• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2006

Detailed heat transfer coefficient distributions an two. types of gas turbine blade tip, plane tip and squealer tip, were measured using a hue-detection base transient liquid crystals technique.. The heat transfer coefficients an the shroud and near tip regions of the pressure and suction sides af the blade were also. measured. The heat transfer measurements were taken at the three different tip gap clearances af 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.5% of blade span. Results shaw the overall heat transfer coefficients on the tip and shroud with squealer tip blade were lower than those with plane tip blade. By using squealer tip, however, the reductions af heat transfer coefficients near the tip regions of the pressure and suction sides were nat remarkable.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1377-1382
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• 2004

Flow fields in a half ducted propeller fan have been investigated by three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations and a vortex core identification technique. The simulation at the design operating condition shows that the tip vortex onset point is located at 30 percent tip chord of the suction surface on the blade tip. There is no interaction between the tip vortex and the adjacent blade, so that the tip vortex smoothly convects to the rotor exit. However, the high vorticity in the tip vortex causes the wake and the tip leakage flow to be twined around the tip vortex and to interact with the pressure surface of the adjacent blade. This flow behavior corresponds well with experimental results by Laser Doppler Velocimetry. On the contrary, the simulation at the low-flowrate operating condition shows that the tip vortex onset point is located at the 60 percent tip chord of the suction surface. In contrast to the design operating condition, the tip vortex grows almost tangential direction, and impinges directly on the pressure surface of the adjacent blade.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.159-162
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• 2008

In this paper, a numerical simulation of three-dimensional flow field and heat transfer coefficient distribution are conducted for two types of gas turbine blade with plane and squealer tips. The numerical results show that gas turbine blade with squealer tip considerably changes the flow structures near the tip regions of pressure and suction sides, so the overall heat transfer coefficients on the tip and shroud with squealer tip are lower than those with the plane tip blade. Finally, the effect of tip gap clearance on the flow field and heat transfer characteristics are investigated.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2007

The present study investigated local heat/mass transfer characteristics on the tip of the rotating turbine blade with various incoming flow incidence angles. The experiments are conducted in a low speed annular cascade with a single stage turbine. The blade has a flat tip with a mean tip clearance of 2.5% of the blade chord. The incoming flow Reynolds number is $1.5{\times}10^5$ at design condition. To examine the effect of off-design condition, the experiments with various incidence angles ranging between $-15^{\circ}$ and $+7{\circ}$ were conducted. A naphthalene sublimation method is used to measure detailed mass transfer coefficient on the blade. The results indicated that the incidence angle strongly affects the behavior of tip leakage flow around the blade tip and consequently plays an important role in determining heat transfer characteristics on the tip. For negative incidence angles, the heat/mass transfer in the upstream region on the tip decreases by up to 20%. On the contrary, for positive incidence angles, much higher heat transfer coefficients are observed even with small increase of incidence angle.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.446-456
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• 2006

The effect of relative position of the stationary turbine blade for the fixed vane has been investigated on blade tip and shroud heat transfer. The local mass transfer coefficients were measured on the tip and shroud fur the blade fixed at six different positions within a pitch. A low speed stationary annular cascade with a single turbine stage was used. The chord length of the tested blade is 150 mm and the mean tip clearance of the blade having flat tip is 2.5% of the blade chord. A naphthalene sublimation technique was used for the detailed mass transfer measurements on the tip and the shroud. The inlet flow Reynolds number based on chord length and incoming flow velocity is fixed to $1.5{\times}10^5$. The results show that the incoming flow condition and heat transfer characteristics significantly change when the relative position of the blade changes. On the tip, the size of high heat/mass transfer region along the pressure side varies in the axial direction and the difference of heat transfer coefficient is up to 40% in the upstream region of the tip because the position of flow reattachment changes. On shroud, the effect of tip leakage vortex on the shroud as well as tip gap entering flow changes as the blade position changes. Thus, significantly different heat transfer patterns are observed with various blade positions and the periodic variation of heat transfer is expected with the blade rotation.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.495-503
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• 2005

Experiments were conducted in a low speed stationary annular cascade to investigate local heat transfer characteristics on the tip and shroud and the effect of inlet Reynolds number on the tip and shroud heat transfer. Detailed mass transfer coefficients on the blade tip and the shroud were obtained using a naphthalene sublimation technique. The turbine test section has a single stage composed of sixteen guide vanes and blades. The chord length and the height of the tested blade are 150 mm and about 125 mm, respectively. The blade has flat tip geometry and the mean tip clearance is about $2.5{\%}$of the blade chord. The inlet flow Reynolds number based on chord length and incoming flow velocity is changed from $1.0{\times}10^{5}\;to\;2.3{\times}10^{5}.$ to investigate the effect of Reynolds number. Flow reattachment after the recirculation near the pressure side edge dominates the heat transfer on the tip surface. Shroud surface has very intricate heat/mass transfer distributions due to complex flow patterns such as acceleration, relaminarization, transition to turbulent flow and tip leakage vortex. Heat/mass transfer coefficient on the blade tip is about 1.7 times as high as that on the shroud or blade surface. Overall averaged heat/mass transfer coefficients on the tip and shroud are proportional to $Re_{c}^{0.65}\;and\;Re_{c}^{0.71},$ respectively.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.485-494
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• 2005

For the extensive investigation of local heat/mass transfer on the near-tip surface of turbine blade, experiments were conducted in a low speed stationary annular cascade. The turbine test section has a single stage composed of sixteen guide vanes and blades. The chord length and the height of the tested blade are 150 mm and about 125 mm, respectively. The blade has flat tip geometry and the mean tip clearance is about $2.5{\%}$ of the blade chord. Detailed mass transfer coefficient on the blade near-tip surface was obtained using a naphthalene sublimation technique. The inlet flow Reynolds number based on chord length and incoming flow velocity is changed from $1.0{\times}10^{5}\;to\;2.3{\times}10^{5}.$ Extremely complex heat transfer characteristics are observed on the blade surface due, to complicated flow patterns, such as flow acceleration, laminarization, transition, separation bubble and tip leakage flow. Especially, the suction side surface of the blade has higher heat/mass transfer coefficients and more complex distribution than the pressure side surface, which is related to the leakage flow. For all the tested Reynolds numbers, the heat/mass transfer characteristics on the turbine blade are the similar. The overall averaged $Sh_{c}$ values are proportional to $Re_{c}^{0.5}$ on the stagnation region and the laminar flow region such as the pressure side surface. However, since the flow is fully turbulent in the near-tip region, the heat/mass transfer coefficients are proportional to $Re_{c}^{0.8}.$

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2007

The present study investigated local heat/mass transfer characteristics on the surface of the rotating turbine blade with various incidence angles. The experiments are conducted in a low speed annular cascade with a single stage turbine. The blade has a flat tip with the mean tip clearance of 2.5% of the blade chord. A naphthalene sublimation method is used to measure detailed mass transfer coefficient on the blade. At design condition, the inlet Reynolds number is $Re_c=1.5{\times}10^5$ which results in the blade rotation speed of 255.8 rpm. Also, the effect of off-design condition is examined with various incidence angles between $-15^{\circ}$ and $+7{\circ}$. The results indicated that the incidence angle has significant effects on the blade surface heat transfer. In mid-span region, the laminar separation region on the pressure side is reduced and the laminar flow region on the suction side shrinks with increasing incidence angle. Near the tip, the effect of tip leakage flow increases in span wise and axial directions as the incidence angle decreases because the tip leakage flow is formed near the suction side surface. However, the effect of tip leakage flow is reduced with positive incidence angle.