• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2006

Obstructive sialadenitis is one of common disease in salivary gland, and most common histologic features are loss of acinar cell and ductal dilatation associated with fibrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Although many experimental studies has been accomplished for the salivary acinar cell change in obstructive salivary gland disease, studies for myoepithelial cell were deficient. This study is designed for salivary gland tissue change, especially myoepithelial cell when nonspecific chronic sialadenitis or salivary duct injury by duct obstruction or cut can be occurred that is common encounted clinically. After ligation and cutting of submandibular gland of rabbit, groups of aminmal were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 weeks postoperatively, submandibular gland were removed. The histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, with immunohistochemical staining with ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin, characteristics of myoepithelial cell were examined. With transmission electron microscopy, ultrastructure of myoepithelial cell were examined for distribution and ultrastructure of myoepithelial cell. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the histopathologic evaluation, ligation and cutting group of 1 week, linkage of myoepithelial cell associated with acinar atrophy and degeneration were disappeared in both group. 2. More prominent squamous metaplasia was seen in acinar cells of ligation group of 2 weeks experimental rabbit than cutting group. 3. Acinar cells are nearly disappeared in both ligation and cutting group of 4 weeks, and myoepithelial cell also disappeared associated with acinar cell atrophy, and duct-like structure composed by squamous cells by squamous metaplasia in acinar cells were distributed. 4. In immunohistochemical study, both ligation and cutting group ${\alpha}$-SMA distribution were diminished at 1 week experimental rabbits, but myoepithelial cell was more diminished in ligation group than cutting group, which were distributed around cells of squamous metaplasia. 5. Nuclear condensation, chromosome margination, and cytoplasmic vaculoation were appeared in myoepithelial cell of both cutting and ligation group after 1 week with transmission electron microscopy. But degenerative substance were seen in cytoplasm of myoepithelial cell of ligation group of 4 weeks. From the results obtained in this study, atrophy and degeneration of myoepithelial cell was more prominent in duct ligation group than duct cutting group, and myoepithelial cells were seen around cells squamous metaplasia of acinar cell.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.117-128
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• 2006

Free flap transplantation with microvascular anastomosis has been successfully performed by development of surgical technique, materials and postoperative monitoring equipments of flap. But success rate of microvascular anastomosis is influenced by various factors, and failure rate is about 5-10%. The most influential factor for success rate is surgical technique and other factors that influence failure of microvascular anastomosis are ischemic time of free flap, thrombus formation of anastomosis region and vascular spasm. Many studies has been published in microvascular anastomosis with histologic effect for irrigating solution. But local irrigation solution has been used clinically in microvascular anastomosis, the comparison with each solution, microhistological study for endothelial cell repair and vascular patency has not been reported. The heparin which is anti-thrombotic agent, and urokinase which is fibrinolytic agent are used for this study. Vascular patency and thrombus formation in experimental micro-arterial anastomosis, and endothelial repair were observed with histologic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopic examination. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In vascular patency test in 30 minute and 7 days after micro-arterial anastomosis, equal effects of good vascular patency were obtained in group of local irrigation with heparin and urokinase. 2. In thrombus formation in 7 days after micro-arterial anastomosis, equal effects of minimal thrombus formation were obtained in group of local irrigation with heparin and urokinase. 3. In toluidin blue staining in 7 days after micro-arterial anastomosis, local destruction of endothelial cell and inner elastic lamina were seen and endothelial repair was not seen. 4. In scanning electron microscope examination in 7 days after micro-arterial anastomosis, endothelial cell was not seen in peripheral to suture materials, thrombus associated fibrin network was observed. 5. In transmission electron microscope examination in 7 days after micro-arterial anastomosis, inflammatory cell was seen within smooth muscle cells in site of endothelial cell destruction, smooth muscle cell around suture material were arranged irregularly, some collagenous change were seen. From the results obtained in this study, same results of good vascular patency and anti-thrombotic effect of heparin and urokinase were obtained as a local irrigation solution, and repair of endothelial cell was not seen in 7 days after micro-arterial anastomosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.476-481
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• 2017

