fabricating', 'Pre-fluorinating/Post-roughening', 'Pre-roughening/ Post-fluorinating'. In this study, particle-binder process was used for in-situ fabrication of hydrophobic coating films. Various O-I hybrid compounds prepared using several kinds of alkoxysilane compounds were used as a binder for silica nanoparticles at particle-binder process. To study effect of fluorine content and weight ratio of particle : binder on the hydrophobicity and surface morphology, Hydrophobic coating films were prepared onto glass substrate at various content of fluorine content of O-I hybrid binder and weight ratio of particle : binder. The coating films prepared using O-I hybrid binder (GPTi-HF10) having 10 wt% of fluorine content showed the highes water contact angle (107.52±1.6°). The coating films prepared at 1:3 weight ratio of GPTi-HF10 : silica nanoparticle exhibited the highest water contact angle (130.84±1.99°).

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.385-390
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• 2010

We studied the optical characteristics of ZnO:Al and $Al_2O_3$ coated ZnO nanorods. When ZnO:Al is deposited around the undoped ZnO nanorods, thermal diffusion of Al into ZnO gives rise to decrease the binding energy of neutral donor bound exciton whereas an insulating Al2O3 is coated around ZnO, we found that semiconducor-insulator interface states play an important role in optical quenching.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.78-79
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• 2015

PVD 공정에서 다성분으로 이루어진 나노복합 코팅을 형성하는 것은 원소들간의 합금화 문제로 인해 어렵다. 따라서 일반적으로 두 개 이상의 원소타겟 또는 멀티타겟을 이용한 PVD+PECVD 의 융합공정에 의해 제조된다. 하지만 멀티타겟을 사용한 공정은 공정의 복잡화가 뒤따르며 신뢰성이 떨어진다. 본 연구에서는 멀티타겟의 단점을 보완하기 위해 Ti-Al-X(Cr, Si, B, V) 단일 합금 타겟을 제작하여 나노복합 코팅을 형성하고자 하였다. 기계적 합금화법을 통해 합금분말을 제조하였으며, 방전플라즈마소결법으로 합금 타겟을 제작하였다. 제작된 타겟을 이용하여 스퍼터링 장치를 통해 박막을 형성 하였다. 그 결과 분말은 밀링 시간 20시간에서 정상상태에 도달하였으며, 더 이상 분말의 입자는 줄어들지 않았다. 이때 분말의 입자크기는 $5{\sim}6{\mu}m$ 이었으며 결정립의 크기는 16~20nm 이었다. 소결을 통해 99% 이상의 진밀도를 갖는 합금타겟을 제작하였으며, 이때 결정립의 크기는 매우 미세하였다. 박막의 경우 모두 30GPa 이상의 고경도 특성을 나타냈다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.506-507
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• 2011

경사코팅 기술(Oblique Angle Deposition; OAD)은 입사 증기가 기판에 수직으로 입사하지 않고 90도 보다 작은 각도로 비스듬히 입사하도록 조절하여 코팅하는 물리증착 기술의 하나로 피막의 조직을 다양하게 제어할 수 있는 방법으로 알려져 있다. 초기의 경사 코팅 기술은 경사각을 가진 정지된 기판 상에 코팅하였으나 최근에는 기판의 각도와 회전을 동시에 조절하여 이루어지는 소위 스침각 증착(Glancing Angle Deposition; GLAD) 기술이 개발되어 다양한 형태의 구조를 제어하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히, 컴퓨터를 이용하여 입사각과 방위각을 정밀 제어함에 의해 나노 스케일의 Zigzag 및 나선형, 기둥형 조직 등 복잡한 형태의 박막을 제조하는 것이 가능하게 되었다. 현재, GLAD 기술과 다양한 형태의 나노 조직을 이용하여 각종 센서는 물론 태양전지와 같은 에너지 소자, 필터와 같은 광학코팅 등에 응용하기 위한 연구가 세계적으로 폭넓게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 조직의 치밀도 향상을 통한 특성 향상을 위해 Al 및 TiN 박막을 제조함에 있어서 경사코팅 기술을 응용하여 단층 및 다층 피막(각도를 반대로 하여 여러 층을 제조)을 제조하고 그 특성을 비교하였다. Al 박막은 UBM (Un-Balanced Magnetron) 스퍼터링 소스를 이용하여 타겟 표면과 기판 표면이 이루는 각도 즉, 입사빔과 기판이 이루는 각도를 각각 0, 30, 45, 60 및 90도의 각도에서 강판 및 실리콘 웨이퍼 상에 시편을 제조하되 단층 및 다층으로 시편을 제조하고 치밀도 및 내식성과 반사율 및 조도 등의 특성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 경사각으로 코팅한 시편에서 조도 및 반사율이 향상됨은 물론 치밀도 및 내식성이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 특히, 염수분무에 의한 내식성 시험에서 경사 코팅된 시편의 경우 내식성이 현저히 향상되었는데, 이는 경사 코팅 방법이 박막의 치밀도를 향상시켜 나타난 현상으로 판단된다. TiN 박막은 Cathodic Arc 방식을 이용하되 Al 박막과 동일한 방법으로 코팅을 하고 내식성 및 경도 등의 특성을 비교하였다. TiN 박막은 경사각이 커지면서 경도가 낮아지며 특히 다층막의 경우 경도 감소가 현저함을 알 수 있었다. 다만, 45도에서는 다른 경사각에 비해 약간의 경도 상승이 측정되었다. 경사각 코팅에서의 경도 감소는 피막의 경사에 의해 탐침이 미끄러지거나 또는 우선 방위에 의한 경도 증가 효과가 나타나지 않아 생기는 현상으로 판단되었다. Ferroxyl 시험을 이용한 기공도 시험에서는 경사각 코팅의 경우가 기공이 다소 감소함을 확인하였다.

• Composites Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.70-75
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• 2012

Interfacial durability and electrical properties of CNT, ITO or xGnP coated PVDF nanocomposites were investigated for acoustic actuator applications. The xGnP coated PVDF nanocomposite exhibited better electrical conductivity than CNT and ITO case due to the unique electrical property of xGnP, and this nanocomposite also showed good sound characteristics. Interfacial adhesion durability between either neat CNT or plasma treated CNT and plasma treated PVDF were measured by static contact angle, surface energy, work of adhesion, and spreading coefficient tests. The optimum acoustic actuation performance of xGnP coated PVDF nanocomposite was measured using sound level meter with changing radius of curvature and coating conditions. As compared to CNT and ITO, the xGnP was known as more appropriate acoustic actuator due to the characteristic electrical property. It is the most appropriate condition when the radius of curvature is 15 degree. Although sound characteristics were different with various coating thicknesses, it is possible to manufacture transparent actuator with good sound quality.