• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.40-45
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 현장 작업자 개인이 느끼는 심리/환경적 부하를 정량적으로 파악할 수 있는 척도를 개발하였다. 이러한 척도는 현장의 중간관리자들이 간단한 기구와 직접 관찰을 통해 쉽게 사용할 수 있도록 설계되었다. 심리적 작업부하 측정은 기존 연구와 현장 작업자를 대상으로 한 인터뷰 결과를 바탕으로, 타당도가 높다고 인정되는 심리부하 측정 요소를 결정하였고, 문헌과 모의 검사를 통하여 부 담감이나 편의(bias)를 줄일 수 있도록 문항수 및 어휘를 선택하였으며, 각각의 설문은 다양한 문체 중 가장 신뢰도가 높은 형태를 선정하였다. 환경적 작업부하 측정은 문헌 조사를 통하여 측정을 위한 요소를 결덩하였고, KS 규격을 기존으로 새로운 환경부하 측정 지침서를 개발하였고, 현장 예비조사가 실시되었다. 또한, 환경부하 측정결과를 지수화하기 위한 수리적 모델과, 심리적척도와의 통합을 위 한 수리적 방법론이 제시되었다. 이러한 설문 문항과 환경조사방법은 작업장을 대상으로 적용하여 실 제로 그 효용성 여부를 검토하였다. 연구 결과 이제까지 소홀히 여겨왔던 작업자의 심리적/환경적 부 하를 정량적으로 간편하게 측정할 수 있는 방법이 개발되었고, 정량화한 심리/환경 부하 척도는 이제 까지 주로 조사되었던 생체역학적/생리적 부담도와 더불어 종합적인 작업부하 평가에 일익을 담당할 것으로 예상된다. 또한, 이러한 척도에 의한 결과는 현장 근로자들의 근로여건 개선을 위하여 노/사/ 정부 모두가 만족할 수 있는 객관적 자료로 사용될 수 있으며, 예방차원의 안전관리에도 응용될 수 있 을 것으로 기대한다.구로 신체의 종합적인 만족도, 선호를 취급하고 있을 뿐 신체각 부위의 만족 도나 선호에 관한 자세한 고찰을 하고 있지 않으며 자신의 신체에 대한 인식도 및 실제체형과의 비교는 이루어지고 있지 않다. 이에, 신체 각 부위에 대한 인식도 및 실제 신체 측정치와 만족도와의 관계 및 이상형에 대해 구체적으로 파악할 필요가 있다. 또한, 신체에 대한 이상형은 시대의 여러 여건에 따라서 변화할 수 있으므로 의복 착용자가 의복을 통해서 표현하고자 하는 이상형의 시대적 변화를 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 신체에 대한 인식도 및 만족도, 이상형에 대한 설문지 조사와 신체측정을 통하여 신체 크기에대한 만족도를 객관적인 척도로 고찰하고, 이상형과 실제 체형에 관하여 고찰하고자 한다. 도한, 1992년도 자료와의 비교를 통하여 시대에 따른 신체만족도와 이상형의 변화를 파악하고자 한다. 이를 기초로 한 의복원형 제작 및 의복 디자인에 대한 연구를 통해 의복의 맞음새가 좋을뿐만 아니라 의복착용자들 에게 심리적 만족을 줄 수 있는 의복 제작에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.적입지로 분석되었다.등 다양한 모형들을 고려해 본 뒤, 적절한 모형을 적용할 것이다. 가로망 설계 모형에서 신호제어를 고려하기 위해서는 주어진 가로망에 대한 통행 배정과정에서 고려되는 통행시간을 링크통행시간과 교차로 지체시간을 동시에 고려해야 하는데, 이러한 문제의 해결을 위해서 최근 활발히 논의되고 있는 교차로에서의 신호제어에 대응하는 통행배정 모형을 도입하여 고려하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 지금까지 연구되어온 Global

