• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2017

Recent automobile manufacturing technology has improved not only the function and performance of cars, but also the audio systems in cars so as to increase their marketability. Automobile manufacturers always have the option of simply installing an expensive acoustic system to help customers enjoy a high-level sound quality car audio system. However, this also tends to increase the MSRP (Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price) of the car. Therefore, it is desirable, where possible, to enhance the sound quality of plainer, less expensive audio devices to help customers feel as if they have a high-quality and expensive audio device in their car. In order to make this happen, the manufacturer must develop an optimal interior environment and audio system at a relatively lower cost. To this end, features of the car audio system can be enhanced by analyzing audio frequency response and using performance metrics to figure out the characteristics of the human auditory system. This study analyzed the sound field of Korean Recreation Vehicles (RVs) using the Internet of Things (IoT) sensor for the measurement of car audio system. As a result, high energy of sensitive bandwidth, one of the human auditory characteristics often makes annoying sound. This study also found that increasing the frequency response flatness is required by taking human auditory field into account when designing the car audio system for the future.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.242-245
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• 2004

This study was conducted to assess water quality of Dae stream in Busan using the periphyton. Species of the higher rank 10% in standing crops were Cymbella ventricosa, Aulacoseira granulata, Gomphonema olivaceum, Synedra ulna through the study. In addition, Fragilaria intermedia ill the station 1 and 2, and Nitzschia palea in the station 3 and 4 dominated the periphyton community respectively. These species mainly appeared in the urban stream. Where input of pollutant is forecasted, standing crops of dominant species are investigated very highly. Also, standing crops of Nitzschia palea were higher in the pollution area such as polysaprobic than any other area. Water quality by the saprobic index were oligosaprobic in the station 1, $\beta$-mesosaprobic in the station 2 and 3, and $\alpha$- mesosaprobic in the station 4. These results suggests that the pollution of Dae stream gradually increased with downstream due perhaps to the loading of sewage from the new residental complex.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.183-191
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• 2005

The utilization of PET has been increased so fast since the usefulness of the PET has been proved in various clinical and research fields. Among the many applications, the PET Is especially useful in oncology and most of the clinical PET scans are peformed for the oncologic examination Including the different diagnosis of malignant and benign tumors and assessment of the treatment effects and recurrent tumors. As the PET-CT scanners are widely available, there is Increasing interest in the application of the PET Images to the radiation treatment planning. Although the CT images are conventionally used for the target volume determination in the radiation treatment planning, there are fundamental limitation In use of only the anatomical information. Therefore, the volume determination of the functionally active tumor region using the PET would be important for the treatment planning. However, the accurate determination of the tumor boundary is not simple in PET due to the relatively low spatial resolution of the currently available PET scanners. In this study, computer simulations were peformed to study the relationship between the lesion size, PET resolution, lesion to background ratio and the threshold of Image Intensity to determine the true tumor volume.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

Numerous observations revealed strong evidence of increased middle ultraviolet radiation or UV-B (280 ~ 320 nm) at the earth's surface resulting from stratospheric ozone depletion. UV is the waveband of electromagnetic radiation which is strongly absorbed by nucleic acids and proteins, thus causing damage to living systems. It has been recorded in the East Sea, Korea that solar UV-B impinging on the ocean surface penetrates seawater to significant depths. Recent researches showed that exposure to UV-B for as short as 2h at the ambient level (2.0 Wm$^{-2}$) decreased macroalgal growth and photosynthesis and destroyed photosynthetic pigments. These may suggest that UV-B could be an important environmental factor to determine algal survival and distribution. Some adaptive mechanisms to protect macroalgae from UV-damage have been found, which include photoreactivation and formation of UV-absorbing pigments. Post-illumination of visible light mitigated UV-induced damage in laminarian young sporophytes with blue the most effective waveband. The existence of UV-B absorbing pigments has been recognized in the green alga, Ulva pertusa and the red alga, Pachymeniopsis sp., which is likely to exert protective function for photosynthetic pigments inside the thalli from UV-damage. Further studies are however needed to confirm that these mechanisms are of general occurrence in seaweeds. Macroalgae together with phytoplankton are the primary producers to incorporate about 100 Gt of carbons per year, and provide half of the total biomass on the earth. UV-driven reduction in macroalgal biomass, if any, would therefore cause deleterious effects on marine ecosystem. The ultimate impacts of increasing UV-B flux due to ozone destruction are still unknown, but the impression from UV studies made so far seems to highlight the importance of setting up long-term monitoring system for us to be able to predict and detect the onset of large -scale deterioration in aquatic ecosystem.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.471-480
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• 2007

