• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2020

As the earth's average temperature rises, crop and livestock productions are at risk. Chickens are sensitive to heat stress, and increased temperatures may have adverse effects on their production performance and animal welfare. Reliable stress measurements are crucial for heat stress adaptation. Therefore, various measurement methods and biomarkers are used to evaluate poultry stress levels. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are heat sensitive biological markers that are highly expressed under stress, thereby acting as a cellular thermometer. HSPs also have chaperone activity, which protects cells from heat stress. This review details the role of HSP70 as a molecular chaperone and biomarker for heat stress, which is important for breeding climate-adaptable, thermo-tolerant poultry.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.711-716
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• 2012

Due to the climate change in South Korea the annual total precipitation will increase by 17 percent by 2100. Rainfall is concentrated during the summer in South Korea and the landslide of farmland by heavy rain is expected to increase. Because regional torrential rains accompanied by a storm continue to cause the damage in farmland urgent establishment of adaptation plant for minimizing the damage is in need. In this study we assessed vulnerability of landslide of farmland by heavy rain for local governments. Temporal resolution is 2000 year and the future 2020 year, 2050 year, 2100 year via A1B scenario. Vulnerability of local government were evaluated by three indices such as climate exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity and each index is calculated by selected alternative variable. Collected data was normalized and then multiplied by weight value that was elicited in delphi investigation. Current vulnerability is concentrated in Jeju island and Gyeongsangnam-do, however, it is postulated that Kangwon-do will be vulnerable in the future. Through this study, local governments can use the data to establish adaptation plans for farmland landslide by climate change.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1231-1244
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• 2022

The frequency of exposure of field crops to stress situations is increasing due to abnormal weather conditions. In South Korea, large-scale diseases in representative paddy rice cultivation area were happened. There are limits to field investigation on the crop damage due to large-scale. Satellite-based remote sensing techniques are useful for monitoring crops in cities and counties, but the sensitivity of vegetation index measured from satellite under abnormal growth of crop should be evaluated. The goal is to evaluate satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) retrieved from different spatial scales using drone imagery. In this study, Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 satellites were used and they have spatial resolution of 10 and 30 m. Drone-based NDVI, which was resampled to the scale of satellite data, had correlation of 0.867-0.940 with Sentinel-2 NDVI and of 0.813-0.934 with Landsat-8 NDVI. When the effects of bias were minimized, Sentinel-2 NDVI had a normalized root mean square error of 0.2 to 2.8% less than that of the drone NDVI compared to Landsat-8 NDVI. In addition, Sentinel-2 NDVI had the constant error values regardless of diseases damage. On the other hand, Landsat-8 NDVI had different error values depending on degree of diseases. Considering the large error at the boundary of agricultural field, high spatial resolution data is more effective in monitoring crops.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

Global warming and climatic changes due to human activities impact on marine and terrestrial ecosystems, which feedbacks to climate system. These negative feedbacks amplify or accelerate again global climate change. In particular, it is important to analyze vegetation change. This study attempts to analyze quantitatively vegetation change in Korea peninsula by using harmonic analysis. Harmonic-Analysis based on Fourier Transform is the method to effectively demonstrate for time series data. Especially, Harmonic-Analysis is very suitable method to analyze vegetation change because the vegetation repeats the cycle growth and extinction every year. The result of harmonic-analysis shows vegetation change as time passes. In this study, SPOTNEGETATION S10 MVC NDVI data was used during last 10 years (1999-2008) in Korea Peninsula. Also, land type classification used MODIS Land Cover Map data. The study estimated that phase values moved up approximately 0.5 day per year in cropland and 0.8 day per year in forest.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.1103-1111
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• 2009

