• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 1998

This study was carried out to how the effects of storage temperature of garlic bulbs, pH and temperature of garlic puree on its color change. Color change was severely appeared in puree made of garlics stored at pH 4.0, 2$^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.0, 25$^{\circ}C$. The color of garlic puree was changed from green to blue during storage. The yellowing occured by the oxidation at high temperature of puree. Garlic puree absorbed the wavelengths of 486nm. 580nm, and 656nm. The precursors of pigments produced by enzymatic reaction were seemed to be the reasons of color change because there was no my change of color in puree when the enzymes including alliinase were inactivated. However, the color changes of puree at low storage temperature should be studied further in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 1997

Eleven plots(10m*10m) were established in Pinus densiflora forests and analized in with TWINSPAN and DCA techniques, to study the comparison of the structure of plant community by soil depth in Ulsan Grand Park. As a result of this analyusis, the communities were divided into two groups : Community B which have shallow one. Community A showed climatic climax which have proceeded from Pinus densiflora to Quercus variabilis, Castanea crenata, Platycarya strobilacea, and at last to Carpinus laxiflora. Community A showed climatic climax which have proceeded fro, Pimus densiflora to Quercus variabilis, Castanea crenata, Platycarya strobilacea, and at last to carpenus laxiflora. Community B showed edaphic climax in sere of Pinus desiflora. The diffrernce of the growth of tree height was showed significantly between two communities. The sample tree aged 30 in Community A was 8.50m high and the sample tree aged 35 in Community B was 3.80m high. Community A was better than Community B in soil characteristics and species diversity indicies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.223-246
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• 2015

This study examined the characteristics of Buddhist books printed using metal type during the Joseon Dynasty period from a bibliographical perspective. It was found that there are 36 kinds of Buddhist books published using metal type during the Joseon Dynasty period that currently exist. In terms of the types used for publication, there were 9 kinds of printed editions by Gapinja, 13 kinds of printed editions by Eulhaeja, 2 kinds of printed editions by Jeongchukja, 3 kinds of printed editions by Eulyuja and 9 kinds of printed editions by Jeonsaja. Among them, The Buddhist books printed using Eulhaeja were 36 % of total with the highest quantity of 13 kinds. In terms of periods of publication, it was found that 27 kinds and 9 kinds of Buddhists books were published respectively in the first and latter parts of Joseon Dynasty periods. Among them, there were 19 kinds of metal type book editions published during the King Sejo period that occupied 70% of total. It appears that such phenomenon was a result of King Sejo's abnormal enthronement and Buddhism-friendly tendency.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.32-41
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• 2005

The sperm morphology of two Korean frogs, Rana catesbeiana and R. nigromaculata (Ranidae) was studied with the light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Sperm heads of the R. catesbeiana and R. nigromaculata were long-cylinder shapes. In the total length of R. nigromaculata sperm ($51.2{\mu}m$) was longer than those of R. catesbeiana ($44.6{\mu}m$). Both R. catesbeiana and R. nigromaculata had the long head and principal piece, and short middle piece, but the neck was undeveloped. The axonemal structures contain a 9+9+2 arrangement of microtubules. The number of mitochondria in middle piece have less than mammalian sperm, which irregular surrounded the axone of the middle piece. In conclusion, R. catesbeiana and R. nigromaculata shared many similar features in sperm heads, neck, middle piece, and a site of mitochondria and axial structure, and it suggests that these species should be closely related.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2018

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare disease characterized by fibrous dysplasia (FD), Cafe-au-lait spots, and endocrine disorder. A 4-year-old girl with MAS visited the clinic with a chief complaint of facial asymmetry and bruxism without any pain. Facial asymmetry and many dental problems such as midline deviation, "ground glass appearance" on the entire jaw, thinned cortical bone, loss of lamina dura and ectopic germs were found. Because of severely displaced tooth germs and FD affected jaw, there is a high possibility of malocclusion during mixed/permanent dentition. It is necessary to observe the eruption pattern periodically. If there are clinical symptoms like an abnormal eruption pattern, facial asymmetry or high caries susceptibility, appropriate interventions of dentist are required.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.243-250
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• 2020

