• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 2014

Shale gas has caused a change in the dynamics of gas market since development of horizontal drilling technic and hydraulic fracturing technic caused its commercial production. The commercial amount of shale gas is 187.5 trillions $m^3$ so human can use it for 59 years and the amount will increase in the future. Several nations such as USA, Canada, China and Russia have more and more interested in shale gas as a futuristic major energy source. In accordance with this trend in the world, the amount of studying theses for development of shale gas have increased so their theses became important increasingly. The number of searched theses (1986 ~ The first half of 2013) is 3,468 and has increased recently. Among 89 nations studying shale gas, USA has 637 theses as No.1 in the world. 1,813 global studying institutes have studied shale gas; in the analysis result of several studying institutes, US geological survey institute was ranked as No.1 for the quality level of shale gas study and intensity of global cooperation.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2013

Sulfur hexafloride($SF_6$) emission to atmosphere is lower than $CO_2$, but $SF_6$ GWP is 22,800 times lager than $CO_2$. In recent years as restriction of $non-CO_2$ gas has been greatly reinforced, development of environment-friendly technology with $SF_6$ removal is becoming to main issue. This study shows that $SF_6$ used insulator electrical equipment has emission characteristics during the each phase(maintenance, use, diposal), and analyzed $SF_6$ emission reduction technology related phase. The major technology applies maintenance and disposal step is that improvment of gas recovery rate($85{\rightarrow}99%$), manufacturing catalysts, internal inspection of circuit breaker using endoscopy. Using those technolgies can reduce $SF_6$ emission in atmosphere.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.423-429
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• 2017

The rapid progress of aging society gives rise to a variety of problems of the aged. In particular, the health issue among the elderly poses a socio-economic burden on our society. In a bid to promote the health of the elderly, development and application of various contents linked with the ICT technology to our daily life and ways to facilitate their use among the elderly should be sought. Korea has provided a variety of contents designed to promote or maintain health of people of various ages through the wide spread and use of smart phones since 2010 but there has been a severe lack in contents for the elderly in terms of their quantity and quality. Against this backdrop, this study aims to utilize dance characterized by physical movements and bodily expressions as part of developing ICT-based contents for health promotion of the elderly. This study has adopted a number of research methodologies, including analysis of preceding researches into elderly welfare based on the research topics and periods of from domestic academic journals and academic theses (master's, doctoral), ICT-based preceding researches into elderly affairs, preceding researches into dance programs for the elderly, based on which I intend to present a proposal on the development and use of dance contents.

• School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.249-265
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the research trends of mathematics textbooks to provide implications for future textbook research. For this purpose, 123 research papers related to mathematics textbooks, published in seven professional domestic journals during recent five years, were selected. The papers dealing with Korean mathematics textbooks were analyzed by school levels (i.e., elementary, middle, or high school), mathematics content areas, analytic methods, and implications. The results of this study showed that many studies analyzed elementary mathematics textbooks, specifically in the content strand of number and operations. The frequent analytic foci were given to content areas along with mathematical rigor or the development of alternative mathematics textbooks. In comparison with the previous research trend, there was an increasing number of studies in which detailed implications or ways of re-constructing mathematical topics were discussed on the basis of thorough analysis of textbooks. This study also included an analysis of papers comparing Korean mathematics textbooks with foreign counterparts or analyzing foreign mathematics textbooks to elicit implications for Korean mathematics textbooks in terms of reasons of the comparison, school levels, and analytic foci. This paper closes with implications for textbook research.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.327-327
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• 2010