This study derived the analysis results of alternatives for integrated watershed management under urbanization and climate change scenarios. Climate change and urbanization scenarios were obtained by using SDSM (Statistical Downscaling Method) model and ICM (Impervious Cover Model), respectively. Alternatives for the Anyangcheon watershed are reuse of wastewater treatment plant effluent, and redevelopment of existing reservoir. Flow and BOD concentration duration curves were derived by using HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program - Fortran) model. As a result, low flow ($Q_{99},\;Q_{95},\;Q_{90}$) and BOD concentration ($Q_{10},\;Q_5,\;Q_1$) were very sensitive to the alternatives comparing to high flow($C_{30},\;C_{10},\;C_1$). Although urbanization makes the hydrological cycle distorted, effective alternatives can reduce its damage. The numbers of days to satisfy the instreamflow requirements and target water quality were also sensitive to urbanization. This result showed that the climate change and urbanization should be considered in the water resources/watershed and environmental planning.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effects of climate change on the survival and growth performance of Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi seedlings using open-field experimental warming and precipitation manipulation. We measured the survival rate, root-collar diameter, and height, and then calculated the seedling quality index (SQI) of 2-year-old seedlings under 6 treatments [2 temperatures (TC: Control; TW: Warming) × 3 precipitation manipulations (PC: Control; PD: Decreased; PI: Increased)] and performed a two-way ANOVA to test for differences.The air temperature of the warming plots was 3℃ higher than that of the control plots, while the precipitation manipulation plots received ±40% of the precipitation received by the control plots. Temperature and precipitation treatments did not significantly affect the survival rate of P. densiflora; however, the SQI of P. densiflora decreased with increasing precipitation. In contrast, the mortality rate of L. kaempferi increased with increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation. Furthermore, in L. kaempferi, TC × PI treatment resulted in the lowest SQI with a significant interaction effect observed between the two factors. In summary, low seedling production and quality should be expected in P. densiflora as precipitation increases and in L. kaempferi as temperature increases or precipitation decreases. These results indicate species-specific sensitivities to climate change of two plant species at the nursery stage. With the occurrence of global warming, the frequencies of drought and heavy rainfall events are increased, and this could affect the survival and seedling quality of tree species. Therefore, it is necessary to improve nursery techniques by establishing new adaptation strategies based on species-specific growth performance responses.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2022

Due to the accelerated global warming phenomenon after industrialization, the frequency of changes in the existing environment and abnormal climate is increasing. Agriculture is an industry that is very sensitive to climate change, and global warming causes problems such as reducing crop yields and changing growing regions. In addition, environmental changes make the growth period of crops irregular, making it difficult for even experienced farmers to easily estimate the growth stage of crops, thereby causing various problems. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a CNN model for estimating the growth stage of crops. The proposed model was a model that modified the pooling layer of ResNet, and confirmed the accuracy of higher performance than the growth stage estimation of the ResNet and DenseNet models.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.395-404
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• 2008

We explore the linkage between the long term variability of the Sun and earth's climate change by analysing periodicities of time series of solar proxies and global temperature anomalies. We apply the power spectral estimation method named as the periodgram to solar proxies and global temperature anomalies. We also decompose global temperature anomalies and reconstructed total solar irradiance into each local variability components by applying the EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) and MODWT MRA (Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Multi Resolution Analysis). Powers for solar proxies at low frequencies are lower than those of high frequencies. On the other hand, powers for temperature anomalies show the other way. We fail to decompose components which having lager than 40 year variabilities from EMD, but both residuals are well decomposed respectively. We determine solar induced components from the time series of temperature anomalies and obtain 39% solar contribution on the recent global warming. We discuss the climate system can be approximated with the second order differential equation since the climate sensitivity can only determine the output amplitude of the signal.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.345-345
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• 2023