Polyphenols are secondary metabolites produced by higher plants and have been used as antiallergic, anticancer, antihypertensive, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. They are generally divided into flavonoids and non-flavonoids. The antimicrobial activity of flavonoids are stronger than that of non-flavonoids. The skeleton structures of flavonoids possessing antimicrobial activity are chalcone, flavan-3-ol (catechin), flavanone, flavone, flavonol and proanthocyanidin. The flavonols are shown antibacterial activity against several gram-positive bacteria (Actinomyces naeslundii, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica and Prevotella oralis). Among of non-flavonoids, caffeic acids, ferulic acids and gallic acids showed antimicrobial activity against gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes and S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). These are found to be more efficient against the E. coli, L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus than antibiotics such as gentamicin and streptomycin. The kaempferol and quercetin showed synergistic effect with ciprofloxacin and rifampicin against S. aureus and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) acts synergistically with various ${\beta}-lactam$ antibiotics against MRSA. In particular, the epicatechin, epigallocatechin (EGC), EGCG and gallocatechin gallate from Korean green tea has antibacterial activity against MRSA clinical isolates and the combination of tea polyphenols and oxacillin was synergistic for all the clinical MRSA isolates.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2012

While preparing a floristic study of Korean hepatics, we discovered the six unrecorded species of Lejeuneaceae from Mt. Seolak, Mt. Gaya, Geojedo, Wando and Gageodo. Archilejeunea kiushiana, Drepanolejeunea angustifolia, Lejeunea aquatica, Lejeunea otiana, Leucolejeunea japonica, and Spruceanthus semirepandus, are reported here. A. kiushiana was characterized by unlobed underleaves, homogeneous oil-bodies, and four to six perianth-keels. D. angustifolia is similar to D. ternatensis, but it differs in the dorsal margin of the leaf-lobe, which is entire or denticulate, spines never present, and leaf cells smooth or with minute dorsal bulging. L. aquatica is similar to L. japonica in that it has a wider and similar shape (wider than long) of its underleaves and has homogeneous oil-bodies. The former, however, has minute leaf-lobules (5-15 cells), 1/10 to 1/5 the length of the leaf-lobe, versus leaf-lobules 1/4 to 1/3 the length of the leaf-lobe. L. otiana is similar to L. kodamae in that it has a large and acute first tooth of the leaf-lobule but differs in having plain leaf-lobules obliquely quadrate and an indistinct second tooth. Drepanolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions (Mizutani, 1961). L. japonica is characterized by entire underleaves; one large, coarsely segmented oil-body per leaf cell; and a large second tooth of the leaf lobule, two to six cells long, and two to three cells wide at the base. S. semirepandus is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions in Asia. This species is characterized by small homogeneous and numerous oil-bodies, up to 10 smooth perianthkeels, and leaf-lobe acute at the apex.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.822-830
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze effects of a community-based case management program for clients with hypertension living in the community. Methods: The research design was a one group pre and post-test design with 30 participants with hypertension who agreed to participate in the 8-12 week case management program provided by case managers from the National Health Insurance Corporation in 2002. Data were collected three times, before and after the case management services, and 6 months later. Outcomes included changes in blood pressure, knowledge of hypertension and daily life practices, including alcohol consumption, smoking, exercise, and medication adherence. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA and post-hoc tests of means revealed significant differences before and after service for systolic blood pressure, daily life practices (monitoring body weight and BP, low salt and cholesterol and high vegetable diet, and stress-relief practices), and exercise. The goal for medication adherence was attained after service. Significant improvements from baseline to 6 months after service were observed in measures of salt and vegetables in diet. There were no significant differences on hypertension knowledge, alcohol consumption or smoking behavior between before service and after, and at 6 months. Conclusion: The findings provide preliminary evidence that case management intervention can have positive outcomes on BP control, daily life practices, exercise, and medication adherence for clients with hypertension. However, additional interventions are needed to sustain long-term effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.298-305
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• 2005

