• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1990

Status of intestinal protozoan and helminthic infections was surveyed in mestizo population living in rural parish of Palmar and its nearby recintos(villages) , Three of the surveyed villages were at the Pacific coast and 5 villages were in inner pasture land, located about 100 km west of Guayaquil, the second largest city in Ecuador. One stool sample was examined by one cellophane thick smear for helminth ova and one direct smear stained with Lugol's iodine solution for protozoan cysts. Of 325 persons examined, 66.1% were positive for any ova or cyst. The positive rates were: 18.1% for Ascaris lumbricoides, 19.4% for Trichuris trichiura, 0.6% for hookworm, 3.7% for Hyntenolepis nana, 1.8% for Taenia sp., 19.4% for Entnmoeba histolytica, 28.6% for Entamoeba coli, 5.5% for Endolimax nasa, 1.5% for ledamoeba buetschlii, 11.l% for eiardia lamblia and 0.6% for Chilomastix mesnili. Poor supply of potable water was considered the main cause of high prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 1998

Two endemic foci of heterophyid infections were discovered in coastal villages of Puan-gun. Chollabuk-do, and Sachon-gun. Kyongsangnam-do, Korea. Fecal examina- tions were performed on 153 inhabitants of Puan-gun and 138 of Sachon-gun, using cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether sedimentation technique. The helminth egg and/or protozoan cyst positive rate was 21.5% (33/153) in Puan-gun and 39.1% (54/138) in Sachon-gun. In Puan-fun, the egg Positive rate of heterophyids was the highest, 17.6%, and that of other parasites was 0.7-2.6% by parasite species. In Sachon-gun, that of heterophyids wa's 18.8%, followed by Clonorchis sinensis (12.3%). and other parasites (0.7-5.OBEI . Twenth-two (Puan-gun) and six (Sachon-gun) heterophyid egg Positive cases were treated loth praziquantel, and adult flukes were collected from their diarrheic stools. A total of 3,284 adult flukes of Heterophyes nocens was collected from all of the 22 patients treated in Puan-gun (3-778 individually) , and other trematodes were also collected from 2- 15 patients; Ftgidiopsis sumac, Stellcntchcsmus JcEcctus, Metogoninus Wokogaupci, M. miyntci, Stictodora Juscnta, Heterophwopsis continua, Acnnthopcrwphium kurognmo, and GWmnophaELoines seoi. In Sachon-gun, M. yokognwci (3,007 specimens), H. nocens (120), aud S. falcatus (46) were collected from 5 of 6 treated patients, and H. continuo and 5. tan each from one patient. The present study revealed that heterophyid flukes, especially If. nocens and M. Wokofowai, are prevalent in the southern and western coastal areas of Korea where fresh and/or brackish water fishes are popularly eaten raw.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 1963

최근 농작물에 대한 각종 선충류의 피해가 주목되어 있는 실성에 비추어 필자는 선충류연구의 기초적 과제로서 온실내의 화훼류 근부에서 발견되는 선충류 중 농업상 비교적 중요하다고 인정되는 종류와 그밖에 몇 종류에 대하여 형태적인 특징을 기술하였다. 즉 취급된 종류들은 다음과 같다. 1. Meloidogyne arenaria Chitwood 2. Scutellonema coheni Andrassy 3. Paurodontus gracilis Thorne 4. xiphinema americaum Cobb 5. Rhabditis sp 6. Cephalobus sp 7, Diplogaster sp 그리고 이상 7종류의 기주식물 및 기생정도를 보면 Meloidogyne arenaria Chitwood는 Begonia에 만 기생하였고 그밖에 화훼류에는 기생을 볼수 없었다. Scutellonema choeni Andrassy는 꽃치자, 소펄, 이마리 리스, 제브리나에 가장 많이 발견되었고, Paurodonthus gracilis Thorne는 동백나무, 청목. 지내고사리, 카네이션, 충에서 가장 많이 발견되었다. 그리고 Xiphinema americanum Coob는 산호수, 서향, 코피나무, 시크라맨, 용설란, 동백 등에서만 발견되었으나 그중에 용설란, 동백에서 가장 많이 볼 수 있었다. Rhabditis sp.는 초본류 화훼류의 대부분에서 발견되었으나 그중에도 산세배리아에서 가장 많았다 Diplogaster sp는 대부분의 화훼류에서 발견되었으며 그중에 크로톤에 비교적 많았다. Cephalobus sp.는 전반적으로 발견되었으며 발견정도는 모두 비슷하였다. Monhystera app. , Mononchus spp. , Dorylaimus app. 등도 조사란 과반수의 화훼류들에서 발견되었으나 특히 많이 발견되는 화훼류는 없었다. 이상 선충류중 근류를 형성하여 피해가 가장 주목되는 Mceloidogyne arenaris Chitwood에 대해서 온실내에서 그의 유일한 기주식물인 Begonia의 품종별 기생정도를 비교조사한 결과 semperflorens 품종에 가장 기생률이 높았고 metarica 품종은 중정도였으며 erytholopylla와 argento-guttata 품종들에는 기생이 없었다. 이 점은 매우 의의있는 사실로서 앞으로 더욱 연구할 과제로 삼았다. 끝으로 Sanceberia에서 많이 발견되는 Rhabditis sp를 $18^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$의 동온도별의 incubator에서 사육한 결과 본 종의 생육적온이 $30^{\circ}C$라는 사실을 알았다.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.207-211
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• 2004

