• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.69 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate agronomic traits and classify phylogenetic characteristics of Korean wheat landraces (KWLs) collected in Gyeongnam province. We used the squash method for chromosome observation, image analysis to examine seed characteristics, and genotyping using commercial single-nucleotide polymorphism chips to construct a phylogenetic tree. All KWLs contained 42 chromosomes and two pairs of microsatellites as observed in Keumgang, a Korean wheat cultivar. All KWLs showed smaller seed traits compared with those of Keumgang, although KWL-3 had a larger embryo length than that of Keumgang. Among agronomic traits compared with those of Keumgang, all KWLs had a late heading date and ripening period except for KWL-3, which showed the smallest culm and spike length. KWL-1 had the lowest tiller, highest floret, and grain number. All KWLs showed a lower thousand grain weight than that of Keumgang because of their smaller seeds. In the variation of variety and area, the heading date, ripening period, tiller number, and floret number were affected by the cultivation area, whereas the culm length, spike length, and 1000 grain weight were affected by the variety. Correlation distribution analysis showed differences in agronomic traits according to the cultivation area, and the heading date was positively correlated with the culm length and floret number in three cultivation areas. Principal component analysis explained that the heading date had a positive relationship with the ripening period and floret number and a negative relationship with the tiller number. Principal component analysis also revealed that all KWLs had a lower thousand grain weight than that of Keumgang. Phylogenetic tree showed that KWL-1 was near KWL-3, while KWL-2 was near KWL-4. All KWLs were genetically near the Korean wheat cultivars milsung and saeol, whereas they were genetically far from the Korean wheat cultivars goso and olgrue.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.93-93
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• 2019

식생이 있는 개수로 흐름의 분석이 중요한 이유는 식생이 흐름 특성과 유사이송 및 하상변동에 영향을 주어 복잡한 흐름 현상을 만들어 내기 때문이다. 식생 밀도, 식생 길이, 식생이 식재된 형태에 따라 흐름의 현상이 달라지며, 흐름 특성의 변화로 인해 하상 및 주변 하천구조물에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 하천의 식생은 대부분 폭과 길이가 제한된 모습으로 존재하는 경우가 많으며, 식생이 존재하는 영역에서는 식생항력에 의해 유속이 감소하고 식생이 없는 영역에서 유속이 증가한다. 식생항력에 의해 변화된 흐름 특성은 일정 거리를 지나면 평형상태에 도달하게 되며, 식생의 경계면에서는 전단층이 발달하여 모멘텀의 교환이 활발하게 발생하는 현상을 보인다. 식생 흐름의 특성을 분석하기 위해 수치모형으로는 식생 흐름의 강한 비등방성을 모의할 수 있는 비등방성 수치모형이 적합하다. 본 연구에서는 부분 식생이 식재된 개수로에서 RSM (Reynolds stress model)을 이용하여 식생과 식생 주변의 흐름 특성 및 난류량을 분석하였다. 흐름의 변화에 따라 크게 3 구간으로 나누어 흐름 특성을 파악할 수 있으며, 식생의 밀도와 식생 영역의 폭의 길이에 따라 각 구간의 길이가 달라지는 것을 확인하였다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.652-659
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• 2015

The physical properties of wheat kernels were determined as a function of moisture content to optimize the design of equipment for post-harvest management. Several properties, including bulk density, dynamic repose angle, one thousand-kernel weight, specific gravity, length, width, thickness, and area of two wheat cultivars (Baekjjung: B and Jogyeong: J ), were studied in the moisture range from approximately 9% to 30% wet basis. As moisture increased, length increased linearly from 6.42 to 7.20 mm (B) and 8.71 to 9.15 mm (J), width increased from 2.90 to 3.49 mm (B) and 4.12 to 4.43 mm (J), thickness from 2.94 to 3.20 mm (B) and 3.29 to 3.63 mm (J), and area from 14.13 to $19.44mm^2$ (B) and 27.75 to $31.25mm^2$ (J). Additionally, the dynamic repose angle and one thousand-kernel weight increased linearly from $46.3^{\circ}$ to $54.0^{\circ}$ (B) and $46.3^{\circ}$ to $54.5^{\circ}$ (J) and from 32.26 to 41.51 g (B) and 45.30 to 63.07 g (J), respectively, as the moisture content increased. Based on the experimental measurements, only the bulk density and specific gravity decreased from 754.0 to $664.1kgm^{-3}$ (B) and 776.1 to $660.0kgm^{-3}$ (J) and from 1.2950 to 1.2265 (B) and 1.3379 to 1.2671 (J), respectively, as moisture content increased.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.385-389
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• 2011

