• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1328-1332
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• 2000

We present a modified method for the treatment of brain abscess. The double lumen extraventricular drainage (EVD) catheter which was developed for the intracerebral hematoma management, was applied for the treatment of brain abscess drainage. We placed the double lumen EVD catheter into the abscess cavity by free-hand technique and irrigated the abscess cavity continuously with antibiotics solution for 7 days. Simultaneous intravenous antibiotics was administered for 4 weeks. The continuous irrigation with double lumen catheter was found to be safe and effective treatment modality in the brain abscess.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.381-383
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• 2001

Neurological symptoms may develope when the blood urea nitrogen is lowered too rapidly by hemodialysis. It is known that these symptoms, known as dialysis disequilibrium are associated with cerebral edema. However, the pathogenesis of brain swelling and neurological deterioration after rapid hemodialysis is controversial. The reverse urea hypothesis suggests that hemodialysis removes urea more slowly from the brain than from the plasma, creating an osmotic gradient that results in cerebral edema. The idiogenic osmole hypothesis proposes that an osmotic gradient between brain and plasma develops during rapid dialysis because of newly formed brain osmoles. Authors report a such case and discuss the possible mechanism and preventive methods.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.72-78
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• 1990

In this paper, the physical meanings of LDD optimization are treated by numerical simulation and related experiments are attempted to analyzed the optimized LDD structure. Firstly, according to the numerical analysis, the electric field under the n-region near drain is low and uniformly distributed and the current flow is widely distributed in this region under the optimized conditions. It is also found that this optimized point should be achieved by globally optimizing all the process and electrical conditions. Secondly, the maximum electric field, which is obtained from the substrate current to the drain current ratio, is minimized under the optimized condition according to the experiment. Further, the device lifetime is maximized and the n-resistance is changed smoothly from the channel resistance to the $n^+$junction resistance.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.800-804
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• 2001

The authors reviewed the recent trend of surgical treatment for pediatric as well as adult onset moyamoya disease(MMD). Combined direct and indirect arterial anastomosis or multiple indirect arterial bypasss has been increasing for pediatric MMD and direct arterial bypass is recommended for adult MMD, especially in patients with hemorrhagic MMD. Besides perioperative complications related to the management of MMD and 1999 annual report by the Research Committee on Spontaneous Occlusion of the Circle of Willis(Moyamoya Disease) of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan will be summarizd.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 1992

The protoplast formation of Rhizoctonia solani in the fast growing anastomosis groups (AGs) 1 and 4, the intermediate AG-2 and AG-5, and the slow AG-3 yielded the most, moderate and the least in that order, respectively. Sclerotia formation varied with AGs. A high yield of protoplasts from AGs was obtained with a combined lytic enzyme system containing cellulase 'Onozuka' R-10, macerozyme R-10 and ${\beta}-glucuronidase$. When 3g (fresh weight) of 30 hr old mycelia was incubated for 3 hr at $32^{\circ}C$ with the enzyme mixture in 0.6 M mannitol, maximum protoplasts were obtained in the five AGs. A protoplast fusion between sclerotia forming AG-1 inactivated with heat and non-forming AG-5 was induced by polyethylene glycol and ${Ca}^{2+}$. Seven fusants obtained were based on characteristics of colony and sclerotium formation on culture plates. The fusants were confirmed by isozyme patterns of esterase and killing reaction between AG-1 and a fusant F1501.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.99-104
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• 2001

We present two cases of deep cerebral venous thrombosis(DCVT) with the totally occluded straight sinus. A 42-year-old female received with altered mentality . She has taken antihistamine for six years to treat the paranasal sinusitis. Another 34-year-old female who used the oral contraceptive for 11 months presented with acute behavior change . Both of these patients were diagnosed by computed tomography(CT), magnetic resonance(MR) imaging, and cerebral angiography. They were fully recovered with systemic urokinase thrombolysis followed by heparin therapy. We report that the intravenous thrombolysis was potentially effective management strategy in our cases of DCVT with the totally occluded straight sinus.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2001

Objective : Albumin is a very useful drug for the improving of cerebral blood volume and the oncotic effect in cerebral ischemia or cerebral vasospasm. The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological and neurological effect of albumin therapy on reperfusion injury following transient focal cerebral ischemia. Materials and Methods : 18 Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 270-320g were used. The ischemia model was produced by 2-hour period of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with a poly-L-lysin coated intraluminal suture. The agent(20% human serum albumin[HSA]) or control solution(NaCl 0.9%) was administered intravenously at a dosage of 1% of body weight immediate after reperfusion following a 2-hour period occlusion. Neurological function was evaluated by the postural reflex and the forlimb placing test during occlusion(at 60 min) and daily for 3 days thereafter. The brain was perfusion-fixed, and infarct volumes and brain edema were measured. Results : The HSA significantly improved the neurological score in treated group. The rats of albumin treatment group showed significantly reduced total infarct volume(by 34%) and brain edema(by 81%) compared with salinetreated rats. Conclusion : HSA showed a substantial effect on the transient focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury model. These results may indicate its usefulness in treating reperfusion injury patients after thrombolysis treatment for the thrombo-embolic major cerebral artery occlusions.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1673-1676
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• 2000

Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome is a rare but fatal complication. It manifests as fever, skin rash, lymphadenopathy, and hepatitis. Phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine are the most frequently involved drugs. We here report a case of phenytoin-induced anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome. A 37-year-old woman presented with fever and generalized skin rash, 3 weeks following commencement of phenytoin 400mg daily for treatment of seizure after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery(STA-MCA) anastomosis for moyamoya disease. Her temperature was $39.3^{\circ}C$ and her face was edematous. Laboratory findings showed elevated hepatic enzymes and eosinophilia. Blood and urine culture were all negative. Initially, prednisolone was commenced at 30 mg daily. But fever and skin rash did not improved and hepatic function was more aggravated. After increasing dose of steroid(methylprednisolone 125mg/day), fever and skin rash disappeared and hepatic enzymes returned to normal range.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.sup2
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• pp.361-363
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• 2001

Intradural extramedullary hemangioblastoma of the spinal cord is uncommon tumor. Symptom onset is typically in the forth decade. Complete excision offers the best chance for cure. We report a case of extramedullary hemangioblastoma of the spinal cord in old age. A 76 -year old man presented with 1 month history of paraparesis. Multiple enhancing lower thoracic and lumbar spinal masses were seen on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Surgical exploration for symptomatic lesion revealed intradural-extramedullary mass, which had hypervascularity. The excised spinal masses were diagnosed as hemangioblastoma. Postoperative course was uneventful and symptoms improved gradually.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.555-558
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• 2000

Crowth of an angiolipoma of the central nervous system is rare. Only about 60 cases were searched in the literature. We report one case of spinal angiolipoma recently treated in our institution. A 67-year-old man was admitted because of burning sensation on the both lower extremities and paraparesis. He felt burning sensation on the both great toes and it progressively involved to thighs and inguinal area during the past 1 year which gradually worsened. MR image showed a spinal mass lesion at the level of T4 to T6. The lesion was isodense and hyperdense in periphery on T1-weighted image and hyperintense on T2-weighted image. The tumor was located on the posterior area of the spinal cord and markedly enhanced after intravenous Gd-DTPA. At the operation, a soft, dark-red mass was totally removed. On histological examination, the tumor was shown to be mainly composed of mature fatty cells and numerous blood vessels with enlarged lumens. Postoperative course was uneventful and the symptoms improved gradually.