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.42-58
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to classify types of urban flower landscape. As a result of the study, first, through literature and case review, it was found that the four elements of place element, form element, natural element, artificial element, should be included in the sentence and key expression for defining the concept of flower landscape. In contemplating these four elements, a newly reconstructed concept of flower landscape was presented. This is expected to be the basis for the flower landscape integration theory. Second, flower landscape was defined as a genre and a unit of urban landscape. In addition, in order to build a system of flower landscape as a specialized area, after considering the concept, characteristics, and functions of a large category of urban landscape, its hierarchical categories with flower landscape were newly arranged. Thus, the flower landscape as an urban landscape was suggested. Third, in order to provide rational selection materials to consumers through type classification, related theories were investigated by expanding not only to the flower field, but also to the urban planning and urban ecology fields. 41 elements for the type classification were extracted, and 4 core elements were derived through the clustering process. Based on the 4 elements as the classification criteria, through the opinion verification from the FGI with experts, 9 types of middle-classification and 30 types of small-classification were derived. As a follow-up research suggestion, if a valid type is additionally established through a monitoring in the type application process, and more specified application types are developed and organized by expanding second-level classification hierarchy to the third-level hierarchy, this will lead to great studies improving the system of the types.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2004

Mentally disable children feel as failure because they have difficulty in restricted and undifferentiated communications with others. It also makes the counter-partner feel frustrated. Therefore, in the aspects of language acquirement and communication activities, it is essential to let the disable children learn and communicate voluntarily. Music provides the unthreatening and interesting stimulus as non-language communication vehicle. Musical experiences for mentally disable children's are multi-stimulating experiences that make a positive influence in speech and language development and development of variety of talents. There are many communication intervention and method to treat the mentally disable children. One of the most effective treatments for mentally disable children to acquire communication techniques by expressing the language more naturally and joyfully is the musical therapy. This study analyzes children's communication technique referring to response action and attempt action through video tape observation. Also, this study measured the receptive and expressive language by PRES(Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale) as a test tool in order to examine the pre-post language ability for respective children as pre-post period of therapy activity. First result of this study showed that music therapy with song was effective for mentally disable children in enhancing the communication techniques centered with communication response and in attempt action by increasing the communication action incidence. Secondly, pre-post comparison test with PRES showed that the music therapy with song was effective on improvement the receptive and expressive language ability of 4 children.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.287-298
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop and to explore the possibility of the serious language training game for students with intellectual disabilities. To do this, words of language training program were extracted from the National Common Basic Curriculum of Special School and the contents design of language training program were developed based on the evaluation of significance and difficulty by special teachers, special education professors, and special education experts. To explore the possibility of applying the serious language training game, a usability evaluation was conducted with 45 special school teachers and 31 students with intellectual disabilities. The results showed that the serious language game had a high level of usability as the special school teachers received 4.25 and the students with intellectual disabilities received 4.33 out of 5. But there is no difference of usability evaluation on the level of school and the arrangement of school. As a result of this study, we can draw a conclusion that there is a high possibility of applying the serious language game to language education for students with intellectual disabilities.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.330-338
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• 2002

Spontaneous speech is ungrammatical as well as serious phonological variations, which make recognition extremely difficult, compared with read speech. In this paper, for conversational speech recognition, we analyze the transcriptions of the real conversational speech, and then classify the characteristics of conversational speech in the speech recognition aspect. Reflecting these features, we obtain the baseline system for conversational speech recognition. The classification consists of long duration of silence, disfluencies and phonological variations; each of them is classified with similar features. To deal with these characteristics, first, we update silence model and append a filled pause model, a garbage model; second, we append multiple phonetic transcriptions to lexicon for most frequent phonological variations. In our experiments, our baseline morpheme error rate (WER) is 31.65%; we obtain MER reductions such as 2.08% for silence and garbage model, 0.73% for filled pause model, and 0.73% for phonological variations. Finally, we obtain 27.92% MER for conversational speech recognition, which will be used as a baseline for further study.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.735-750
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to relieve the difficulties caused by science terminology in science learning and increasing the efficiency of science education. The reason why students experience difficulties in science terminology is because science words are used without being filtered by a criteria and students have not had the opportunity to be educated properly in science terminology. As a way to solve this problem, we propose establishing a criteria about the science words used in science education and to teach the science words systematically to the students under the criteria. In this study, we used the method of empirical linguistics that investigate the science terminologies actually used in science education to establish a criteria for science words. As a basic research for this, we analyzed all words contained in the physics section of science textbooks for elementary and secondary schools. And then, we collected all words used in the physics section of science textbook, and selected the science words for teaching, and rated them by grade. As a result, a total of 930 physics terms were selected as the science words for grade 3 to 10. The numbers of physics terms per grade were as follows: 66 words for the 3rd grade, 38 words for the 4th grade, 35 words for the 5th grade, 28 words for the 6th grade, 203 words for the 7th grade, 135 words for the 8th grade, 123 words for the 9th grade, and 302 words for the 10th grade.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.353-370
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• 2016