In rubbing process, process factors, the properties of alignment layer and the physical properties of rubbing cloth have acted as important variables. These factors affect the orientation properties of the alignment layer by rubbed extent that is determined by rubbing density and rubbing force. In this work, we studied the effects of rubbing cloths with different pile density and rigidity on rubbing density(length) and rubbing force. As the pile density and rigidity of rubbing cloths increased, the birefringence and the surface roughness of the rubbed alignment layers became bigger, but the characteristics of rubbing-effect had differed each other. The pile density of rubbing cloths which was related with the number of pile, affected the rubbing density(length). On the other hand, the pile rigidity of rubbing was closely related to rubbing force rather than the rubbing density(length).

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.315-336
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• 2009

We have studied the orientational characteristics of microcrack frequency, it's length and density in Tertiary crystalline tuff from the northeastern part of the Gyeongsang Basin. 134 sets of microcracks on horizontal surfaces of 3 rock samples from Heunghae-eup were distinguished by enlarged photomicrographs of the thin sections. The variability in patterns among microcrack length-frequency histograms for three rock samples from different altitudes were derived. The pattern of histograms changes progressively from negative exponential form to log-normal form in proportion to altitude. The distribution pattern for rock sample no.1 from lower altitude shows the broad length distribution characterized by higher mean and median, and higher standard deviation. Meanwhile, this distribution pattern corresponds with characteristics of joint length distribution in sedimentary rocks of the lower part of the Gyeongsang Supergroup. The occurrence frequency of shorter microcracks increases toward both NW and NE directions from the $N0{\sim}10^{\circ}W$, with the dominant direction of $N80{\sim}90^{\circ}W$ and $N80{\sim}90^{\circ}E$, respectively. This distribution pattern represents the relative differences in formation timing among microcrack sets and the result of the new initiation of shorter microcracks. Meanwhile, the longest microcracks within $N60{\sim}70^{\circ}W$($L_{max}$:1.18 mm) and $N0{\sim}10^{\circ}W$($L_{max}$:0.80 mm) directions are seen, but this kind of microcracks are very limited in number. Whole domain of the directional angle($\theta$)-frequency(N), length(L) and density($\rho$) chart can be divided into five sections in terms of phases of the distribution of related curves. From the distribution chart, density curve shows five distinct peaks in the WNW-ESE($N70{\sim}80^{\circ}W$), NS~NNE-SSW($N0{\sim}10^{\circ}W$, $N10{\sim}20^{\circ}E$), ENE-WSW($N50{\sim}60^{\circ}E$), and nearly EW($N80{\sim}90^{\circ}E$) directions, respectively. Especially, main directions of faults correspond with the directional angle showing high density. Consequently, these distribution patterns of density curve reflect the representative maximum principal stress orientations suggested in previous studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.8 s.86
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• pp.53-66
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• 2005

This paper analyzes the effects of acceleration lane lengths on the traffic characteristics of merging areas. Two merging areas, Suwon IC and Singal JC, which have remarkably different acceleration lane length were selected as field study sites. Traffic data were collected through dividing each merging area into several subsections. Not only conventional flow, speed and density data but also a newly introduced MOE, density variation were used to analyzed the characteristics of merging area. Singal JC which has longer acceleration lane than Suwon IC showed more severe congestion, and the cause of the results was figured out.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2002