자동차에서 실내음질은 구매결정 요소들 중의 하나로 그 중요성이 점차 증가하고 있다. 따라서 다양한 운전조건에서 운전자가 기대하는 실내음질의 기대 수준을 충족시켜야 한다. 소비자는 운전경험과 습관에 따라 기대하는 음질에 차이가 있고 소리에 대한 표현방식도 모호하기 때문에 이러한 주관적 특성을 하나의 통일된 표현으로 정의 하기가 어렵다. 그러나 지난 이십여 년 동안의 음질개발과 차량 실내소음 주관평가의 통계처리로 통일된 표현을 할 수 있었다. 나아가 심리음향학 및 신호처리기술의 발달과 꾸준한 음질연구결과로 소리특성을 객관적으로 나타내는 소리의 시각화가 가능하였으며, 운전자가 인식하는 주관평가와의 상관관계를 높여 차량의 대표적인 음질인자로 정량화하여 음질목표를 설정할 수 있었다. 실내소음의 구성은 엔진 투과음, 흡배기 소음, 바람 소음, 도로 기인 소음 등으로 다양하므로 소음원에 따라 음의 균형을 맞추어 조화로운 음질개발을 하는 것이 중요했다. 또한 차량 판매되는 지역에 따라 선호음이 상이하여 지역별 실내음질의 차별화가 필요했다. 궁극적으로는 운전자의 감성품질을 만족할 수 있도록 음을 제어하여 브랜드 사운드를 개발하고 있다. 이러한 실내음질을 달성하기 위한 방법으로 소음원과 전달경로에 대해 기여도를 분석하고, 경로를 구성하는 시스템 별로 세분화하여 시스템 목표를 설정하였다. 시스템 개발에 중요한 인자로 차량의 동강성 및 흡차음 성능을 들 수 있다. 특히 디젤차량의 비중이 큰 유럽업체의 차량의 동강성 및 흡차음 개발 능력은 높게 평가되고 있다. 이에 유럽의 부품전문회사가 가지고 있는 해석과 시험적인 개발 방법을 통하여 전달계 특성을 만족하기 위한 시스템의 동강성 및 흡차음 특성을 개발하고 있다. 차량음질 튜닝의 중요한 기법 중 하나로 흡배기 개발을 추진하고 있다. 친환경자동차인 하이브리드차량, 전기차량 및 연료전지차량의 경우 전기구동부품에서 발생하는 각종 이음 발생을 최소화 했다. 보행자를 보호하고 운전의 즐거움을 향상하기 위한 가상사운드 개발을 진행하고 있다. 회사 수익성 향상을 위한 원가절감 및 구조 경량화에 따른 음질악화와 연비 향상 및 배기가스 규제 강화로 고성능 고출력 엔진탑재에 따른 음질악화 요인을 극복해야 했다. 운전자의 청감은 차량의 운전성에 따라서도 크게 영향을 받게 되므로 엔진제어와 변속기제어를 통해 음질과 운전성이 조화를 이룰 수 있도록 개발하고 있다. 향후, 소음원에 따른 시스템 최적화 개발, 운전성과 음질 연계 개발과 친환경차량의 가상사운드 개발 등이 자동차 음질 개발의 중요한 이슈로 생각한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.599-609
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• 2016

This study aimed to review and summarize the trends in research pertaining to the compassion satisfaction of nurses in Korea and to make suggestions for future research. For this study, RISS, KISS, NDSL, and National assembly library databases were searched using the key words 'nurse' and 'compassion satisfaction' or 'professional quality of life' and 'nurse'. Eighteen papers on compassion satisfaction of nurses were reviewed. This was a non-experimental study (100%), and included hospital nurses (100%). The general characteristics of interest pertaining to compassion satisfaction were age, position, career, educational status, and etc. The variables with respect to compassion satisfaction were burn out, compassion fatigue, job satisfaction, resilience, and etc. The findings of this study provide preliminary data on research trends in the compassion satisfaction of nurses. Nursing managers need to maximize strategies to enhance compassion satisfaction of nurses. A qualitative study and a development of a program focused on compassion satisfaction are recommended for future research.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.199-212
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• 2023

