• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 2003

Experimental model studies were carried out to evaluate the end condition for drilled shafts by applying elastic impact on the top of the shaft, which is one of the various methods using stress waves. Typical impact responses corresponding to the various end conditions including free, fixed, rock-socketed, and soft-bottom with good and poor side contact conditions, were investigated. In order to simulate these renditions, mock-up shaft models made of cement mortar were used. Small-scale laboratory experiments were also performed, and field tests were carried out for the shafts that were socketed into weathered rock. It is found that the rock-socketed condition and depth of penetration into rock ran be identified from the reflection at the interface between the soil and rock in the waveform. The soft bottom rendition can be identified, only when the side contact between shaft and surrounding rock is poor, whereas it cannot be identified when the side contact is good because the waveform is similar to that of fixed end rendition.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.61-62
• /
• 2011

비닐하우스는 매우 세장한 강관부재들을 교차 결합하여 조립한 철골 구조물의 한 종류이다. 현행 설계기준으로 단동 비닐하우스의 최대 구조성능은 풍하중 40m/s, 설하중 50cm에 달한다. 그러나 설계 단계에서는 부재들의 교차결합 특성 및 부재가 직접 지반에 삽입되는 기초의 특성이 적합하게 반영되지 않는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 가력시험을 통하여 반강접 특성을 갖는 부재 교차부 및 지반삽입기초 조건이 구조물의 거동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 부재 교차부가 강접 조건일 경우와 비교하여 교차부가 반강접일 경우에는 재하지점의 수평강성이 최대 54% 작게 나타났으나 주변 교차절점들에서의 에너지 흡수로 인하여 재하지점과 수평으로 3m 떨어진 지점에서는 반대로 최대 39% 큰 값을 보였다. 지반삽입기초의 경우에는 고정조건과 비교하여 재하지점의 수평강성이 최대 32% 작게 나타났으며, 지점부에서는 기초 조건의 영향으로 최대 26%의 휨강성 증가 효과를 보였다. 부재 교차부와 기초 조건이 구조물의 정적거동에 미치는 영향을 확인하였으나 최대내력과 강성 산정을 통한 구조성능 평가 방법의 개발이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 2021

Storage racks have suffered huge losses due to earthquakes, but related research and regulations are relatively insufficient non-structural elements compared to the structural elements. In this study, we tried to experimentally analyze the behavioral characteristics of storage racks due to external force according to the fixing conditions of the column-foundations connection of storage racks. In general, the column-foundations connection of storage racks is installed according to the user's convenience without installation standards and regulations. For this reason, this study conducted a behavior analysis test on four full-scale storage racks with the condition of column-foundations connection of four typical storage racks. The behavior characteristics analysis test was performed by two-direction of the shake table with El-Centro seismic wave. To confirm the behavior characteristics according to the magnitude of the seismic load, 50% ~ 150% of the seismic waves were increased by 50% for each test. In addition, a resonance search test was conducted to confirm the natural frequency of each storage racks foundations fixing condition. Among the data obtained through the test, the displacement of the top layer and the permanent displacement after the test were compared for each condition to analyze the behavior characteristics of the column-foundations fixed conditions of the storage racks. As a result, the change of natural frequency was small in storage racks due to the change of the conditions of the foundations, and the behavior characteristics were changed due to the difference of the restoring force due to the change of the storage racks foundations condition rather than the influence of the natural frequency of the input load.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.853-861
• /
• 2015

In this study, FDM modelling with axisymmetry condition and interface element was verified whether it is reasonable to estimate compositive behavior of a piled raft foundation. To this end, the modelling validity of piled raft foundations was estimated by comparing and analyzing numerical analysis results and laboratory model test results. Also, load bearing ratio of a raft is analyzed by performing sensitivity analysis of foundation parameters with the actual field conditions. As a result of this study, correlation between bearing capacity and vertical displacement of numerical results turned out to be similar with that of a laboratory model test. In addition, ultimate bearing capacity of piled rafts and load bearing ratio of the raft is calculated to be similar in both cases. The load bearing ratio of the raft was also estimated to be in the range of 33% to 52% from the sensitivity analysis. The results were confirmed to be similar to the previous studies. Therefore, it can be inferred that piled rafts can be effectively modelled applying axisymmetry condition and interface element.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.5-16
• /
• 2023

The effect of raft flexibility on piled raft foundations in sandy soil was investigated using a numerical analysis and an analytical study. The investigation's emphasis was the load sharing between piles and raft following the raft rigidity (K_R), end-bearing conditions. The case of individual piles and subsequently the response of groups of piles was analyzed using a 3D FEM. This study shows that the α_pr, load-sharing ratio of piled raft foundations, decreases as the vertical loading increases and as the K_R decreases. This tendency is more obvious when using friction piles compared to using end-bearing piles. The effect of raft rigidity is found to be more significant for the axial force distribution - each pile within the foundations has almost similar axial forces of the pile head with a flexible raft; however, each pile has different values with rigid rafts, especially with the end-bearing piles. The axial force of the pile base with floating piles shows similar point-bearing resistance for all the piles; however, it shows different values with end-bearing piles. The differential settlement ratio of rafts showed a larger value with lower K_R.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.615-618
• /
• 2011

