• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2016

A total of 228 dental hygienists working in dental hospitals and clinics in the Busan and Gyeongnam areas were surveyed between August 1, 2015, and October 15, 2015. The factors influencing infection control awareness and implementation levels among the dental hygienists were investigated to prepare basic data with the goal of establishing guidelines for systemic infection control. Treatment preparation support for infection control positively correlated with equipment and facility support (r=0.4343, p<0.01), treatment skill and information support (r=0.231, p<0.01), infection control education support (r=0.266, p<0.01), infection control awareness (r=0.354, p<0.01), and infection control implementation levels (r=0.442, p<0.01). Equipment and facility support positively correlated with treatment skill and information support (r=0.418, p<0.01), infection control education support (r=0.422, p<0.01), infection control awareness (r=0.404, p<0.01), and infection control implementation levels (r=0.454, p<0.01). Infection control education support positively correlated with infection control awareness (r=0.348, p<0.01) and infection control implementation levels (r=0.405, p<0.01). Infection control awareness positively correlated with the infection control implementation level (r=0.879, p<0.01). The factors influencing the awareness of infection control include treatment preparation support, equipment and facility support, treatment skill and information support, and infection control education support. The influencing the infection control implementation level include treatment preparation support, equipment and facility support, infection control education support, and treatment skill and information support. To enhance the awareness of infection control and implementation levels amongdental hygienists, an infection control system must be established and implemented A rigorous system for evaluating dental clinics must also be established to ensure an ideal dental treatment environment and to protect patients' health and safety.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine how dental hygienists health management and to what extent they used medical care services due to occupational diseases. It's ultimately attempted to improve the health care of dental hygienists and promote their health. After relevant literature and data were reviewed, a survey was conducted for five months from June through October, 2003. The subjects in this study were 160 dental hygienists who worked at dental hospital and clinics across the nation. And the collected data were analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows: (1) Concerning job-related health education experience, 83.1 percent, the greatest rate, had no experience to receive education, and the type of service made a significance difference to that(p<0.05). (2) As to in-house medical examination, 98.6 percent felt the need for medical examination, and 56.3 percent had ever their bodies examined. Their health examination experience was significantly different according to age(p<0.01), marital status(p<0.01), type of service(p<0.01), career(p<0.01) and yearly income(p<0.01). (3) Concerning how much they used hospitals after working as dental hygienists, 85.6 percent, the biggest group, had no experience to be hospitalized, and that was significantly different according to age(p<0.05), type of service(p<0.05), career(p<0.01) and yearly income(p<0.05). 51.9 percent had no experience to receive treatment as outpatients, and their career(p<0.01) made a significant difference to that. (4) As for how to cope with casual diseases, 34.4 percent, the largest group, visited pharmacies, and 32.5 percent, the next largest group, saw the doctors. In regard to herb restorative, 68.1 percent had no experience to take herb restorative, and that experience varied significantly with age(p<0.01), career(p<0.05) and annual income(p<0.01).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of microorganisms and the degree of contamination in the air of the dental clinics and to offer basic data as to the contamination of medical equipment and the prevention of the clinics. With this in mind, the researcher gathered air samples from the waiting rooms and medical offices of nine dental clinics in the city of J, South Korea with the use of a method of natural inattention and an air sampler and cultivated the samples on the plain table and drew from it bacteria falling and separated and sorted out the colony with the help of ATB and detected the distribution of the germs. The results are following, The number of bacteria falling in the air of the dental clinics was less than 10(CFU/Plate) with the exception of one dental clinic. This implies that they fit in with standards for hygiene. The number of bacteria falling in the air of the medical offices was less than 10(CFU/Plate) with the exception of one dental clinic. This implies that they fit in with standards for hygiene. The survey on the detection of staph. aureus reveals that all the dental clinics with the exception of B dental clinic proving to be positive had non-pathogenic staphylococci detected. The survey on the detection of pathogenic gram negative bacilli indicates that all the dental clinics but one were none detected. The survey on the distribution of germs shows that germs in 7 out of 9 dental clinics were none detected, and that they in four out of 9 waiting rooms were none detected. All the germs detected in the others were mostly non-pathogenic. The study shows that all the subject dental clinics but one were hygienically controlled and that there was a difference in accordance with cleaning and sterilization. This means that dental clinics should be equipped with systematic programs for cleaning and sterilization designed to prevent infection.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify the awareness of oral health workforce and the attitude concerning the health insurance benefit on topical fluoride application. The subjects are 173 dentists and 288 dental hygienists. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 12.0 statistical program. The findings of the study were as follows: Agree's (including strongly agree) ratios regarding to the health insurance benefit of topical fluoride application was 92.5% for dentists and 90.8% for dental hygienists. Appropriate age of health insurance benefit about the topical fluoride application was elementary, middle and high school students (8~19 years). This response ratio was high 45.7% for dentists and 43.2% for dental hygienists. Appropriate copayment (mean value) of health insurance about topical fluoride application coverage showed that NaF, $SnF_2$ solution and acidulated phosphate fluoride gel were 25,782 Korean Won (KRW) for dentist and 14,282 KRW for dental hygienist. Fluoride varnish copayment was 31,705 KRW for dentist and 17,979 KRW for dental hygienist. Fluoride iontophoresis copayment was 40,156 KRW for dentist, and 21,210 KRW for dental hygienist. The frequency of health insurance benefits about topical fluoride application was high in 'unlimited (37.5%)' for the dentists and 'two times (31.3%)' for dental hygienists. In conclusion, topical fluoride application should be included as one of the health insurance benefit items for oral health.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the oral symptoms, self-rated systemic health state and oral health status of industrial workers in a bid to provide some information on oral health education geared toward industrial workers. The subjects in this study were 294 workers who got a medical checkup in Korea Industrial Health Association in North Gyeongsang Province. Those who felt less inconveniences in the oral cavity led a better quality of life related to oral health in every area except physical handicaps (p<.001, p<.01). The men's OHIP-14 was higher than the women's, and the younger workers led a better quality of life related to oral health in the area of social separation(p<.01), and the married ones did in the area of physical handicaps, mental disorder and social separation(p<.05). And the workers whose household income was larger lived a better quality of life related to oral health in the areas of Psychological discomfort, physical handicaps, mental disorder, social disorder and social separation(p<.05). Those who found themselves to be generally in good health(p<.001, p<.05) and whose subjective oral health state was led a better quality of life in every area(p<.001, p<.05). The findings of the study showed that there were differences in the quality of life according to awareness of oral symptoms, general health status and oral health state.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.624-630
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• 2015