This study examined elementary mathematics teacher's guidebook to determine the inclusion level of 11 critical features of evidence based instruction. And the inclusion level of the features in teacher's guidebook were interpreted as 'Low', 'Middle' and 'High'. The results are as followings. First, The overall inclusion level of the features in teacher's guidebook is 'Middle' The inclusion level of the features in teacher's guidebook for 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th were 'Middle' but for 5th and 6th were 'Low'. Second, the inclusion level of the features 'Clarity of Objective', 'Single Concepts and Skill Taught', 'Use of Manipulatives and Representation', 'Explicit Instruction', 'Provision of Examples for new concepts and skill', 'Adequate Independent Practice Opportunities' and 'Progress Monitoring' were 'Middle' The inclusion level of the features 'Review of Prerequisite Mathematical Skills', 'Error correction and Corrective Feedback' and 'Instruction of Strategies' were 'Low'. And discussed the results.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.620-629
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• 2015

As the construction industry becomes bigger and more complicated, standardization of terms should be established between academic and industrial fields in order to accumulate and share information technology. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the research trends and actual usage of construction and architectural terms in Korea. For this purpose, we examined research related to construction and architectural terms by searching RISS up to August 2014. We also analyzed document types and contents of research by year. As a result, 130 research studies related to construction and architectural terms were searched. Of document types, glossary ranks the highest, followed by academic journal papers, master's theses and research reports. Research related to construction and architectural terms began in 1939, and was actively studied between the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. Within the research, list and opinion of related construction and architectural terms are found the most frequently, followed by standardization, analysis, alteration, dictionary and wordbook, and search system of terms. Despite these efforts and research, standardization of terms has not yet been consolidated between academic and industrial fields. Therefor, we suggest six proposals in order to standardize the terms. This study is an attempt to see the trends and conditions of construction and architectural terms and to provide base-line data and an insight for future research.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.555-562
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• 2016

Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) is to determine the semantic relation of a predicate and its argu-ments in a sentence. But Korean semantic role labeling has faced on difficulty due to its different language structure compared to English, which makes it very hard to use appropriate approaches developed so far. That means that methods proposed so far could not show a satisfied perfor-mance, compared to English and Chinese. To complement these problems, we focus on suffix information analysis, such as josa (case suffix) and eomi (verbal ending) analysis. Korean lan-guage is one of the agglutinative languages, such as Japanese, which have well defined suffix structure in their words. The agglutinative languages could have free word order due to its de-veloped suffix structure. Also arguments with a single morpheme are then labeled with statistics. In addition, machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Condi-tional Random Fields (CRF) are used to model SRL problem on arguments that are not labeled at the suffix analysis phase. The proposed method is intended to reduce the range of argument instances to which machine learning approaches should be applied, resulting in uncertain and inaccurate role labeling. In experiments, we use 15,224 arguments and we are able to obtain approximately 83.24% f1-score, increased about 4.85% points compared to the state-of-the-art Korean SRL research.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.147-166
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• 2018

This study is to suggest the considerations in the rules for authorized access points for collocation of music work by figuring out the directions of authorized access points in FRBR, LRM, ICP 2016, RDA, and BIBFRAME, and by analyzing RDA rules for attributes and authorized access points of music works and expression and VIAF examples. First, an aggregated authorized access points were suggested as the direction of authorized access points, and original title may be selected as preferred title and the authorized access point may be based on forms in one of the languages suited to the users, if the original title is not normally suited. Second, music works's authorized access points is consisted of composer authorized access point and preferred title, and of adapter's authorized access point and preferred title in case of lacks of responsibility in composer. Also, the authorized access point of Korean traditional music work must be reviewed according to work types considering the responsibility of composer. Third, the controlled vocabularies for name of music type, medium of performance, and key could be considered for describing the attributes of work and expression. This study would be the foundation study for the authorized access point of music work, and additional research should be completed through surveying music user's need.