• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1998

Legume winter cover crop hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth, HV) can supply mineral nitrogen for silage corn by HV cover killed. The purphose of this study was to understand changes of soil mineral N, yield and N uptake of silage corn by N level (0, 135kgFN/ha) and cover cmp(no cover crop: NCC, hairy vetch cover crop: HVC) at field of Crop Experiment Station in 1996. HV growth decreased soil mineral N concentration before seeding corn, but killed HV cover increased concentration of soil mineral N at surface soil (0~7.5cm) at six-leaf stage of corn. Total dry matter(DM) and N uptake of corn averaged over N level was more decreased in HVC than in NCC at silk stage, but N uptake of corn after silk was more increased in HVC than in NCC by N mineralized fiom HV killed, especially in OkgFNJha. N fertilization increased total DM and and N uptake of corn averaged over cover crop, especially more increased the DM and N uptake before silk stage. Early application of N fertilizer was recommendable in netillage silage corn using hairy vetch cover crop.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2003

This study was carried out to determine the effect of pig slurry applications on the forage yield of Sorghum${\times}$Sudangrass hybrid and leaching of $NO_3$-N in volcanic ash soil in Jeju. It was arranged as a randomized block design with seven treatments: chemical fertilizer ($N-P_2$$O_{5}$ $-K_2$O=200-l50-150kg/ha), pig slurry 200kg N/ha, pig slurry 300kg N/ha, pig slurry 400kg N/ha, pig slurry 100kg N/ha+chemical fertilizer 100kg N/ha, pig slurry 150kg N/ha+chemical fertilizer 100kg N/ha, pig slurry 200kg N/ha+chemical fertilizer 100kg N/ha. The mean dry matter yield of Sorghum${\times}$Sudan grass hybrid per ha for 4 years(1998 to 2001) was higher(p<0.05) in pig slurry 300kg N/ha(l7,279kg) and pig slurry 400kg N/ha(17,817kg) treatments than those of other treatments. The $NO_3$-N concentrations of leaching water at soil depth 30cm in all treatments were excess the standard of WHO with level of $10.0mg/\ell$ on 20 days of the seeding, but this $NO_3$-N concentrations found to be below $5.0mg/\ell$ on August.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.276-276
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• 2015

농경지에서의 액비 수요는 최근 증가하고 있으나 적정 액비시비량에 대한 기준과 사후 관리에 대한 명확한 기준이 없어 환경문제에 대한 고찰이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 시험포장을 선정하고 논에서의 질소 및 인의 동태를 모니터링하고, 관개수, 배출수 및 침투수 중 영양물질 및 중금속 잔류 특성을 분석하였다. 시험구는 대조구(화학비료 표준시비구, A)와 양돈분뇨액비 표준시비처리구(B)로 구성하였으며, 기상관측 측정을 위하여 자동기상관측기, 유입량은 수도미터계량기로 관측하였으며, 시험포장으로부터 유출량을 측정하기 위하여 압력식수위계를 각 처리구별로 설치하였다. 침투에 의한 영양물질의 유출부하량 평가를 위하여 침투계 1조 및 중금속 포집이 가능한 ceramic porus cup 4조를 각 처리구별로 설치하였다. 2014년 6월 9일 써래질 후, 6월 19일 $15{\times}30cm$, 1주 당 3본씩 "동진벼"를 기계이앙 실시하였고, 대조구 A는 농촌진흥청의 추천시비량, 처리구 B는 지상분무방식(액비시비 후 경운을 하는 방식 및 관개수 공급 후 액비를 시비하는 희석식)을 적용하였다. 기비 시비일은 6월 6일, 분얼비 시비일은 6월 26일, 수비 시비일은 7월 30일이었다. 강우량 대비 유출량 비인 유출률은 0.03에서 0.91까지 나타났으며, 담수의 수질조사는 평시 조사로 주 1회 실시하고 있으며, 분석결과는 SS의 경우 처리구 B가 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 영양물질(T-N, T-P 등)의 경우는 대조구 A에서 꾸준히 높은 농도를 보여주고 있으며 이들 농도는 시비 시기에 따라 첨두값이 다르게 나타났다. 특히 $TH_3-N$의 경우 휘발성이 강하기 때문에 처리구 B에서 매우 낮은 값을 보여주었다. 유출수의 화학성분 분석결과는 완효성인 화학비료의 특징으로 전체적으로 대조구 A에서 수질농도가 높게 나타났으며, BOD의 경우는 처리구 B에서 높게 나타났다. 침투수의 T-N은 대조구 A에서 상대적으로 높은 값을 보여주고 있으며 이는 $TH_3-N$의 휘발에 영향을 받는 것으로 보이며, $NO_3-N$은 처리구 B에서 더 높게 나타나 토양중으로 침출되는 양이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 액비시용에 따른 농경지 위해성 평가와 관리방안 개발을 위한 1차년도의 연구 성과로서 지속적인 모니터링을 통하여, 향후 새만금 유역내 축산밀집지역에서 나타날 수 있는 축산분뇨 관리정책 개발의 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1971