The present study was conducted to research some Actinosporeans species in Oligochaetes (Branchiura sowerbyi). From April to May, 2004, Oligochaetes were sampled from the Daewi Reservoir located in Kunsan, Jeonbuk and a drainageway of the fish farm located in Wanju, Jeonbuk. Tow species of Actinosporeans not reported yet in Korea, Raabeia sp. and Triactinomyxon sp., were detected from Oligochaetes. Actinosporeans detected are recorded to Raabeia sp. E and Triactinomyxon sp. F. A total of 200 Oligochaetes were investigated from two sites, and 28 individuals (14%) were found infected: 27 individuals (13.5%) with Raabeia sp. E and one individual (0.5%) with Triactinomyxon sp. F.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 1996

Acanthochondria spirigera is redescribed based on the specimens recovered from the Lophiomus setigerus in the southern coast of Korea. This parasitic copepoda is distinguished from congeners by the possession of spirally twisted egg-strings. Acanthochondria spirigera(Chondracanthidae, Poecilostomatoida) is the first recorded species from Korea. This parasitic copepod was not found on the fish in May. Relative density and prevalence also decreased from January to May. A. spirigera live symbiotically within the pharyngeal cavity of the L. setigerus, and eat oesophageal mucous string of their hosts. The male of the parasitic copepoda is dwarf, and found on the ventral surface of genital segment of the female.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.423-432
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• 2022

The mass-rearing system for Neodryinus typhlocybae as a biological control agent of Metcalfa pruinosa was established. Depending on the density of host nymphs and plants, the average number of cocoons produced by the parasitoids was 5-8 and 70-150 cocoons per leaf and sapling of mulberry, respectively. There is a significant difference in cocoon length between females (6.10-6.46mm) and males (4.20-4.62mm). Sex determination of cocoons before emergence will be helpful for efficiently releasing this parasitoid in fields. The parasitic rate of N. typhlocybae at the semi-field condition was on average 13-17%. The release number of this parasitoid did not affect parasitism. Nevertheless, the population growth rate of M. pruinosa was reduced by increasing the release number of N. typhlocybae. The parasitoid offspring's sex and bivoltine were influenced by the host age. On young host nymphs, the bivoltine portion of parasitoid increased. When parasitized on 4^th or 5^th nymphs, the offspring's female ratio of N. typhlocybae increased. This result may be useful for potentially controlling mass rearing production of parasitoid.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.173-178
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• 1980

Cercaria larvae of Bacciger harengulae which is parasitic to Meretrix lusoria, rapes japonica and Solen strictus were studied in terms of their morphology and incidence of infection rate. The host bivalves were collected from Naechodo, Okgu-gun during the Period from January to November in 1980. The tail of the cercaria bears 27 pairs of tufts of setae, the tufts being composed of 6 fine rays. Oral sucker, intestine, ventral sucker and a pair of testes are distinctive. The excretory duct bears numerous granules of various size, and the flame-cell arrangement is represented by a formula 2[(3+3)+(3+3)]=24. The cercaria is somewhat similar to the previously known Cercaria pectinata . It is however conformed that present cercaria belongs to Bacciger harengulae. Infection rate showed seasonal variation and host selectivity. Higher infections were observed in Solen strictus, and lower in Meretrix lusoria. Generally, the larger bivalves over 2-3 years old showed the higher infection rate.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 1985