Knowledge graph-based question answering not only requires deep understanding of the given natural language questions, but it also needs effective reasoning to find the correct answers on a large knowledge graph. In this paper, we propose a deep neural network model for effective reasoning on a knowledge graph, which can find correct answers to complex questions requiring multi-hop inference. The proposed model makes use of highly expressive bilinear graph neural network (BGNN), which can utilize context information between a pair of neighboring nodes, as well as allows bidirectional feature propagation between each entity node and one of its neighboring nodes on a knowledge graph. Performing experiments with an open-domain knowledge base (Freebase) and two natural-language question answering benchmark datasets(WebQuestionsSP and MetaQA), we demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for the Gifted Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.165-166
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• 2003

2002년 3월부터 영재교육법 시행령이 적용됨에 따라 과학기술부에서는 교육인적자원부, 부산광역시 교육청과의 협약을 통하여 부산과학고등학교를 과학영재학교로 지정하였으며 2003년 3월 신입생 입학 이후 현재까지 운영되고 있다. 과학영재를 조기에 발굴하여 맞춤식 교육을 체계적으로 실천함으로써 지식기반 사회를 선도할 수 있는 창의적인 과학영재를 육성하려는 과학영재학교의 설립목적에 부합되도록 계획, 운영, 평가되기 위해서 현재 진행되고 있는 운영 전반에 대하여 점검 및 분석이 이루어질 필요가 있다. 이에 과학영재학교 운영상의 주요 측면인 교육과정 운영 분야에 대하여 그 실태와 학생 반응을 분석하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 과학영재학교의 교육과정 기본 방침은 과학 분야에 대한 깊은 이해와 논리적, 비판적, 창의적 사고력과 태도를 통하여 지식을 창출하는 자기 주도적 탐구자의 양성을 전제로 하고 있으며 교육과정 편제는 교과, 자율연구, 위탁교육 및 특별활동으로 구성되어있다. 교과에는 국어, 사회, 외국어, 예체능을 포함하는 보통교과와 수학, 과학, 정보과학을 포함하는 전공교과가 있다(과학영재학교 교수요목안내서, 2003). 본 연구에서 교육과정 편제, R&E, 교수학습 및 평가의 하위 영역별로 그 실태와 각 영역별 학생 설문 결과를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 영재학교 교육과정 편제 및 운영에 대한 학생들의 인식을 조사한 결과, 심화 선택과목의 학점 비중을 더 높여야한다는 의견과 보통교과의 학점을 줄이고 전공교과의 학점을 늘려야 한다는 의견이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 대상 학생들이 과학영재학교 선발과정에서 수학, 과학 각 분야별 우수자로 선발된 경우가 많아 학생 개인적으로 자신감을 가지는 과목만 집중적으로 학습하고자 하는 의도의 반영으로 볼 수 있다. 이와 관련하여 영재교육과정의 운영지침(이상천, 2002)에 의하면, 대학 수준의 내용을 그대로 도입하는 속진보다 창의성과 사고력 계발에 보다 충실할 수 있도록 내용의 폭을 넓히고 접근방법을 달리하는 심화 중심으로 교육과정을 구성하고 운영한다고 하였다. 그러나 현재 개발된 교육과정 편성과 운영은 창의성 교육의 구현보다는 압축형 속진 교육과정의 특성이 강하여, 이와 같은 운영지침을 실현하기 어려운 것이 현실이므로 교육과정 편제의 개선이나 운영지침에 적합한 교육내용의 개발이 시급히 이루어져야 할 것이다. 둘째, R&E(Research ＆ Education)는‘연구를 통한 교육’,‘교육을 통한 연구’를 의미하며 과학영재교육과정의 가장 큰 특징이라 할 수 있는 자율연구와 위탁교육을 위한 프로그램이다.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.113-155
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• 2020