기후변화에 대응하기 위한 가뭄과 홍수 등의 수재해 관리체계 수립의 필요성이 높아지고 있어, 기후예측모형과 연계하여 수문 및 에너지 순환과정에서 하천유출에 대한 기후변화 영향예측이 가능한 지표수문모형(Land Surface Model, LSM)의 개발과 적용이 요구되고 있다. 또한, LSM은 연속적이고 장기적인 유출을 모의할 수 있어 수재해에 관한 예측과 정보 제공에 유용하므로, 최근 수재해 예측시스템 구축을 위한 주요한 도구로 관심을 받고 있다. 이에 따라, 본 연구에서는 기후모형 CWRF(Climate-Weather Research and Forecasting Model)와 연계되어 물-에너지 순환모의가 가능한 최신 LSM 중 하나인 Common Land Model(CoLM)을 우리나라 유역의 장기하천유출모의에 적용하고자 한다. 대부분의 LSM은 지상의 물과 에너지 순환과정이 각 단일 격자의 수직적인 모의과정으로 제한되고 있었지만, 현재 지속적인 개선을 통해 많은 LSM에서 보다 현실적인 물과 에너지 변화를 모의하고자 노력하고 있다. 그러나, 지속적인 모형의 개선에도 불구하고(또는 그로 인해) 정교한 수학적 프로세스를 통합하여 개선된 최신 LSM은 오히려 복잡한 매개변수 체계, 매개변수 추정, 입력자료, 초기 및 경계조건 등에서 비롯된 불확실성이 존재하고 있다. 따라서, 모형의 주요 매개변수값의 추정은 모의결과의 성능과 안정성을 확보하기 위한 LSM의 모의에서 필수적인 과정 중 하나이다. 유역의 특성에 따라 결정되는 모형 매개변수는 관련자료의 부재 또는 관측의 부정확성으로 인해 검보정 과정을 통해 결정되어야 하므로, 유역의 수문특성을 최대한 반영하고 모형의 성능과 안정성을 확보하기 위해 모의목적에 따라 적절한 검보정 목적함수의 선정도 요구된다. CoLM과 같이 다양한 매개변수가 사용되는 LSM에서는 모의결과에 대한 불확실성을 줄이고, 모의목적에 따른 모형의 예측도 향상을 위해서 모의결과에 민감한 주요 매개변수의 검보정이 과정이 중요하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 격자기반 지표수문모형인 CoLM을 이용하여 우리나라 유역의 장기하천유출을 모의하는 과정에서 CoLM의 주요 매개변수 검보정에 필요한 적절한 목적함수의 적용을 통해 CoLM 장기하천유출 모의결과의 예측성능을 개선하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2022

기온, 강수량 등 기후변화에 따른 식물 멸종이 증가함에 따라 기후변화에 민감한 북방계식물의 중요성이 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구 대상종의 큰금매화(Trollius chinensis)는 북한 및 북방계 식물로 고산 초지에서 자생하는 미나리아재비과 여러해살이풀이며, 기후변화에 직·간접적인 영향을 받고 있는 실정이다. 이에, 큰금매화의 발아조건을 규명하여 종 복원과 대량증식법 개발을 위한 기초자료를 확보하는 데 목적이 있다. 종자의 형태학적 특성은 원형~계란형(circular~obovate)에 작은 돌기가 겹겹이 있는(Colliculate) 형태였으며, 종피는 진갈색이다. 크기는 길이 1.37±0.741mm, 너비 0.81±0.531mm이었다. 종자의 단면을 확인한 결과, 배는 작은 선형태(Axial-miniature)이었으며, 종자는 91%의 충실도를 보였으며 TZ 테스트에서 모두 배가 전체적으로 붉은색으로 염색되어 양호한 활력을 보였다. 처리구별 발아실험 전 종자 소독은 파종 전 70% 에탄올 처리 후 2%의 NaOCl을 넣어 10분 동안 소독 후 멸균수로 5회 수세하고 멸균수를 제거하여 침지처리에 사용하였다. 발아실험 결과 종자의 최종발아율(FGP)은 15/6℃ GA3 1000mg·L^-1 처리에서 40.0%로 가장 높았다. 평균발아일수(MGT)는 15/6℃ 무처리에서 22.8일로 가장 높았으며, 최종발아일의 평균은 약 9.5일로 확인되었다. 대부분 GA3 처리에서 최종발아율(FGP)이 20% 이상 높게 나타났으며, GA3 500mg·L^-1 보다는 GA3 1000mg·L^-1의 조건에서 3.3~5.5% 최종발아율(FGP)이 향상된 것으로 확인되었다. 한편, 온도 조건 25/15℃ 무처리에서는 발아가 확인되지 않았다.