This study examined the genetic distance among Chikso (Korea native brindle cattle) in nine regional areas using allele frequencies and a genetic diversity analysis with microsatellite markers. The analysis of the genetic diversity and genetic relationships of 2068 Chikso (383 KW, 180 GG, 52 KN, 129 KB, 332 UL, 24 JN, 198 JB, 148 CN, 622 CB) was carried out using 11 microsatellite markers. The number of alleles, observed heterozygostiy (H_obs), expected heterozygosity (H_exp), and polymorphism information content (PIC) of the 11 microsatellite markers were 8–24, 0.672–0.834, 0.687–0.886, and 0.638–0.876, respectively. The expected probability of identity values in random individuals (PI), random half-sib (PI_half-sibs), and random sibs (PI_sibs) were estimated to be 5.24×10⁻¹⁹, 2.63×10⁻⁰⁶, and 2.63× 10⁻⁰⁶, respectively, indicating that these markers can be used for traceability systems in Chikso cattle. The results of a phylogenetic tree (neighbor-joining tree), principle component analysis (PCA), and factorial component analysis (FCA) revealed genetic distance among nine Chikso populations. In conclusion, this study provides useful basic data that can be utilized in Chikso breeding and development. In addition, we will have to manage and conserve as a valuable genetic resource, without losing diversity of Chikso.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.415-425
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• 2013

This study compared the characteristics of five Bacillus strains capable of aerobic and anaerobic growth, CBW3, CBW4, CBW9, CBW14 and EBW10. They were isolated and selected from a polychaete, Perinereis aibuhitensis, which is known as a good degrader of organic compounds in marine wetland. Based on a 16S rRNA sequence, CBW3 and CBW14 were found to share more than 99.8% similarity with B. nanhaiensis, B. arsenicus and B. barbaricus. CBW4, CBW9 and EBW10 shared 92.7%, 99.8%, and 99.8% similarity with B. anthracis, B. algicoa and B. thuringiensis, respectively. The temperature, salinity, and pH ranges of the cell growth of the Bacillus strains were $4-45^{\circ}C$, 0-17%, and pH 5-pH 9, respectively. All Bacillus strains were found to exhibit enzyme activities for the degradation of casein and starch. Notably, strain EBW10 exhibited the enzyme activities for all the tested macromolecules, DNA, casein, starch, cellulose, and four kinds of Tweens, which suggests the possibility that it had protease, amylase, cellulose, and lipase. All five Bacillus strains had alkaline phosphatase activities, and the strains CBW3, CBW4, and EBW10 also had acid phospatase. Strains CBW3 and EBW10 exhibited the enzyme activities both for esterase (C4) and esterase lipase (C8). The analysis of fatty acids revealed that in all strains, major fatty acids were anteiso $C_{15:0}$ and iso $C_{15:0}$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1267-1272
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and infection status of Salmonella species (spp.) in 25 conventional pig farms by traditional fecal culture and serological methods to develop a Salmonella control program for Korean pig farms. The individual seroprevalence of Salmonella spp. in pigs reared in the 25 pig farms was 83.1% in sows and 6.4-32% in different aged pig groups, with the total seroprevalence 28.4% (141/848). The seroprevalence of the tested pigs increased in accordance with the decrease in maternal antibody and the rearing period on these farms. Of note, all the 25 pig farms contained at least two or more anti-Salmonella antibody-positive sows. In the fecal cultures Salmonella spp. were isolated only in three (12.0%, 3/25) of 16 serologically Salmonella-suspected farms (64.0%, 16/25), showing the limitation of the fecal culture method and the need for serum assays to understand the exact status of Salmonella infection in swine herds, which likely contain subclinically infected pigs or carriers. The results highlight the need to establish a supply system of Salmonella-free gilts for the promotion of a national Salmonella control program on swine farms in Korea. Further studies will be needed to develop an effective monitoring system for the implementation of a national Salmonella control program.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2002