In contrast to the short-term nature of lunar missions in the past, lunar missions in new space era aim to extend the presence on the lunar surface and to use this capability for the Mars exploration. In order to realize extended human presence on the Moon, production and use of consumables and fuels required for the habitation and transportation using in-situ resources is an important prerequisite. The Global Exploration Roadmap presented by the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG), which reflects the space exploration plans of participating countries, shows the phases of progress from lunar surface exploration to Mars exploration and relates in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) capabilities to each phase. Based on the ISRU Gap Assessment Report from the ISECG, ISRU technology is categorized into in-situ propellant and consumable production, in-situ construction, in-space manufacturing, and related areas such as storage and utilization of products, power systems required for resource utilization. Among the lunar resources, leading countries have prioritized the utilization of ice water existing in the permanent shadow region near the lunar poles and the extraction of oxygen from the regolith, and are preparing to investigate the distribution of resources and ice water near the lunar south pole through unmanned landing missions. Resource utilization technologies such as producing hydrogen and oxygen from water by hydroelectrolysis and extracting oxygen from the lunar regolith are being developed and tested in relevant lunar surface analogue environments. It is also observed that each government emphasizes the use and development of the private sector capabilities for sustainable lunar surface exploration by purchasing lunar landing services and providing opportunities to participate in resource exploration and material extraction.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.87-97
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• 2014

City is currently developing into intelligent city which adopts the ICT technology to resolve the problems and increase the competitiveness. This intelligent city is promoted under the name of U-City or Smart City, yet it is also criticized in the trend for what the differences between U-City and Smart City are. In this study, we draws the differences between U-City and Smart City from our distinctive research method, text mining which analyzes the trend of research papers, and contribute to direction of U-City study in the future. Through this analysis, the study results in that U-City focuses practical implementation in domestic cities while Smart City focuses technological development and provision of single service. However, this paper has a limitation as the subjective opinion was reflected to configure the sets of keywords, and only keywords and s were analyzed. Therefore, further studies are needed to confirm the differences between U-City and Smart City with related research papers and reports.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.225.2-225.2
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• 2010

전 세계는 온실 가스의 방출을 줄이기 위하여 기존의 화석연료를 대체할 수 있는 에너지를 찾기 위해 연구개발에 박차를 가하고 있다. 이러한 계속적인 연구에서, 전 세계의 국가들은 태양열, 풍력, 지열 및 수소에너지와 같이 화석연료를 대체할 다양한 가스를 조사해왔다. 대체에너지 중 수소 연료는 실제로 배출가스가 없기 때문에 가장 유망한 대안이라고 할 수 있다. 연료전지자동차용 연료로 수소를 사용하기 위해서는 저장합금, 액체 및 압축 상태로 저장할 수 있다. 이 중 세계 대부분의 자동차 메이커 들은 수소를 압축하는 방식을 채택하고 있으며, 주행거리를 확보하기 위하여 고압상태로 수소가스를 저장하는 방식을 사용한다. 수소연료전지 자동차용으로 고압의 수소를 저장할 수 있고, 자동차에 탑재할 수 있도록 가벼운 용기의 개발이 진행되고 있다. 이 중 Type3와 Type4 형태의 용기가 시범적으로 적용되고 있으며, 이러한 용기의 안전성을 확보하기 위한 기준들이 국 내외에서 개발되고 있다. 현재 국제기준 중 UN ECE의 WG.29에서 선진국들을 중심으로 수소연료전지 자동차용 용기의 안전성 평가를 위한 기준을 개발하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 ISO. 15869의 기술기준에 대한 안전성 분석과 미국의 SAE J2579의 기술 보고서에서 제시한 새로운 개념의 안전성 평가 기법을 기준으로 제정되고 있는 UN ECE WG.29의 draft초안을 비교하고, 향후 수소연료전지 자동차용 용기를 위한 국내기준의 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.965-968
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• 2005

According to the rapid development of IT technologies, between different technologies and weakness of entry barriers, standardization for interoperability and intercompatibility is being recognized as a core strategy for preoccupation of global IT market and strengthening of national competitive power. Recently IPR(Intellectual property Rights) including patents is considered indispensably in international standardization. Also advanced countries strengthen their positions through preemption of global IT market by linking their IPR with international standardization. Therefore relationship between IPR and standardization is being changed to mutually complementary from mutually exclusive. In this paper, we will examine ITU-T's IPR policy and related discussion trends in ITU-T and try to find national policy for IPR related issues.