1. Rice plant grown with silica had more elect leaves and heading was one week earlier with silica than without silica grown in both water culture and Akiochi soil. 2. Silica content of rice plant was apparently increased by silica application and the increase insilica was more increased by bassal application of silica than top dressing. The content of other eements in plant decreased with silica application and the trend was most noticeable in iron. 3. Rice plant low in silica were more susceptible to reaf blast, Helminthosporium, mites and smaller brown plant hopper. 4. There was no significant effect of silica on increasing the dry matter production of rice plant grown on water culture, but silica remarkerbly increased the dry matter production of rice plant grown on Akiochi soil. The increasing effect of silica on rice grown on Akiochi fields was more noticeable than that of grown on Pots. 5. In rice plant grown on Akiochi soil, number of spikelets and percentage of ripened grains were increased by application of silica. The silica effects can be increased by application of well balanced nitrogen and potassium ratio. 6. From these results, it can be concluded that silica seems to have no direct effect on rice growth, but application of silica to Akiochi soil associated with low silica supply may be critical for healthy growth of rice plant, and silica directly related to rice agronomy.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 1995

This study was conducted to obtain quantitative data on the behavior of surface-applied urea to a paddy field which would help to protect against environmental pollution as well as to increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. The percolating water samples were collected with porous ceramic cups installed at 25, 50 and 75cm depths in a paddy field during the rice growing season(June 1992-September 1992) and analyzed for urea-N. NHAN and $NO_3-N$. In the paddy field to which urea fertilizer was applied at the rates of 12 and 24kg N/10a, the surface-applied urea was detected even at 75cm depth as the form of urea-N upto 12days after application. The maximum concentrations of urea-N in the percolating water sampled at 25, 50 and 75cm depths were the same irrespective of soil depth and the values were 0.06 and $0.12{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ for the application rates of 12 and 24kg N/10a respectively. The concentrations of $NH_4-N$ gradually decreased with time during the vegetative growth period : thereafter. the concentrations remained nearly constant. The maximum concentrations of $NH_4-N$ at 25cm depth were 1.2 and $5.6{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ for 12 and 24kg N/10a rate respectively. The $NO_3-N$ concentrations of percolating water ranged 0.1~0.5 and $0.2{\sim}0.5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ for urea application rates of 12 and 24kg N/10a respectively. The nitrate concentration data suggest that nitrification process occurred continuously in paddy field during the rice growing season.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.279-290
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• 2022

This study was conducted to find out that winter green manure crops could be efficient replacements of expeller cake fertilizers, which were mostly imported, on environment-friendly red pepper production. Four treatments were compared under the condition of plastic film house: 1) barley (B); 2) hairy vetch (HV); 3) mixtures of barley and hairy vetch (B/HV); 4) expeller cake (EC). Total nitrogen content in hariy vetch was 3.6%, which was higher than 1.5~1.8% in barley and mixtures of barley and hairy vetch. P₂O₅ and K₂O contents were similar in all green manures. Supplying amount of nitrogen from B, HV and B/HV plot, which were 172 kg ha^-1, 193 kg ha^-1, and 198 kg ha^-1, were higher than amount of basal nitrogen required by soil testing but were lower than that of total nitrogen, respectively. Among the green manure crops, C/N ratio of HV was the lowest at 11.8, showing a similar value to that of expeller cake, but that of B was the highest at 30.6. Total yield was no significant difference in all treatment plots although B/HV plot showed the highest yield, but initial yield in B plot with high C/N ratio was lower than that in EC plot.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2010

We have researched the changes in nutrient content in each phase of fermentation in crops treated with liquefied pig fertilizer, and have determined the best method for applying livestock excrement to cultured crops. In the execution of this experiment, rice was cultivated to full maturity at a paddy field in Jeollabuk-Do Agriculture Research and Extension Services(Jeon-buk series) from 2007 to 2008. The rice plant nitrogen absorption quantity change, according to the growth stages of the cultivated rice, was 20.3% in the rice treated with the liquid pig manure and 22.2% the chemical fertilizer at highest congelation. The chemical fertilizer showed a higher absorption quantity than the liquid manure compost. The nitrogen density at highest congelation was 1.5% in the chemical fertilizer, and 1.8% in the pig manure liquid compost not a significant difference. The stem height at harvest time was 73.8 cm in the crops treated with the liquid pig manure compost. Those treated with the chemical fertilizer, yielded a height of 4.2 cm less than the crops treated with the liquid pig manure compost. The yield was 507 kg/10a in the liquid pig manure compost treated rice, compared with the chemical fertilizer, which showed a value of 1.2% lower. The protein content was 6.3% in the rice treated with the chemical fertilizer, but 6.4% in the rice treated with the liquid pig manure compost. This is not a significant difference. However, the lodging rice plant treated with the chemical fertilizer control showed a protein content of 6.8%, which was even higher than the normal rice. The head rice ratio in the brown rice and the polished rice ended up to be lower in the crop treated with the liquid pig manure than that treated with the chemical fertilizer, Quality, the palatability value, was similar in both groups. The above result indicate that, the effect of liquid pig manure compost corresponds to the effect of chemical fertilizer, when each are scattered uniformly.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.1 s.106
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• pp.112-121
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• 2004