This paper reviews literature from history, media studies, and anthropology to provide an expansive spatio-temporal framework that examines the epistemic and material aspects of computing technologies in the Anthropocene. Reconceptualizing computing as planetary technology has become imperative in the Anthropocene, in which digital sensors, devices, and infrastructures are increasingly mediating human activities to understand, utilize, and consume the Earth. Drawing upon the previous works that have examined the social, political, and cultural elements of information and communication technology (ICT), we provide three perspectives to reconsider the relationship between computing technology and the planet. Computing technologies are increasingly being adopted to measure the anthropogenic impacts on the plant, while these technologies themselves also take part in leaving deep social and material traces upon the Earth's surface. In this sense, we argue that the Anthropocene and computing technologies are co-constructive. Such a renewed perspective on computing and the Anthropocene, we hope, would bring new scalar imaginations to future studies on ICT.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.267-270
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• 2001

소아천식은 기도의 만성 염증 및 과민반응을 특징으로 나타내고 있어 염증을 일으키거나 알레르기 반응을 일으키는 물질로부터 차단하는 방법이 효과적임을 현대의학에서 이미 밝히고 있다. 한의학에서는 천증(喘證)에 본디 뿌리 깊은 근원(천유숙근(喘有夙根))이 있다고 간주하여 허약한 체질은 내적인 요인이고, 풍한침습(風寒侵襲)은 유발요인이며, 담음복폐(痰飮伏肺)와 신기휴허(腎氣虧虛)는 재발의 근본이라고 하였다. 본 연구에서는 소아 천식에 구마황(灸麻黃), 은행(銀杏), 건강(乾薑), 오미자(五味子), 백전(白前), 구백부(灸百部), 소자(蘇子) 등을 사용하였고, 경우에 따라 황기(黃?) 혹은 선령비(仙靈脾)를 추가하여 正氣(正氣)를 강화시키는 목적으로 사용하였다. 약리학적 연구에 따르면 마황과 건강, 오미자 등은 모두 기도의 염증세포 침윤(浸潤)를 억제하고 항알레르기 효과가 있으며, 건강과 오미자는 또한 히스타민에 대한 길항효과(拮抗效果)도 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 은행 추출물은 혈소판 활성화 수용체에 대한 길항작용을 갖고 있으므로 이러한 물질들로 인한 기관지의 경련을 방지하여 천식증상을 왕화시킨다. 구백부(灸百部)는 지해(止咳)효과가 뛰어나다. 소아천식에 대한 치료는 표본동치(標本同治)의 원칙을 지키며, 증상이 완화된 단계에서도 중약 투여를 1-2개월 지속시키는 것이 중요하다. 소아에게 있어서 천식증상이 완화된 후 어혈(瘀血) 상태가 성인에 비해 심하지는 않지만, "구병필어(久病必瘀)"의 결과에 유의할 필요가 있다. 천식이 장기간 지속되면 필히 혈액순환 장애가 수반되므로 천궁(川芎)이나 단삼(丹蔘) 등의 활혈제(活血劑)를 가미하여 사용하면 효과를 높일 수 있다. 결론적으로 소아의 천식은 항염증, 평천(平喘), 화담(火痰), 지해(止咳)와 더불어 보신익기화어(補腎益氣化瘀)의 약물을 병행하여 사용하는 것이 바람직하며, 단순한 중약 투여는 일부 양약에 의한 소아성장에 미치는 영향을 피할 수 있어 더 많은 임상연구가 이어져야 한다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.864-875
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• 2014

The aim of this article is to explore the neighbourhood plan in the UK on the basis of the characteristic of community partnership. In establishing the plan in the UK, a characteristic of public partnership is that a local community takes part in the whole process of establishing the plan. In addition, the central and local government induce the participation of such communities while establishing a statutory duty. To conduct the duty, the government introduce a referendum in the process of the establishment of the plan while emphasizing that the majority selection is the best solution. Based upon this local partnership, one of important lessons from the case of the UK is that in terms of local development, the evolutionary pathway to the social economy become one of more crucial factors beyond the economy itself. In addition, this pathway is deeply concerned with the community partnership.