• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.115-116
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• 2006

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.147-158
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• 2000

For the large scale reinforced concrete cooling tower shells, the shape imperfection can be introduced due not only to mistakes in the process of construction but also to the long term behavior of concrete. The shape imperfection evokes the additional responses such as displacements and stresses in addition to the design values. In this study, the statistical behavior of the RC cooling tower shell due to the shape imperfection is investigated using the Monte Carlo simulation. The radius of cooling tower and the shell thickness are adopted as the parameters which cause the shape imperfection. The shape imperfection is modeled as a stochastic field rather than the local one of axisymmetric or bulge type of imperfection. The randomness in the radius is shown to be more affecting the structural responses than the randomness in the shell thickness. In addition to the geometrical randomness, the effect of randomness in the modulus of elasticity on the structural response is also investigated and compared with that of the geometrical ones.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2012

The membrane structure maintains stable form by giving initial tension to ductile membrane and increasing the stiffness of exterior that is much adopted in the large span spatial structure by making its thickness thin. This kind of membrane structure has characteristic that can express free-form curve, so the selection of structural form is very important. So, this paper proposes the expression of free-form surface based on NURBS basis function and the finite element method considering geometrical nonlinearity for the deduction of large deformation result. Also, for minimizing the approximation of the surface that is derived from the form-finding result, the interface method that change finite element mesh to NURBS is proposed. So, the optimum surface of free-form membrane is derived.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2003

A geometric non-linear finite element formulation of CRTS reflector subjected to displacement loads, corresponding to the successional assembly steps of the reflector, is presented in order to determine the initial static equilibrium state based on the displacement incremental method. Parametric analyses of the influence of cables and mechanical properties of the reflector on the shape error between reference and equilibrium surfaces have been studied. These results of the present study are compared with the others using Galerkin mothod and NASS 98 program to demonstrate the feasibility.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1991

An efficient numerical procedure for material and geometric nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete shells under monotonically increasing loads through their elastic, inelastic and ultimate load ranges is developed by using the finite element method. The 8-node Serendipity isoparametric element developed by the degeneration approach including the transverse shear deformation is used. A layered approach is used to represent the steel reinforcement and to discretize the concrete behavior through the thickness. The total Lagrangian formulation based upon the simplified Von Karman strain expressions is used to take into account the geometric nonlinearity of the structure. The material nonlinearities are taken into account by comprising the tension, compression, and shear models of cracked concrete and a model for reinforcement in the concrete; and also a so-called smeared crack model is incorporated. The steel reinforcement is assumed to be in a uniaxial stress state and is modelled as a smeared layer of equivalent thickness. This method will be verified a useful tool to account for geometric and material nonlinearities in detailed analysis of reinforced concrete concrete shells of general form through numerical examples of the sequential paper( ).

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to develop the main program and pre/post processor for the geometric and plastic non-linear analysis of steel jacket structures subjected to wave and earthquake loadings. In this paper, steel jackets are modelled using geometric non-linear space frames and wave loadings re evaluated based on Morrison equation using the linear Airy theory and the fifth Stokes theory. Random wave is generated using JONSWAP spectrum. For earthquake analysis, dynamic analysis is performed using artificial earthquake time history. Also the plastic hinge method is presented for limit analysis of steel jacket. In the companion paper, the pre/post processor is developed and the numerical examples are presented for linear and non-linear dynamic analysis of steel jackets.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.12
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• pp.21-32
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• 2001

쌓기놀이는 유치원에서의 주요 활동이며, 유아들이 가장 선호하는 놀이일 뿐 아니라 교육적 가치도 크다고 보고 있다. 특히 쌓기놀이는 다양한 크기, 형태의 나무 적목을 사용하여 구성하게 되므로 공간 관계, 기하학적 도형, 대칭, 합동 등의 수학적 경험을 제공할 수 있다는 것이다. 그러나 교육현장에서의 쌓기놀이는 유아가 자유롭게 구조물을 만든 후 이를 극화놀이로 확장되어 전개되는데 그치고 있어 이를 통한 수학적 경험은 크게 기대할 수 없으며 우연적일 수 밖에 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유아의 쌓기놀이를 보다 기하학적 사고와 탐색을 포함하는 교수-학습의 방안을 모색하고 현장 적용성을 검토하고자하였다. 본 연구의 내용은 유아의 쌓기놀이 활동에 기초한 기하학습의 모형을 설계하고, 이를 기초로 한 적용사례를 제시하는 것이다.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2004

쉘은 곡률을 가지는 얇은 구조물로 정의된다. 자동차를 비롯하여 항공기, 우주 발사체, 인공위성, 선박 등의 운송수단과 건축물의 돔(done)과 같이 공간을 효율적으로 활용하고 동시에 경량화를 확보할 필요가 있는 경우에 쉘은 널리 사용되는 구조물이다. 쉘 이론은 1960년대까지는 전문가의 영역에 속해 있는 학문이었고 구조역학을 전공한 사람들에게도 다루기 어 려운 구조물로 인식되어 왔다. 실제 다양한 쉘의 거동은 역학과 수학의 폭넓은 지식을 요구하고 학문으로서도 그 속에서 평생을 보낼 만큼 매력적이고 어려운 부분들을 포함하고 있다고 생각된다.(중략)

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.201-211
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• 1997

A clearly consistent finite element formulation for geometrically non-linear analysis of space frames is presented by applying incremental equilibrium equations based on the updated Lagrangian formulation and introducing Vlasov's assumption. The improved displacement field for symmetric cross sections is introduced based on inclusion of second order terms of finite rotations, and the potential energy corresponding to the semitangential rotations and moments is consistently derived. For finite element analysis, elastic and geometric stiffness matrices of the space frame element are derived by using the Hermitian polynomials as shape functions. A co-rotational formulation in order to evaluate the unbalanced loads is presented by separating the rigid body rotations and pure deformations from incremental displacements and evaluating the updated direction cosines of the frame element due to rigid body rotations and incremental member forces from pure deformaions. Finite element solutions for the spatial buckling and post-buckling analysis of space frames are compared with available solutions and other researcher's results.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2012

Few paper deal with the dynamic bucking under the load with periodic characteristics, and the behavior under periodic excitation is expected the different behavior against STEP excitation. A space frame structure has high stiffness with a structure resisting external forces in steric conformation. According to many structural conditions, structural stability problems in the space frame are determined and considered very important. This study seeks to understand the space frame collapse mechanism using the 2-free nodes truss model in order to examine static structural instability characteristics of the latticed dome. According to geometrical shape, the star dome, parallel lamella dome and three way grid dome were selected as models. The models were examined for characteristics of instability behavior according to rise-span ratio(${\mu}$) and shape imperfection.