Negative emotions play an important function as to human's existence. In this research, we employed the audio-visual film clips to induce negative emotions and examined the classified responses in the autonomic nervous system(ANS) due to each negative emotion.30 adults(22.6 years $old{\pm}1.24$, 15 males and 15 females) took part in this experiment. Through the preliminary experiment, 2 minutes film's stimuli were selected as the emotion-induced stimuli. During the period when participants were viewing and listening to the selected movie, EDA and ECG were examined as soon as one stimulus was displayed, participants were tested by completing the psychological appraisals of their experienced emotion due to each emotional stimulus. With regard to the result of analyzing the psychological responses, each negative emotion appropriately and effectively induced its target emotion. While concerning the result of analyzing ANS responses, each negative emotion induced its respective activation in ANS. What is more, compared with other types of negative emotional stimuli, the scaring stimulus induced higher activation of the sympathetic nervour system(SNS) as to the indexes in EDh and ECG. This research made segmentation of ANS responses to each negative emotion, which has its significance.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.403-410
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• 2017

We collected fishes at the 12,873 sites in stream order (1~7) from 2008 to 2016. In the results, two populations(Zacco platypus and Zacco koreanus) represented distributional differences in the stream order gradient, and correlation analysis showed that the two populations had a potential competitive relationship. The ecological characteristics of the fish except for the Z. platypus and the Z. koreanus, according to the gradient of stream order showed a pronounced gradient in the species such as intermediate species, sensitive species, carnivores, herbivores and omnivores. The two populations showed a high correlation between intermediate species, sensitive species of the tolerance guild and omnivores, insectivores of the trophic guild. Fish assessment index (FAI) was negative relation with stream order. According to the stream order gradient, the two populations showed different correlations with FAI.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.134-134
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• 1993

Tn3 Transposon을 이용한 Shuttle Mutagenesis방법으로 효모의 Genome 상에 무작위적으로 $\beta$-gal 표지 유전자를 삽입하고 효모생활사의 각 세포시기 마다 특이하게 발현되는 유전자를 X-Gal plate상에서 찾아내고 이들 효모 유전자의 단백질이 세포내에 어떤 위치에 분포하는가를 간접 면역현미경법으로 추적해보았다. 먼저 효모의 genomic library를 38bp의 Tn3 Termial repeat를 가지고 있지 않은 pHSS6 Vector에 patial fill-in 방법으로 조성하였으며 최종적으로 20 Genome equivalent에 해당하는 18개 Pool의 genomic library를 만들었다. 이들 library를 조사하여 본 결과 모든 클론이 평균 3kb 크기의 insert를 가지고 있었으며 이는 99.99%의 효묘 genome을 대표하였다. 특정한 유전자의 발현을 알아보기 위해 먼저 mini-Tn3로 shuttle mutagenesis를 실시하고 vegetative growth동안 발현되는 유전자를 X-gal을 사용하여 골라내었다. 지금까지 16823개의 클론을 조사하였는데 이중 13%에 해당하는 2187개가 X-gal plate상에서 양성반응을 보여주었다. 양성반응을 보여주는 융합단백질의 세포내 분포틀 anti-$\beta$-galactosidase 항체를 사용하여 추적해보았다. 항체론 이용한 형광염색결과 약 70%의 세포가 background이상의 염색을 보여주었으며 이중 novel한 염색 pattern을 나타내는 클론도 다수 탐지되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 Tn3틀 이용한 Shuttle Mutagenesis 방법으로 지금까지 전통적인 유전학적인 접근 방식으로 탐지되지 않았던 다수의 새로운 효모 유전자를 찾아낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.tamine제중 triprolidine이 $K_{M}$ /K$_{H}$ 비가 가장 높았고 diphenidol이 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 항 histamine제의 muscarinic receptor 차단작용은 이들 약물의 항 alleragy 효과에 필요한 작용이 아니며 본 실험에서 추정된 항 histamine제의 H$_1$-receptor와 muscarinic receptor에 대한 상대적 역가는 이들 약물의 선택과 평가에 중요한 지표가 될수 있을 것으로 생각된다.ing ischemic insults. The nature of the receptor is being explored by molecular genetic techniques, and we have recently cloned two of the major subunits; some of the data will be presented.LIFO, 우선 순위 방식등을 선택할 수 있도록 확장하였다. SIMPLE는 자료구조 및 프로그램이 공개되어 있으므로 프로그래머가 원하는 기능을 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 아울러 SMPLE에서 새로이 추가된 자료구조와 함수 및 설비제어 방식등을 활용하여 실제 중형급 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 구현과 시스템 분석의 예를 보인다._3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shallow trap with 0.4[eV], in he amorphous regions.의 증발산율은 우기의 기상자료를 이용하여 구한 결과 0.05 - 0.10 mm/hr 의 범위로서 이로 인한 강우손실량은 큰 의미가 없음을 알았다.재발이 나타난 3례의 환자를 제외한 9례 (75%)에서는 현재까지 재발소견을 보이지 않고 있다.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.259-269
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• 2014