The properties of new porous carbon materials "Woodceramics" are affected by the characteristics of raw boards. To investigate of density profile and resin contents in impregnated boards, control board and 3 types of steam-injected boards were made by steam injection time, The wood species used for manufacturing boards was Sugi(Cryptomeria japonica). The results are as follows: 1) The density gradient of board after 10 minutes steam injection was the smallest and non-steamed board was largest. 2) The resin content and dimensional rise decreased with increase of board density, and were the largest in board after 10minutes steam injection but there was little difference between boards after 5 and 10 minutes steam injection.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.406-410
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• 2016

하도 식생은 흐름 및 유사의 거동에 영향을 미치며, 하도의 지형변화를 일으킨다. 또한 하천에서 생태계 서식처 형성을 하는데 영향을 주며 하천경관을 향상시킨다. 그러나 홍수시에 흐름의 저항을 증가시키고 수위를 상승하여 하천범람을 일으킨다. 따라서 홍수에 안전하고 하천 경관을 유지하면서 하천환경과 조화를 이루는 하도 식생관리 기술이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실내실험을 통하여 유량의 변화에 따른 식생대에서 퇴적과정과 하도의 변화 과정을 분석하였다. 실내실험은 길이가 10 m이고, 수로 폭이 0.6 m인 가변형 경사수로에서 수행하였다. 식생패치는 폭이 0.28 m, 길이 1.0 m로 2.0m 간격으로 교대로 3개 설치하였다. 식생패치는 지름이 5 mm이고, 길이는 0.25 cm인 아크릴봉을 이용하여 제작되었으며, 식생 밀도는 $1.76m^{-1}$이었다. 흐름은 식생이 없는 주수로에 집중되었고, 식생대와 주수로 사이에 와류가 형성되면서 하상이 세굴되었다. 식생대에서는 흐름이 감소되면서 유사가 퇴적되었다. 식생대를 따라 교호사주가 형성되었으며, 사행이 형성되었다. 유량이 증가하면서 식생대에서 퇴적 면적은 증가하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2003

Quality characteristics of dough and noodles prepared from Korean wheat flours (Gru and Tapdong) were evaluated by substituting foreign wheat flours and starch in the formula. Korean wheat flours showed greater water absorption and weakness as well as protein and ash contents, but lower stability than the foreign wheat (control) By increasing substituted foreign wheat flours, water absorption of domestic Gru and Tapdong decreased. Dough development time decreased for Tapdong by substituting up to 30％ with foreign wheat flours. When imported wheat flours added in Gru and Tapdong, weakness of dough was decreased. Adhesiveness of dough was increased in all samples according to water adding, and Gru particulary showed the most high adhesiveness at 65% water and 10~20% replacement. From the mechanical texture test, Tapdong noodles were increased in cutting force by increasing amounts of imported wheat but decreased in extension distance. However, Cru noodles showed the opposite tendency. Hardness, adhesiveness, and chewiness of noodles were increased in all samples by increasing amounts of substitution with imported starch. As a result of cooked noodles test, Korean wheat noodles showed relatively lower values in cutting force and extension distance than in those of the control Studies of noodle-related characteristics of Korean wheat flours indicated that domestic soft wheat such as Gru might have high quality above the foreign wheat in noodle preparation by adding flours containing high amylose or low gluten.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2014

In this study, a joint survey system was developed to efficiently analyze geometrical characteristics of joint structures in rock mass using photogrammetric technique. The system includes both hardware and software. The hardware consists of a high resolution image camera for photographing image of a surface of rock body, a direction controlling system for adjusting the attitude of camera, and a digital compass for measuring the rotation angle of camera. The software was also developed in order to analyze the orientation, density, mean length of joints revealed on the images of rock surfaces. The software developed in this study was named as JointeXtractor. As applying this system into several field measurements, the orientation, density, mean length of joints could be quantitatively measured through analyzing the images of rock surfaces, in which the case of a difficult-to-access area was especially included for the test of the system.