A study was performed to examine the effects of UV-disinfected reclaimed water on microorganism concentration during rice culture. Four treatments were used and each one was triplicated to evaluate the changes of microorganism concentrations: stream water irrigation (STR), biofilter effluent irrigation (BE), UV-disinfected water irrigation with dose of 6 mW ${\cdot}$ s $cm{-2}$ (UV-6), and UV-disinfected water irrigation with dose of 16 mW ${\cdot}$ s $cm{-2}$ (UV-16). The indicator microorganisms of interest were total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and E. coli. The biofilter effluent from 16-unit apartment sewage treatment plant was used as reclaimed water and flowthrough type UV-disinfection system was used. Concentrations of indicator microorganisms in the treatment plots ranged from $10^2$ to $10^5$ MPN/100 mL during 24 hours after irrigation in May and June, where initial irrigation water for transplanting reparation was biofilter-effluent without UV-disinfection. It implies that initial irrigation using only non-disinfected reclaimed water for puddling in paddy field can be health-concerned because of more chance of farmer's physical contact with elevated concentration of microorganisms. The concentrations of microorganisms varied widely with rainfall, and treatments using UV-disinfected water irrigation showed significantly lower concentrations than others and their levels were within the range of paddy rice field with normal surface water irrigation. The mean concentrations of STR and BE during growing season were in the range of 4 ${\times}\;10^3$ MPN/100 mL for TC, and 2${\times}\;10^3$ MPN/100 mL for FC and E, Coli, While mean concentrations of UV-S and UV-lS were less than 1${\times}\;10^3$ MPN/100 mL for all the indicator microorganisms. Overall, UV-disinfection was thought to be feasible and practical alternative for agricultural reuse of secondary level effluent in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2014

The cultivation situation of Korean wheat of 175 farmers in nationwide for two years, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, was analyzed to obtain basic data for extension cultivated area and enhancing the self-sufficiency ratio of Korean wheat. Compared to the mean temperature and precipitation in the normal year, the mean temperature was lower before the heading stage and higher amount of precipitation after the heading stage in 2010/2011 and higher the mean temperature and lower amount of precipitation after the heading stage in 2011/2012. Average cultivation career and area were 7.7years and 2.4~3.3ha, Keumkang cv. was mainly cultivated for two years and Jokyung and Baekjoong cvs. were increased cultivation areas in southern part of Korea, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeolllanambuk-do and Kwangju metropolitan city, including in 2011/2012. Most farmers (144) sown wheat seeds from late October to the beginning November with broadcasting method and the other famers were sown using the drill method. Average amount for basal fertilizer was 29.7 kg/10a with complex fertilizer mixed for wheat and barley cultivation, which was higher amount compared to recommended rate of fertilizer amount by rural development administration. Top dressing using nitrogen fertilizer was applied from in the late February to the beginning March. Heading date was the beginning May in 2011 and the late April in 2012, which the mean temperature from regeneration stage to tillering stage in 2011 was higher than that of 2012. Most farmers harvested wheat in mid-June and Pre-harvest sprouting and Fusarium head blight were occurred in 2011 due to the high amount precipitation during grain filling period.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 1999

This study was carried out to improve the cultivation method of paddy rice when the application amount of nitrogen decreased. We investigated the growth and the yield of paddy rice, the changes of nutrients in the soil solution, soil and paddy rice. The results are as follows. The yield at the N4 plot(N $73kg\;ha^{-1}$) was higher than that of control(N $110kg\;ha^{-1}$). N1(N $55kg\;ha^{-1}$), N2(N $55kg\;ha^{-1}$), and N3(N $73kg\;ha^{-1}$). The number of panicle per square meter at the N4 plot was larger than that of control plot. The increase in yield at the N4 plot was due to increased number of panicle where planting density was two times higher compared to the control plot. The availability of nitrogen at the N4 plot also was two times higher than that of control plot. The pH in soil solution was around 7 and did not change largely. The $K^+$ concentration in soil solution at all plots decreased gradually. The $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in soil solutions increased gradually, and decreased at the later stage slightly. The P concentration in soil solution decreased gradually, increased after the heading stage, and then decreased due to decrease of soil temperature. Leaching of $Ca^{2+}$ was higher, while that of $K^+$ and P was lower compared to other ions. Total content of nutrients in soil after harvest decreased. Contents of total N, total P, and O.M. at the N4 plot were higher than those of the other plots. The content of total N and O.M. was correlated to yield. Contents of N, P and K in rice straw and grain at the N4 plot were the highest among all plots. In conclusion, to decrease N application amount in paddy rice cultivation as well as to maintain yield, planting density should be twice of control and the amount of application of N fertilizer should be two-third of control where N fertilizer should be applied mainly at 20 and 10 day before heading.