The infection stasus of the loaches, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, with the metacercariae of Echinostoma hortense, was studied in Korea. A total of 154 loaches purchased at 4 local markets (Seoul, Kimhae, Naju-gun and Kangjin-gun) were examined their infection rate as well as the density and location of the metacercariae in the fish body. The results are as follows: 1. The loaches carrying the metacerariae of E. hortense were 64 (41.6%) in total number and the metacercarial density ranged 1-29 per infected loach with an average value of 8.1. The highest infection rate and metacercarial density were obtained from the loaches purchased at Kangjin-gun, Jeonranam-do. 2. The metacercariae of E. hortense were chiefly distributed in the distal intestinal wall and the adjacent mesentery, the perianal tissues, and the head and gill of the loaches examined. From the results, it is concluded that the loach is one of the important second intermediate hosts of E. hortense in Korea, and their infection rate and metacercarial density are considerably high.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.175-192
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• 1989

A total of 9, 012 cases was submitted for diagnosis of chicken diseases to Veterinary Research Institute, Rural Development Administration from domestic chicken farms during 18 years from 1971 to 1988. Of them, 6, 181 cases diagnosed as the infectious disease were investigated for the detection rate of infections on basis of you, season , and chicken age. The results obtained were summarized as followings：1. Detection rate or the infections was lowest as 49.3% in the year 1973, and highest as 78.6% in 1985 (average 68.6%). 2. Of infections detected, bacterial diseases were most frequent (32.6%), and followed in order by viral (26.3%), parasitic (7.7%), and fungal diseases (2.1%) in geneal. 3. The most frequently detected bacterial diseases in order of prevalence were mycoplasmosis (8.8%), colibacillosis (8.5%), and staphylococcosis (5.8%), and followed by salmonellosis pullorum disease , yolk sac disease, and salpingitis (0.8-1.5%). 4. In viral diseases, 7.5% of infections detected was lymphoid leukosis and 7.2%-Marek's disease, 4.4%-Newcastle disease, 2.0%-infectious laryngotracheitis, 1.7%-infectious bursal disease, and 1.0%-avian encephalomyelitis, while detection rate of infectious bronchitis, egg drop syndrome '76, and inclusion body hepatitis was less than 1.0%, respectively. 5. The most prevalent parasitic disease was coccidiosis (4.5%), followed by ascariasis (1.4%). The detection rate of other parasitic diseases including leucocytozoonosis, black head , heterakiasis, and ectoparasitosis was very as 0.2-0.7%, respectively： In fungal diseases, 2.0% of infections was detected as aspergillosis, and followed by candidiasis (0.1%). 6. Detection rate of the infections on basis of season was somewhat higher in summer. (27.7%), and autumn (27.7%) than in winter (23.5%), and spring (21.5%) in general. In bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases, there were the similar tendencies of detection rate as in infections, while parasitic diseases were much highly detected in summer (34.3%), and autumn (39.5%) than in any other season. 7. Among bacterial diseases colibacillosis was most frequently detected in summer, and staphylococcosis in autumn. In detection rate of viral diseases, Marek's disease, infectious laryngotracheitis, and infectious bursal disease was highest in summer, lymphold leukosis, fowl pox and egg drop syndrome '76 in autumn, and infectious trachitis in winter, repectively. The majority of important parasitic diseases including coccidiosis were highly detected in summer and autumn. 8. On basis of chicken age, detection rate of infections were highest in chicken of growing period between 30 and 150 days of age (41.4%), and followed by 35.3% in laying chicken over 150 days of age, and 17.3% in chicken of brooding age under 30 days of age. Bacterial, and parasitic diseases were most frequently detected in chicken of growing period, viral diseases in chicken of growing, and laying period as nearly equal rate of detection, and fungal diseases in chicken of brooding age.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.141-144
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• 1989

During October-December 1987, chigger mites infested on the striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius cereae) collected at Pochun-gun, Gyeonggi Province and Chinhae city, Kyongnam Province were identified. . 1. Of 171 back-striped mice collected, chigger mites wire found from 58 mice, showing 33.9% of infestation rate. 2. Total 865 chigger mites collected were classified into seven species; Leptotrombidium pallidum (4.3%), L. palpate(23.0%), L. orienpalis(20.2%), L. xetum(19.0%), Neotrombicula tamiyai(32.9%), JV. japonica(0.25%) and Euschongastia koreaensis(0.3%). Though the most dominant species in number was N. tamiyai(32.9% of the total), this species was collected at very limited locality and for a short period. Therefore, most common species in Korea seems to be L. palpale which was found at all localities throughout the whole survey period. L. pallidum which is known as the vector species of tsutsugamushi disease in Korea was collected in a very low number(4.3% of the total chiggers collected). 3. The number of chigger mites infested on a host animal showed great variations from one chigger up to 207 chiggers. The present study has shown that there may be other Leptotrombidium species mite(s) for the vector and host of tsutsugamushi disease in Korea.