• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2D
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• pp.247-253
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• 2011

In 2009, the Korean international construction industry showed a great performance, totaling 49.1 billion of contract and then this achievement has been considered a key milestone presenting that the international construction industry is one of the primary export industries of Korea. However, because of the construction firms' equalized levels of technology and price competitiveness, the competition among bidders is becoming more intensive. Moreover, this changing market circumstance leads construction firms to apply for bidding with the lowest price that could not meet the expected profitability of a project. Therefore, to develop various strategies based on project characteristics becomes one of the critical capabilities that construction firms should possess. Based on these motives, this study is aimed to investigate associations among number of bidders, contract award rate, profitability on international projects. For the correlation analysis, a set of data is structured by collecting all projects ranging from 1993 to 2009, excluding projects funded by official development and domestic funds. The number of bidders were grouped depending on project characteristics such as market regions, project types, bidding types, and order organization types. As the result of correlation analysis, contract award rate increases as the number of bidders increase, but the relationship between the number of bidders and profitability is negative. Understanding the correlations among variables can be employed in developing strategies to improve construction firms' competitiveness in the international construction market.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.231-236
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• 2013

We investigated the optical design of a smart headlamp capable of producing various beam patterns through only on/off modulation of light sources. This was implemented by forming a continuous matrix of beams from discontinuous beam patterns by means of a multi-array LED optical system. As one such optical system, the multi-array LED system is a convenient and economical device for implementing beam patterns with the simple on/off modulation of the light sources. A single optical assembly module can be made by combining a multiple-LED array, optical system module, and electronic control with no need for any additional mechanical components. The present optical system was designed to include a secondary lens and a projection lens mounted at the front of each LED in the array to realize accurate lighting patterns as well as the required luminosity at a distance of 25 m in the forward direction. Finally, we identified and analyzed the patterns implemented by the designed optical system that produced satisfactory performance of high beams and adaptive driving beams (ADB).

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2018

This study suggests desirable disaster safety education curriculum through analyzing the operational status of the school disaster safety management training course and demand survey of school staff. First, the problem of the disaster safety training course of the school is not connected with the lack of law and system and the school disaster safety job. Second, improvement of law and system and variety of training should be made to acquire professional knowledge. Third, it is necessary to divide curriculum into the following four categories, according to educational needs of public officials ; Educational administration officers course focused on facility safety, maintenance and disaster countermeasure. Educational officials in technical post course addressing approval and permission of school facility projects, seismic reinforcement of school building, etc. Educational supervisors course covering roles and responsibilities of the school safety supervisors in the event of disaster. Teaching staffs course focused on safety instructions for students. Fourth, it is found that lectures and experiential learning methods are the most desirable methods of teaching and learning, and the major ranks are earthquake disaster, fire, gas, typhoon, school road, and electrical safety.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.335-349
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• 2004

Recently, there is change the environment of education due to development of Science Technology Specially, As education information on web increased by internet, using education web data by mean of medium that aids learning by computer. Also It studied method that used the Computer as learning medium through the CAI(Computer Assisted Instruction), ICAI(Intelligent CAI), and ITS(Intelligent Tutoring System). But legacy system are not support efficient method that learns to vary learner suitable learning method by individual level. Specially It is not suitable the education course to direct current course of education, and not consider different of student capability, aptitude, need, interesting, not maximized the individual growable power and effect of education. To solve the this problem, our paper suggest the web-based self-directed MITS(Multimedia ITS) that supply the needed the information on web, make the environment that can self-directed learning. To maximized effect of individual learning, our paper structured coursed, characterized, related learning contents in region of numeral at mathematics of primary school. And then integrated contents and class, design and implement the web-based MITS that consist of 4 module to escape from limitation of learner grade, learning time, learning place.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.253-265
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• 2011