최근 건설공사에서 많은 물량이 투입되는 기초구조의 자재비 및 원가절감을 위해 여러 가지 기초구조시스템이 개발되고 있으나, 보편적으로 현장에 적용하기에는 다소 무리가 있는 것으로 지적받고 있다. 본 연구는 강판을 ㄷ자형으로 절곡한 기초전단보강시스템을 개발하기 위한 해석적 연구의 일환으로 진행되었다. 현행 전단머리 보강식에서는 기초판에 대한 전단내력 산정을 위한 기준식이 마련되어 있지 않으며 플랫플레이트 슬래브의 기준식에 따르도록 되어져있다. 그러나 기초판은 지반에 지지되는 구조물로 플랫플레이트 슬래브와는 경계조건이 다르다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지반에 지지된 경우와 플랫플레이트 슬래브와 같이 모멘트 제로지점을 단순지지한 형태로 기초구조물을 모델링하여 해석을 실시하였다. 해석프로그램은 유한 요소기법이 적용된 ABAQUS를 사용하여 두 지지조건의 차이가 구조물에 미치는 영향을 비교분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.32 no.8
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 2016

In this study, a sensitivity analysis was carried out by using numerical analysis under the consideration that it is difficult to analyze the behavior of real piled raft foundations on different ground conditions through a real scale test. The program used for numerical analysis is FLAC 3D based on the finite difference method. Piles were modelled by using pile element that is one of the structure elements of FLAC 3D and the ground and raft were modelled by using continuum element. With a fixed pile arrangement of $3{\times}3$, the diameter, length, space of piles, and ground conditions were selected as sensitivity parameters and their mutual correlation were investigated. As a result, the bigger and longer pile diameter, length and pile space are, the bigger the bearing capacity of the piled raft becomes. When pile space exceeded a specific value, however, the piled raft foundation behaved like a shallow foundation supported by only a raft. Also it can be confirmed that the better ground conditions are, the more total bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation increases.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.5-16
• /
• 2011

This paper presents the results of a three-dimensional finite element analysis on load supporting mechanism of pile constructed above underground cavity in limestone rock formation. Considering a wide range of cavity conditions, the behavior of pile was studied using the bearing capacity, rock yielding pattern, stress distribution and deformation of pile head and the cavity. The results indicate that the load transfer mechanism of pile, rock yielding pattern and the reduction of bearing capacity of pile significantly vary with the location, size and length of cavity. Based on the results, graphical solutions defining the reduction of the bearing capacity with specific cavity conditions were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2001

본 논문에서는 연약지반에 시공된 교대말뚝기초에 인접하여 성토하중이 재하될 때 발생하는 측방유동의 발생메커니즘을 규명하기 위해 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 본 수치해석에서는 점성토 지반과 점성토-사질토 지반 그리고 사질토-점성토 지반에 선단지지된 강관말뚝에 대하여 성토하중 크기(q=20, 75, 100kPa)와 말뚝두부조건(변위구송, 회전구속) 그리고 말뚝중심간격(s=2.5d, 5.0d, 7.0d, 단독말뚝)에 따라 측방유동압의 분포형태와 크기를 분석하였다. 그 결과 측방유동압의 분포형태는 교대말뚝기초의 수평변위와 유사한 형태로 나타났으며 측방유동압의 크기는 배면 성토하중의 크기에 대한 비로써 결정할 수 있었다. 그리고 점성토 지반과 점성토-사질토 지반의 경우, 측방유동압의 분포형태와 크기는 말뚝두부조건에 가장 큰 영향을 받는 반면 사질토-점성토 지반의 경우에는 말뚝두부조건보다는 토층조건에 가장 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 연약지반에 시공된 교대말뚝기초의 측방유동에 대한 설계 및 해석시 지침자료로서 측방유동압의 분포형태와 크기를 추천.제안한다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 2007

This study was undertaken in order to investigate the load bearing capacity of raft in a piled raft through the laboratory model tests, the numerical and analytical analyses. The model tests were conducted about a piled raft, the free-standing pile group, a single pile, as well as a shallow foundation under equal conditions. The pile spacing and length, group type and soil conditions were varied in the laboratory model tests. The experimental results were compared with those by the commercial program, DEFPIG, conventional methods and Phung's method. According to this study, the behavior of piled raft was affected by pile spacing, length and soil conditions. Phung's method proved to be reliable for estimating the experimental results.