• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.198-198
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• 2019

2011년 동일본 지역에서 발생한 지진으로 인하여 후쿠시마 다이이치에 위치한 원자력 발전소에서 다양한 방사성 물질들이 바다, 하천 그리고 대기와 같은 자연환경 속으로 유출되었다. 방사성 세슘(Cesuim, $Cs^{137}$)은 다양한 방사성 물질들 가운데 반감기(Half-life)가 30.17년으로 가장 긴 물질이다. 방사성 세슘이 환경 생태계로 한번 유출될 경우 긴 반감기과 널리 퍼지는 성질로 인하여 오랜 시간동안 넓은 지역에 막심한 피해를 초래하므로 효과적인 처리방법을 통해 안전하게 처리하는 것이 아주 중요하다. 세슘을 제거하기 위하여 물리적, 화학적, 생물학적 등 다양한 방법들을 통해 연구를 진행하고 있으며, 특히 세슘을 제거하는 아주 효과적인 방법 중 하나인 프러시안 블루(Prussian Blue, PB) 흡착제를 적용하는 방법이 많이 주목받고 있다. 그러나 프러시안 블루는 미세한 분말입자로서 수처리에 사용하게 되면 처리 후 발생되는 슬러지들을 수중으로 부터 분리하기 어려운 한계점을 가지고 있다. 최근 연구에서는 프러시안 블루의 적용 한계점를 극복하기 위하여 자성체(Magnetic substance)를 물리적 지지체로 이용하여 외부 자기장을 통해 수중으로 분리하는 방법들이 연구되고 있다. 자성체란 외부 자기장이 주어지게 되면 입자들 표면에 자성력을 띄는 물질들을 말한다. 본 연구에서는 자성체 종류들 가운데 가장 높은 자성력을 지닌 강자성체(Ferromagnetic Substance)를 물리적 지지체로 하여 산화과정, 실란과정, 합성과정을 거쳐 강자성체 입자의 표면에 프러시안 블루를 합성한 새로운 형태에 합성체를 제조하고, 제조된 합성체를 이용하여 수중에 존재하는 세슘 제거 능력을 평가하였다. 제조된 합성체의 물리적 특성을 분석하기 위하여 SEM, XRD를 이용하여 합성체 입자의 표면 분석을 진행하였다. 합성체의 세슘 제거 능력을 평가하기 위하여 임의 제조된 0.5mg/L의 세슘 농도를 가진 원수 100ml에 제조된 새로운 형태의 합성체 1g을 투입한 뒤 1분간의 반응시간 동안 반응한 이후 잔류 세슘을 측정한 결과 수중의 존재하는 세슘에 대해 99.9%의 세슘 제거율을 기록하였다. 자가분리(Magnetic Seperate)의 원리를 이용하여 수중으로부터 회수율을 측정한 결과, 99%의 합성체 회수율을 얻었다. 실험결과를 통해 외부자기장이 주어지게 되면 수중으로부터 합성체를 대부분 분리하여 회수할 수 있다고 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 새로운 형태의 합성체는 수중의 세슘 처리 공정에서 사용자가 직접 접촉하지 않고 세슘제거 및 외부자기장을 통해 수중으로부터 분리가 가능한 합성체라고 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2004

Earthquake records written in the history documents such as “SeungJeongWon IlKi” and “Chosun Wangjo Shilok” for the earthquakes occurred around the offshore near Yangyang and Samcheok area in June, 1681, have been analyzed to estimate the intensity distribution and epicenters as well as magnitudes. Three consecutive earthquakes were analysed, which occurred near those area on June 12, 17, and 26, 1681. The Main-shock occurred on June 12, 1681 was felt in almost every provinces of Korea while after-shocks occurred on June 17 and 26, 1681, were felt in several provinces restrictively. Although the main-shock was felt in the entire provinces, the real damage had been concentrated in Kangwon province. A block of rock collapsed to fall due to main-shock in the mountain near Samcheok. No other man casualties were reported except a death due to being thrown off a horse by ground shaking in Seoul. Local micro-tsunami seems to be generated at the offshore of Samcheok due to the main-shock. The main-shock seems to be occurred in the offshore between Yangyang and Samcheok (38.0oN and 129.0oE) , the epicenter intensity and magnitude of which is over 8 in MMI and 6½ in Ms, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2016