After global financial crisis, the ratio of household debt to GDP was decreasing in other advanced countries such as the U.S., and the U.K. and so on. But, in Korea, household debt (of which residential mortgage loan account for a large part) ratio is still increasing. This paper focuses on the scale and characteristics of households in negative housing equity (those are called House-poors in Korea), and also the socio-economic backgrounds of the formation process. In financial perspective, the problem of negative housing equity depends on financial debt repayment capability. We used DSR (Debt Service Ratio) and LTA (Loan to Asset ratio) as financial indicators to evaluate the debt repayment capability. The critical value of DSR is assumed as 40%, and LTA 100%. The socio-economic backgrounds of the House-poors are as follows : increasing households debt dependency, over lending competition of financial institutions and unreasonable loan in household economy, instability of real estate market, week regulation on mortgage loan. Finally, this paper suggests some implications about the range and the target of public intervention.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.396-402
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• 2004

For industrial application to manufacturing functional foods for health using browned oak mushroom, we examined its reducing power, inhibitory effect on intracellular reactive oxygen species, phenolic compounds and phytates contents, modulatory effects on NO radical and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) generation by activated macrophages, and antimutagenicity in order to evaluate the functionality of browned oak mushroom for health. While overall ethanolic extracts have higher reducing power than aqueous extracts, browning reaction was found to increase reducing power by up to 28% at a 3.32 mg/ml sample concentration. Browning reaction also increased phenolic compound content by about 73% compared to raw mushroom. However, any significant change in phytate content could not be detected. At a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$, treatment of ethanolic extract of oak mushroom increased NO generation over 43% in LPS-stimulated macrophage. On the contrary, the aqueous extracts rather decreased it over 17% at the same sample dose. However, any solvent extract from browned oak mushroom seems not to cause any change in both NO production and MMP9 activity. In addition, browning reaction did not allow any significant change in suppressive effect on mitomycin C-induced mutagenesis as examined with SOS chromotest. These results suggest a possible use of browned oak mushroom with unmarketable quality as a material for development of a variety of processed functional foods for health.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.472-482
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• 2012

There are many investors in the stock market, and more and more people get interested in the stock investment. In order to avoid risks and make profit in the stock investment, we have to determine several aspects using various information. That is, we have to select profitable stocks and determine appropriate buying/selling prices and holding period. This paper proposes a data mining tool for the investors' decision support. The data mining tool makes stock investors apply machine learning techniques and generate stock price prediction model. Also it helps determine buying/selling prices and holding period. It supports individual investor's own decision making using past data. Using the proposed tool, users can manage stock data, generate their own stock price prediction models, and establish trading policy via investment simulation. Users can select technical indicators which they think affect future stock price. Then they can generate stock price prediction models using the indicators and test the models. They also perform investment simulation using proper models to find appropriate trading policy consisting of buying/selling prices and holding period. Using the proposed data mining tool, stock investors can expect more profit with the help of stock price prediction model and trading policy validated on past data, instead of with an emotional decision.