Antimicrobial packaging paper was prepared with a powder-type botanical antimicrobial agent from grapefruit seed extract (BAAG) and zeolite according to TAPPI standard method. The functional fillers containing BAAG fixed to CaCO$_3$ and zeolite were well retained in the fiber network by a retention aid such as cationic polyacrylamide, which was ascertained by the ash contents of paper and the SEM microphotographs. With addition of the functional fillers to paper, tensile strength and burst strength of the paper decreased by interference of the functional fillers with interfiber bonding but bending stiffness and tear strength increased by improved elastic modulus of paper and delayed transfer of tearing energy. Finally, it was confirmed that the antimicrobial packaging paper might be able to be used to make packaging bags and corrugated containers due to the minor deterioration of strength properties.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to determine the value of serum concentration of C-reactive protein(CRP) in comparison with ESR and leukocyte as the tools for diagnosis and follow-up study of infection. For this study, thirty-one patients with head and neck infection and thirty-two patients performed the orthognathic surgery were selected for experimental and control groups each other. we analyzed the blood sample daily to measure CRP, ESR and leukocytosis. The results of this study are as the following : 1. Serum C-Reactive Protein levels in the experimental group were higher than control group and the pattern of CRP changes continued to decline in both groups(P<0.001). 2. ESR changes in both groups were scattered without any special pattern. 3. Correlation between CRP and Leukocyte was higher than others(r=0.664, P<0.01). 4. In the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) Curve of experimental group, rapid increase of CRP curve and Area under the curve(AUC) value, 0.774, indicate the high accuracy of estimation. 5. In experimental group, sensitivity of CRP, ESR, and Leukocytosis on recovery day were 83%, 17% and 71%. Based on the results of this study, we could conclude that determination of CRP is more useful method to diagnosis and follow-up study of infection than other commonly used variables in oral and maxillofacial region.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3 s.55
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• pp.23-31
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• 2007

Fast bridge construction has been increasingly needed according to the changed construction environment. This paper deals with quasi-static tests on precast piers for bridge substructures. One of the most crucial aspect of the design of precast prestressed concrete bridge piers is the seismic performance. Seven precast pier elements were fabricated. The amount of prestressing bars, the prestressing force, and the location and number of the joint between segments were the main test parameters. Test results showed that the introduced axial prestress made the restoration of the deformation under small lateral displacement and minor damage. However, there was no effect of the prestress when the plastic hinge region was damaged severely due to large lateral displacement. Judging from the observed damage, the design of the joints in precast piers should be done for the first joint between the foundation and the pier segment. The amount of the necessary prestressing steel may be designed to satisfy the P-M diagram according to the service loads, not by having the same steel ratio as normal RC bridge piers. In order to satisfy the current required displacement ductility, it is necessary to have the same amount of the transverse reinforcements as RC piers. As the steel ratio increases, the energy absorption capacity increases. The number of joints showed a little influence on the energy absorption capacity.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

A single layer-latticed dome is advantageous for large span structures because it is very stiff despite the light weight of the structure itself. However, this structure becomes easily unstable during erection due to its large size. The Block method is popular with the large span structures. A partial block of the dome is fabricated on the ground and lifted by crane to a designated location of structures. The lifting point selection is very important to create a stable erection and to avoid buckling of members during the erection. The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural behaviors and buckling characteristics according to the lifting point of single-layer latticed domes with triangle network in order to take materials about the safe and economic erection. The conclusions are obtained as follow. 1) The buckling strength of the block part varies with the location of lifting points when it is erected. In case, the height of the dome is lower, the effort of buckling strength of the structure is higher. 2) In buckling strength, the effect of the lifting rope length is smaller than it of the lifting points change.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.465-472
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• 2012

We examined plants that were used as temple food in Jeju from May 2011 to January 2012. Thirty-six temples participated in the study, and there were 58 questionnaire respondents. Fifty-seven taxa were used as temple food, which belonged to 27 families, 51 genera, 55 species, and two varieties. The most commonly used family-based taxa were eight species of Compositae, six species of Cruciferae, and four species of Umbelliferae. Ten species of woody plants and 25 species of Jeju native plants were also used as temple food. The most useful part was the leaf, followed by the root, leaflet, and fruit. A patent search showed that most of the surveyed plants were covered by intellectual property rights. Forty-eight species had food-related patents, 34 species had cosmetics-related patents, and 38 species had medicine-related patents. The purchase and procurement of Jeju temple food plants usually depended on the market or plant cultivation rather than the use of the plants. Gathering of wild herbs for temple food has been performed on a limited basis. Therefore, collecting traditional knowledge for the use of Jeju plant resources should be conducted under different conditions rather than through a temple-related study.