최근 기후온난화로 인한 이상기후와 지진의 발생가능성으로 인해 직렬 혹은 병렬로 위치한 2개 이상의 댐(저수지)들의 연속 붕괴 가능성도 점점 커지고 있어 연속 댐 붕괴에 대한 비상대처계획도 수립에 대한 관심도 증대되고 있다. 국내에서는 댐(저수지) 붕괴로 인한 극한홍수해석이나 비상대처계획 수립시 국내에서는 DAMBRK, FLDWAV, HEC-RAS와 같은 1차원 수리동역학 모형이 주로 사용되어지고 있다. 하지만 1차원 모형은 흐름을 하나의 방향으로만 한정하여 해석하고, 각각의 적용 횡단면에서 동일 수위를 가지다는 가정으로 홍수범람해석을 수행하므로 정확성뿐만 아니라 실제 적용성에서도 한계를 가질 수밖에 없다. 댐(저수지) 붕괴로 인한 홍수범람해석에서 2차원 이상의 고차원 모형은 앞서 언급한 1차원 모형에 적용된 비현실적인 가정을 포함하지 않으므로 더욱 정교하고 신뢰성 있는 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 하지만, 홍수범람해석을 위한 상용 프로그램들은 단일 댐(저수지) 붕괴의 적용에는 큰 어려움이 없으나, 지형단면을 초기에 한번만 고려하는 문제로 인하여 연속 댐(저수지) 붕괴의 고려에는 한계를 가진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 댐(저수지)의 연속 붕괴를 해석할 수 있는 2차원 수리동역학 모형을 개발하고자 한다. 각 댐(저수지)의 붕괴 전과 후의 지형 단면을 여러 번 반영할 수 있는 모형을 개발함으로써 시간차를 두고 붕괴되는 댐(저수지)의 연속 붕괴를 해석할 수 있도록 하였다. 개발모형은 2002년 태풍 루사로 인해 실제로 붕괴된 저수지에 적용되었으며, 이 저수지들은 붕괴시 시간차이를 두고 붕괴가 이루어져 개발모형의 적용 유역으로 선택하였다. 저수지의 연속붕괴 모델링을 위해 지형자료로는 저수지 단면, 댐 제체 및 여수로 붕괴 단면, 하천 단면 그리고 홍수터 지형 반영을 위한 수치지도, 경계조건으로는 저수지로의 유입유량과 하류단 조위조건이 고려되었다. 그리고 태풍 루사 당시의 기록적인 강우를 반영하기 위해 연구유역 인근에 관측된 강우를 모형에서 하천 및 홍수터에서 고려할 수 있도록 하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.300-305
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• 2023

In this paper, we confirmed that an efficient sensor network can be established at a low cost by applying Geofencing technology to a LoRa-based sensor network and verified its effectiveness in disaster management such as forest fires. We detected changes through GPS, gyro sensors, and combustion detection sensors, and defined the validity size of the Geofencing cell accurately. We proposed a LoRa Payload Frame Structure that has a flexible size according to the size of the sensor information.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.331-332
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• 2022

After the Great East Japan Earthquake, reports and books that compiled the testimonies of the victims were published and the situation of the evacuation at that time became known. However, there is very little information on the evacuation situation of children among these data, and it is not fully known what actions the children took and how they evacuated due to an earthquake or tsunami. The purpose of this study is to analyze and examine children's evacuation behavior in the Great East Japan Earthquake, and to predict children's evacuation behavior for future disasters.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.475-485
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• 2006

The physical properties of the central and southwestern crust of South Korea were estimated by comparing values of ${Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ in the Kimcheon and Mokpo areas. In order to get ${Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ values, seismic data were collected from two stations of the KIGAM network (KMC and MUN) and four stations of the KMA network (CPN, KUC, MOP, and WAN). An extended coda-normalization method was applied to these data. Estimates of ${Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ show variations depending on frequency. As frequencies vary from 3 Hz to 24 Hz, the estimates decrease from $(1.4{\pm}3.9){\times}10^{-3}\;to\;(2.3{\pm}3.5){\times}10^{-4}\;for\;{Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;(1.8{\pm}1.3){\times}10^{-3}\;to\;(1.9{\pm}1.5){\times}10^{-4}\;for\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ in central South Korea, and $(5.9{\pm}4.8){\times}10^{-3}\;to\;(2.2{\pm}3.8){\times}10^{-4}\;for\;{Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;(0.5{\pm}2.8){\times}10^{-3}\;to\;(1.8{\pm}1.6){\times}10^{-4}\;for\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ in southwestern South Korea. According that a frequency-dependent power law is applied to the data, the best fits of ${Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;{Q_S}^{-1}\;are\;0.003f^{-0.49}\;and\;0.005f^{-1.03}$ in central South Korea, and $0.026f^{-1.47}$ and $0.001f^{-0.49}$ in southwestern South Korea, respectively. These values almost correspond to those of seismically stable regions although ${Q_P}^{-1}$ values of southwestern South Korea are a little high due to lack of data used.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.4-31
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• 2018