The top shell, Omphalius pfeifferi capenteri meat vacuum-packed in can (diameter$\times$height, 74.1mm$\times$50.7mm) were heated at 115$^{\circ}C$ up to $F_0$ values of 5 min, 10 min, 15 min and 20 min, and the changes in food components were studied. After 14 days storage at 37$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$, no growth of microorganism and panelling were recognized from the canned meats which were sterlized at 115$^{\circ}C$ with $F_0$ value of S min and over. In the case of proximate composition of the canned meats, the moisture content decreased with the increase of $F_0$ value, while crude protein increased. The increase of volatile basic nitrogen content, pH and degree of browning and the decrease of mineral, total amino acid, free amino acid, trimethylamine oxide, total creatinine contents and yields were observed during thermal processing, In sensory evaluation on color, texture and taste in the canned meats, no significant difference was observed among a boiled sample and the canned meats heated at re value of 10 min and below. But, in the canned meats heated at $F_0$ value of over 15 min, its sensory scores decreased with the increase of $F_0$ value. From these results, the reasonable $F_0$ value for preparation of the heat-treated top shell meats was in the range of 5$\~$10 min.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.151-162
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• 1977

Distribution of marine algae is diverse in Korea and the resource of edible algae is abundant marking 239,037 tons of yearly production in 1976. They have been known as a protein source and used as a supplement in Korean diet. It is necessary to estimate the potentiality and properties of usable algal proteins especially as food resources and studies of extraction and separation of the proteins, therefore, are basically required for this purpose. In this study, the influence of various factors including the sample treatment, extraction time and temperature, sample us extraction solvent ratio and pH upon the extractability of the water soluble protein was determined. And the effect of precipitation treatment for isolation of the algal protein from the extracts was also tested. Nine species of algae, the major ones in consumption as food namely Porphyra suborbiculata, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiforme, Sargassum fulvellu, Enteromorpha linza, Codium fragile, Sargassum kjellmanianum and Ulva pertusa were collected as fresh from Kijang, Yangsan Gun, in the vicinity of Busan city. The content of crude protein $(N\times6.25)$ of the algae ranged from $9.46\%\;to\;24.14\% showing the highest value in Porphyra suborbiculata and the minimum in Hizikia fusiforme. In the effort of maceration of blending methods on the extractability, immersion freezing in dry ice-methanol solution appeared most effective yielding 1.5 to 2.5 times extractability than that of the mortar grinding method. The effect of the ratio of sample vs solvent on extractability differed from species. It was enhanced at the ratio of 1:20 (w/v) in Ulva pertusa and Enteromorpha linza while the ratio was 1:30 (w/v) for Cedium fragile, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiferme, Sargassum fulvellum and Porphyra suborbiculata and 1:40 for Sargassum kjellmanianum respectively. The effect of extraction time and temperature was revealed differently from species which might be caused by differences in the constitution of algal tissues resulting in that the extraction for 1 hour at $50^{\circ}C$ gave the maximum extractabilily in Ulva pertusa and Enteromorpha linza, 2 hours in Porphyra suborbiculata, Hikikia fusiforme, Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum kjellmanianum and 3 hours in Codium fragile. And the extractability was higher at $50^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$ for the most of the tested samples except Hizikia fusiforme. The optimum pH for the extraction was 9 to 12. The recovery of extractable nitrogen to the total nitrogen was $63\%$ in average with the first extracts and $8.6\%$ with the second extracts respectively. Both extracts were prepared by 2 hour extraction at $50{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ with dry ice-methanol frozen and seasand macerated materials. And these conditions assumed to be an optimum for the extraction of water soluble algal proteins since the nitrogen content after the first extraction covered $90\%$ of the total water extractable nitrogen. In the precipitation of the extracted proteins, Barnstein method and methanol treatment seemed to be more efficient than other precipitation methods.