A number of organizations have had big interests in studies concerning leadership and not only academia but also psychological areas do also. Until now, leadership has been accentuated by managers or team leaders especially. Recently, however, the concept of self-leadership directing one's own activities through self-control or self-management is being focused on in practices and in academia. This study is to investigate the influence between self-leadership strategies as predictors and learning performance in IT classes as dependents variables mediated by attitude of attendance focused on the social science students in two universities (Korea(116 samples) and India(36 samples)). And this research tried to compare difference between two university students. As a result of empirical analysis, Korean learners making an effort by themselves show a tendency to think constructively. Namely, even though the level of difficulty may be high, by positive self-talk, respondents usually make an effort to get high academic performance. In case of Indian respondents, students who are in behavior-oriented show higher academic performance. Research results can give us direction of task-taking attitudes in firms or learning attitudes in teaching organizations and implications to human resource managers who are in charge of improving learning performance or productivity.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

In this paper, we proposed a parametric estimation method for estimating H/W cost by using the development data of professional service robot in Korea. In addition, we derived the factors and weights that we can estimate the costs depending on the application environmental conditions of the robot. For the analysis, we developed the equation of professional service robot cost estimation using parametric method. We also derived the adjustment factors and following weights through FGI and Delphi for environmental conditions. We have developed a cost estimation equation that reflects the weight, volume, and manufacturing difficulty, and can derive a relational equation that reflects the environmental factors(dust/water, heat/cold, safety, test, technology innovation). This provides an objective basis for estimating the cost of professional service robots and will lead to ongoing research for estimating the H/W development cost of professional service robots. In the future, we will increase reliability by collecting abundant data, and will strengthen models through finding functional factors.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 2020

The ongoing development of autonomous driving-related technology may cause different kinds of accidents while testing new changes. As a result, more information on ODD suitable for the domestic road environment will be necessary to prevent safety accidents. Besides, implementation of the Autonomous Vehicle Act will increase autonomous driving demonstrations on roads currently in use. This study describes an ODD for demonstrating an autonomous driving shuttle in downtown areas. It addresses a possible scenario of autonomous driving around a downtown road in Anyang. Geometric, operational, and environmental factors are considered while maintaining a domestic road environment and safety. Autonomous driving shuttles are demonstrated in 30 nodes, each identified by node type and signal-communication. Link criteria are an autonomous driving restriction in 42 morning peak (8-9am) hours, 39 non-peak (12-13pm) hours, and 40 afternoon peak (18-19pm) hours. In the future, conclusions may be considered for preliminary safety assessments of roads where autonomous driving tests are performed.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2017

Information ethics, which is closely related to changes that occur in information technology, had been comprised of one unit ever since the curriculum was revised in 2007 from whence 'informatics' was established as the first course, and has remained so even after the curriculum was revised in 2015. The purpose of this study was to analyze the degree of content knowledge required of informatics teachers who will teach information ethics by distinguishing the subject from general ethics, and to grasp the status of information ethics education at graduate schools of education. In order to achieve this, the information ethics questions of the informatics teacher appointment exam from years 2002 to 2015 were analyzed as well as the curriculums of 32 graduate schools of education. The results of the study revealed that, first, questions related to information ethics were included in 10 exams, since the 2004 exam. Second, questions related to dysfunction were mainly addressed from the beginning of administering the exam but since 2010 many items related to copyrights, information security, and various addictions were added. Third, 11(33%) of the 32 graduate schools of education with informatics teacher training provide information ethics courses. This study is meaningful in that it will help to better understand the changes needed to update the information ethics related questions of the informatics teacher appointment exam, and to present a direction for information ethics education at graduate schools of education.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.6-6
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• 1996

