• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine brain structural abnormalities in autistic children. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) findings in 22 male children with a DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnosis of autistic disorder and 17 non-autistic male control children were investigated. The ratio measures by lineometry was used to examine the cerebrum, midbrain, cerebellum, brain stem and ventricular system. The left to right ratio of the lateral ventricle was larger in autistic children than in controls. The pons was significantly larger in autistic children than in controls, and the cerebellum was smaller in autistic children. There were no significant differences between autistic children and controls in the symmetricity of the fontral lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe, and in the size of the midbrain and 4th ventricle. These findings suggest that autistic disorder may be related to structural impairment of the brain.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2000

Snailfish usually lives at the bottom of the sea and showed typical retrogressive change with specialized tissue structures of skin and skeletons. In order to obtain the specific genes of snailfish, highly expressed in the body, we made subtracted cDNA library and analyzed 200 clones. Totally 200 clones were obtained and sequenced, and among them 62 clones were turned out to be homologous to the known gene, i.e., thioesterase (9), myosin (8), creatine kinase (7), skeletal alpha-actin (6), parvalbumin b (5), ribosomal protein (5), type I collagen (3), muscle troponin (3), dopamine receptor (2), histatin (2), and heat shock protein (2), cystatin (1), lectin (1), statherin (1), secretory carrier membrane protein (1), keratin type I (1), desmin (1), chloroplast (1), muscle tropomyosin (1), reticulum calcium ATPase (1), ribonucleoprotein (1). The remaining 138 clones were low homologous or non-redundant genes through Genbank search. Especially 5 clones were novel and specifically expressed in the body tissues of Snailfish by in situ hybridization. Therefore, we analysed these 5 clones to identify the C-terminal protein structures and motifs, and partly defined the roles of these proteins in comparison with the expression patterns by in situ hybridization. C9O-77, about 5000 bp, was supposed to be a matrix protein expressed strongly positive in epithelium, myxoid tissue, fibrous tissue and collagenous tissue. C9O-116, about 1500 bp, was supposed to be a transmembrane protein which was weakly expressed in the fibrous tissue, epithelium tissue, and myxoid tissue, but strong in muscle tissue. C9O-130, about 1200 bp, was supposed to be an intracytoplasmic molecule usually in the epithelial cells. C9O-161, about 2000 bp, was weakly expressed in epithelium, muscle tissue and myxoid tissue, but specially strong in epithelium. C9O-171, about 1000 bp, was supposed to be a transcription factor containing zinc finger like domain, which was intensely expressed in the epithelium, muscle tissue, fibrous tissue, and in collagenous tissue.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 2014

The following conclusion was made from the 2D-QSAR model for the tyrosinase inhibitory activity according to the variation of the substituents R1 and R2 in analogues of compound 2-[(2,6-dioxocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexane- 1,3-dione (1-23). The best optimized 2D-QSAR model was $Obs.pI_{50}=-0.295({\pm}0.031)TDM$ $-0.120({\pm}0.014)DMZ+0.135({\pm}0.050)DMX.R_2+6.382({\pm}0.17)$, and the correlation $r^2=0.905$) of which was greater than its predictability ($q^2=0.843$). The magnitude of the effect of tyrosinase inhibitory activities was in order of TDM > $DMX.R_2{\geq}DMZ$, and it tended to increase as the hydrophobicity of substrate molecule (ClogP > 0) as well as the steric favor of substituent $R_1$ increased. The analysis of the model implies that inhibitory activity of substrate molecule will increase as $DMX.R_2$ (Dipole moment X component of $R_2$-substituent) increases, while TDM (Total Dipole Moment) and DMZ(Dipole Moment of Z-Component) decrease. As such, it is deemed feasible to conclude, that in order to increase the inhibitory effect, it would be rather desirable to replace the polar groups within the molecules with non-polar functional groups.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.739-747
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• 1997

This study was performed to clarify various conditions on the test of lipoxygenase-l and to establish the application of new test method for varietal improvement of soybeans in order to decrease beany flavors. Potassium borate and Tris were used as buffer and O.1M potassium borate solution showed the best result for the lipoxygenase-l test. In the range of pH 8.5~9.0 of the buffer, 2mM linoleic acid as substrate was effective. For color development, 100$\mu$l of two solutions(KI and starch) were added to the half soybean seed, successively. The substrate solution included linoleic acid was stored safely for 10 days at 4$^{\circ}C$ in refrigerator and for 4 days at room temperature. The best result was as follows; the 1ml of substrate solution[0.1M potassium borate(pH 9.0), 0.1％ Tween-20, 2mM linoleic acid] was added to the chipped half soybean seed in l.5ml plastic tube, waited for 15 minutes, and 100$\mu$l of color development solutions(5％ saturated KI in 15％ acetic acid, 1％ starch) were added to the tube, successively. After 4 hours, the purple color was observed in the upper phase of the plastic tube in the presence of lipoxygenase-1 and milky color in absence of lipoxygenase-1. The purple color was stable from 4 to 24 hours. There was no interfering effect by lipoxygenase-2 and -3. The plastic tube should be placed in the tube stand without shaking during the lipoxygenase-l test.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.342-351
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• 1999