It is difficult to ascertain exactly when the Hongjuupseong (Town Wall) was first constructed, due to it had undergone several times of repair and maintenance works since it was piled up newly in 1415, when the first year of the reign of King Munjong (the 5th King of the Joseon Dynasty). Parts of its walls were demolished during the Japanese occupation, leaving the wall as it is today. Hongseong region is also susceptible to historical earthquakes for geological reasons. There have been records of earthquakes, such as the ones in 1978 and 1979 having magnitudes of 5.0 and 4.0, respectively, which left part of the walls collapsed. Again, in 2010, heavy rainfall destroyed another part of the wall. The fortress walls of the Hongjuupseong comprise various rocks, types of facing, building methods, and filling materials, according to sections. Moreover, the remaining wall parts were reused in repair works, and characteristics of each period are reflected vertically in the wall. Therefore, based on the vertical distribution of the walls, the Hongjuupseong was divided into type I, type II, and type III, according to building types. The walls consist mainly of coarse-grained granites, but, clearly different types of rocks were used for varying types of walls. The bottom of the wall shows a mixed variety of rocks and natural and split stones, whereas the center is made up mostly of coarse-grained granites. For repairs, pink feldspar granites was used, but it was different from the rock variety utilized for Suguji and Joyangmun Gate. Deterioration types to the wall can be categorized into bulging, protrusion of stones, missing stones at the basement, separation of framework, fissure and fragmentation, basement instability, and structural deformation. Manually and light-wave measurements were used to check the amount and direction of behavior of the fortress walls. A manual measurement revealed the sections that were undergoing structural deformation. Compared with the result of the light-wave measurement, the two monitoring methods proved correlational. As a result, the two measuring methods can be used complementarily for the long-term conservation and management of the wall. Additionally, the measurement system must be maintained, managed, and improved for the stability of the Hongjuupseong. The measurement of Nammunji indicated continuing changes in behavior due to collapse and rainfall. It can be greatly presumed that accumulated changes over the long period reached the threshold due to concentrated rainfall and subsequent behavioral irregularities, leading to the walls' collapse. Based on the findings, suggestions of the six grades of management from 0 to 5 have been made, to manage the Hongjuupseong more effectively. The applied suggested grade system of 501.9 m (61.10%) was assessed to grade 1, 29.5 m (3.77%) to grade 2, 10.4 m (1.33%) to grade 3, 241.2 m (30.80%) and grade 4. The sections with grade 4 concentrated around the west of Honghwamun Gate and the east of the battlement, which must be monitored regularly in preparation for a potential emergency. The six-staged management grade system is cyclical, where after performing repair and maintenance works through a comprehensive stability review, the section returned to grade 0. It is necessary to monitor thoroughly and evaluate grades on a regular basis.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2009

The microseismic monitoring system with wide range of frequency has been operating in real time and it is remotely monitored at indoor and on-site for one year. This system was constructed and established in order to secure the safe and effective operation of the KAERI Underground Research Tunnel(KURT). For one year monitoring work, total 14 events were recorded in the vicinity of the KURT, and the majority of events are regarded as ultramicroseismic earthquake and artificial impacts around the tunnel. The major event is the magnitude 3.4 earthquake which was centered around Gongju city, Chungnam Province. It means that there is no significant evidence of high frequency microseismic event, which is associated with fracture initiation and/or propagation in the rock mass and shotcrete. Three components sensor was applied in order to analyze and define the direction of vibration as well as an epicenter of microseismic origin, and also properly designed and installed in a small borehole. This monitoring system is able to predict the location and timing of fracturing of rock mass and rock fall around an undreground openings as well as analysis on safety of various kinds of engineering structures such as nuclear facilities and other structures.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.635-646
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• 2000

Geological achievements of the 20th century revolutionized our views about geological understanding and concept. A good example is the concept of continental drift suggested early in the 20th century and later explained in terms of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics. Our understanding of the compositions of materials forming earth has also improved during the20th century. Radio and stable isotopes together with biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy allow us to interpret the evolution of sedimentary basins in terms of plate movement and sedimentation processes. The Deep Sea Drilling Project initiated in 1960s and continued as the Ocean Drilling Project in 1980s is one of the most successful international research observations, and new developments in computational techniques have provided a wholly new view about the interior of the earth. Most of the geological features and phenomena observed in deep sea and around continental margins are now explained in terms of global tectonic processes such as superplumes flowing up from the interior of our planet and interacting with such as Rodinia Pannotia and Nena back in the Precambrian time. The space explorations which began in the late 1950s opened up a new path to astrogeology, astrobiology, and astropaleontology. The impact theory rooted in the discovery of iridium and associated phenomena in 1980s revived Cuvier's catastrophism as a possible explanation for the extinctions of biotas found in the geological record of this planet. Due to the geological achievements made in the 20th century, we now have a better understanding of geologic times and processes that were too long to be grasped by human records.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2017

We construct 3D SV-wave velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle beneath East Asia from Rayleighwave group-velocity measurements. For the construction of the SV-wave velocity model at 10 ~ 100 km depth, we used seismic data recorded at 321 broadband stations in Korea, Japan, and China. Rayleigh-wave group-velocity dispersion curves were obtained by using the multiple filtering technique in the period range from 3 to 150 s. High SV-velocity anomalies are imaged beneath the East Sea from 10 km depth to deeper depth, implying that the Moho beneath the East Sea is between at 10 ~ 20 km depth. We estimated the Moho beneath the Korean peninsula to be around 35 km based on the depth where a high-velocity anomaly is observed. The SV-wave velocity model shows prominent fast S-velocity anomalies near northeastern Japan, associated with the subducting Pacific plate. Low-velocity anomalies are found beneath the east coast of the Korean peninsula at 100 km depth, which may play a role in the formation of the Ulleungdo and the Ulleung basin. We observed low-velocity anomalies beneath the Yamato basin at 100 km depth as well, which may indicate the upwelling of fluid from the Pacific plate via dehydration at deeper depth.