컴퓨터 통신망의 활용이 각 분야에서 걸쳐서 점차 확대되고 있으며 의료 분야에서도 원격진료(tele-medicine), 원격교육(tele-education), 원격수술(tele-surgery) 등에 대한 시스템 개발이 관심을 끌고 있다. 본 연구에서는 초고속 정보통신망 환경에서 정형외과 모의수술을 하기 위한 시뮬레이터의 프로토타입을 구현하였다. 원격 모의수술 시뮬레이터를 구축하기 위해서는 CT, MRI와 같은 의학영상 처리, 다지점간의 회의를 제어할 수 있는 통신 제어, 환자의 진료를 위한 멀티미디어 데이터의 저장 및 검색을 위한 데이터베이스 구축 등 다양한 기술들의 총체적인 결합이 요구되어진다. 구축 시뮬레이터는 세가지 주요 서브 시스템으로 구성된다. 첫째, 원격 시뮬레이션을 위한 전반적인 관리, 운영, 제어를 담당하는 수술회의 시스템, 둘째, 모의수술을 가능케 하기 위한 2차원 영상의 전처리 3차원 영상 재구성 및 조작을 통한 모의수술 시스템, 셋재, 멀티미디어 환자 자료의 검색 및 관리를 하기 위한 데이터베이스 운영시스템으로 구성된다. 제안된 원격 모의수술 시뮬레이터는 서버-클라이언트 구조를 기반으로 하고, 여러명의 의사가 공동작업(CSCW: Computer Supported Cooperative Work)에 의해 모의수술을 할 수 있도록 공용 윈도우를 기반으로 한 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스를 제공한다. 멀티미디어 의료 데이터의 전송은 TCP/IP 프로토콜을 사용하고, 사용자 인터페이스는 X-window를 이용하여 구축하였다. 본 시뮬레이터는 SUN Server 1000을 서버로 하고, 두대의 SDT Workstation을 클라이언트로 하여 Ethernet 환경에서 구현 및 검증하였다. 또한 ATM Network에서 본 시뮬레이터를 시험함으로써 국책 사업으로 구축되는 초고속 정보통신망 환경에서의 사용 가능성을 입증하였다. 판단된다.원과 섭식장소, 수중생물의 경우는 특히 수온, 수량 영양원등이다.(중략). 본 연구의 접근방법으로는 ASRS의 개념적인 Reference Model을 수립하고 이 Reference Model에 대한 Formal Model로 DEVS(Discrete Event System Specification)을 이용하여 시스템을 Modeling하였다. 이의 Computer Simulation을 위하여 DEVS형식론 환경에서의 Simulation Language인 DEVSim ++ⓒ를 이용하여 시스템을 구현하였다.. 실형 결과로는 먼저 선형 상미분방정식의 예로 mass-damper-spring system, 비선형 상미분방정식의 예로는 van der Pol 방정식, 연립 상미분방정식의 예로는 mixing tank problem 등을 보였으며, 그의 공학에서 일어나는 여러 가지 문제들도 다루었다.화물에 대한 방어력이 증가되어 나타난 결과로 여겨지며, 또한 혈청중의 ALT, ALP 및 LDH활성을 유의성있게 감소시키므로서 감잎 phenolic compounds가 에탄올에 의한 간세포 손상에 대한 해독 및 보호작용이 있는 것으로 사료된다.반적으로 홍삼 제조시 내공의 발생은 제조공정에서 나타나는 경우가 많으며, 내백의 경우는 홍삼으로 가공되면서 발생하는 경우가 있고, 인삼이 성장될 때 부분적인 영양상태의 불충분이나 기후 등에 따른 영향을 받을 수 있기 때문에 앞으로 이에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어져야할 것으로 판단된다.태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$ elements)로 가정한다. 즉, [+wh] 의미의 겹의문사는 동일한 구성요 소를 지닌 병렬적 합성어([$[W1]_{XO-}$ $[W1]_{

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.321-333
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• 2019

A primary aspect of low impact development (LID) design that affects performance efficiency, maintenance frequency, and lifespan of the facility is the type of filter media as well as the arrangement or media profile. Several LID guidelines providing media specifications are currently available and numerous studies have been published presenting the effectiveness of these systems. While some results are similar and consistent, some of them still varies and only a few focuses on the effect of filter media type and arrangement on system performance. This creates a certain level of uncertainty when it comes to filter media selection and design. In this review, a synthesis of filter media specifications from several LID design guidelines are presented and relevant results from different laboratory and field studies are highlighted. The LID systems are first classified as infiltration or non-infiltration structures, and vegetated or non-vegetated structures. Typical profiles of the media according to classification are shown including the different layers, materials, and depth. In addition, results from previous studies regarding the effect of filter media characteristics on hydraulic and hydrologic functions as well as pollutant removal are compared. Other considerations such as organic media leaching, clogging, media washing, and handling during construction were also briefly discussed. This review aims to provide a general guideline that can contribute to proper media selection and design for structural LIDs. In addition, it also identifies opportunities for future research.