The forest vegetation developing on Mt. Inwang, an isolated forestland in Seoul, Korea was analyzed phytosociologically and its spatial distribution mapped out. Using the vegetation map, The characteristics of landscape structures in terms of the number and size of patches are discussed. Forest vegetation of the study area was classified into ten communities, ten groups, and eighty subgroups. Landscape element types were classified into secondary forests, relict communities, introduced plantations, and other elements including urbanized area. Pinus densiflora community, natural forest and Robinia pseudo-acacia community, plantation, formed matrix and some secondary forest elements, relict communities and the ether plantations of small size tended to distribute as small patches in such matrix. The number of patches per unit area in secondary forest elements was more than that in plantation elements. The result in patch size was vice versa. The vascular plant species richness of the landscape element types in Mt. Inwang was found to he positively related to their size. As the results of landscape ecological analyses, it was estimated that differentiation of patches recognized in community level would be related to human interference a and those in subordinate levels to natural process such as progression of succession.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.258-263
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• 2009

Jet Loop Reactor(JLR), in which a two-phase nozzle is installed, is the new design technique for the treatment of high concentration wastewater by accelerating of oxygen contacting between substrate and surrounding bacteria. This numerical study of the two phase jet flow was conducted to find the optimum design of JLR. It was shown that there was a minimum velocity in the nozzle for continuous circulation of wastewater. The optimum location and the size of the draft tube for continuous circulation were examined. It was certain that the smaller the air size is, the more the effect of the mixing increases. The relation between the mixing effect and the turbulence was confirmed.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.255-260
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• 2007

The loess on the Chinese loess plateau is not only the accumulation of Asian dust but also the source materials of Hwangsa. The eolian carbonates of the loess were dissolved and reprecipitated to form secondary pedogenic carbonates by the post-depositional weathering during the interglacial time. Mineralogical analysis shows that the secondary calcites are composed mostly of a nanosized fibrous calcite with rather constant width ($30{\sim}50nm$) and highly variable length. The nano calcite is the major authigenic mineral, which occurs as the fine-grained matrix of the loess and paleosol. The nano calcite was recently reported in the Hwangsa, where it was originated from the source regions of Chinese loess plateau.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.433-435
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• 1999

대기 중에 존재하는 에어로졸은 물리ㆍ화학적인 반응에 의하여 생성되며 금속, 수용성 성분을 비롯한 탄소입자 등으로 복잡하게 이루어져 있다. 이들은 대기중에서 시정감소와 광산란을 야기시킬 뿐 아니라 인체에 흡입되어 호흡기질환등을 야기 시킨다(Holt,1988). 또한 분진은 입자의 크기가 작을수록 상대적으로 표면적이 증가하여 각종 유해 대기오염물질과 흡착하여 인체에 악영향을 미친다(Simpson, 1992; John et al., 1990).(중략)

• Membrane Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2001

본 논문은 인공 진피와 조직공학용 scaffold로 이용하기 위해 다공성 membrane로서 gelatin-based sponge의 효율성을 연구하였다. 불용성의 다공성 membrane은 1-ethyl-(3-3dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide(EDC)로 가교하여 제조하였다. Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) 그리고 Instron analysis로 다공성 membrane의 특성을 조사하였다. 다공성 membrane은 용적당 큰 표면적을 제공하는 micro porous한 구조를 가지고 있다. Gelatin/hyaluronic acid (HA) membrane의 공경크기는 40~200$\mu\textrm{m}$이다. HA의 첨가는 다공성 membrane의 기계적 강도와 세포부착능력에 영향을 미쳤다. Gelatin/HA 다공성 membrane의 압축강도는 collagen과 비슷하며, 세포배양과 인공진피 transplantation에 있어서의 충분한 기계적 강도를 가지고 있다. Fibroblasts를 함유한 진피기질을 제조하기 위해 직경 8mm의 다공성 membran에 4$\times$10(sup)5cells/membrane의 세포밀도로 fibroblast를 배양하였다. GH91 porous membrane에서의 fibroblast 부착성은 GH55 porous membrane에서보다 우수하였다. 삼차원 구조의 gelatin/HA membrane matrix에서의 fibroblast의 배양은 생체내 조건과 유사한 생리적 환경을 제공하였다.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.139-140
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• 2003

성대 결절 환자들은 잘못된 발성 패턴으로 인한 음성의 오용과 남용이 질환의 원인인 경우가 대부분이다. 관찰할 수 있는 발성 패턴은 성대 내근과 외후두근의 사용, 인두, 혀, 턱의 움직임, 호흡 방법, 억양의 변화 등 다양하다. 이러한 발성 패턴이 하나 혹은 그 이상 잘못 되어 있을 경우에는 후두에 좋지 않은 영향을 미쳐 기능성 후두 질환, 성대 결절, 성대 폴립 등의 기질적 질환과 연계될 수 있다. 성대 결절에서 일반적으로 관찰되는 발성 패턴으로는 성대 전체를 강하게 접촉하여 발성하는 경우와 반대로 성대 수직면 위쪽 즉 상순쪽만 가볍게 부딪혀서 발성하는 경우로 나타난다. 두 경우 모두에서 성대 결절이 발생하며 그 기와 위치가 조금씩 달라지게 된다. 이렇게 성대 결절이 발생했을 경우 널리 제시되고 있는 치료 방법으로 환자의 잘못된 발성 습관에 대한 상담과 함께 하품-한숨 접근법이나 노래 조로 말하기, 저작하기와 같은 성대 접촉을 줄일 수 있도록 하는 것이다. 그러나 성대 접촉이 되지 않아 발생된 성대 결절 환자의 경우는 일시적으로 결절의 크기는 줄일 수 있을 것이나 치료 결과가 유지되는 측면의 고려가 부족한 것이 사실이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 성대 결절 환자들의 발성 패턴을 관찰하고 그 상태에 따라 음성 치료를 접근하여 치료 결과 및 유지 효과를 확인하고자 한다. (중략)