• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.308-323
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• 1996

This study tried to find the prevalence and distribution of temporo-mandibulr disorders(TMD) for workers (employee) in Seoul area to investigate the correlation between TMD and possible etiological factors such as general muscle and joint symptoms, headache, unilateral chewing and parafunction. This study was an epidemiological investigation of answers obtained from 282 persons by questionaire from Aug. 1995 to Nov. 1995. The major findings from the questionaire were as follows. (1) 43.26% of the subjects(282 persons) has TMD. (41.88% of man and 43.26% of women) (2) The more often people have general muscle and joint symptoms and headache, the more susceptible they are to TMD. Their correlation was very significant(p<0.001). (3) The more people have bad oral habits such as bruxism, clenching and biting habit, the more likely they have TMD. The more sensitive people are to stress, the more frequently they have bad oral habits such as bruxism, clenching and biting habit. (4) Unilateral chewing has higher TMD index than bilateral chewing. There is no relationship between ache areas and TMD index.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.379-397
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop the Job Functional Assessment Scale. This study was involved took third steps. First, 93 preliminary items were developed based on theoretical literature and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Model. To verify the content validity, 3 rehabilitation experts rated those items. Second, the scale consisting of 73 items was administered to sample of 880 people with disabilities. Finally, items of the scale were reduced to 58 items. Factor analysis showed evidence of construct validity of the scale. Internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) of total score showed .94 and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of 7 subfactor demonstrated .74~.90. Thus, Job Functional Assessment Scale demonstrated satisfactory convergent validity and discriminant validity. In addition, the practical use of the scale was discussed.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.241-252
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• 1997

본 연구는 임상검사 및 방사선 사진상 악관절장애로 진단된 환자중 물리치료,악관절 안정장치 등의 보존적 치료방법을 시행하였으나 증상의 개선이 별로 없는 퇴행성 관절질환이나 중등도의 개구제한을 가진 환자를 대상으로하여 aspirin을 이용한 활액성분 분석 및 악관절 도약술과 sodium hyaluronate의 주입을 시행한후 이에 따른 치료결과를 평가하기 위하여 시행되었다. 평균연령이 31.2세(21-42세)인 11명의 악관절 장애환자를 대상으로 하였다. 악관절 도약술과 sodium hyaluronate의 주입은 악관절의 동통과 개구제한의 해소를 위해 시행되었으며 그 결과를 시술전, 시술 즉시, 시술 1주후 및 4주후로 나누어 분석하였으며 활액 채취시 생리식염수의 희석에 의한 활액성분의 농도 변화에 따른 오차를 막고자 활액과 혈액내의 aspirin의 농도차를 이용하여 정확한 활액 성분농도를 측정하였다. 이상의 연구를 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전체 환자의 생리식염수에 의한 악관절 활액의 희석계수는 1.4-12.9(5.5$\pm$4.2)로 상당히 넓은 범위를 나타내었다. 2. 만성 폐구성 과두걸림 환자군(n=7)의 생리식염수에 의한 활액의 희석계수 (6.2$\pm$3.5)는 퇴행성 관절질환을 갖는 환자군(4.4$\pm$5.7, n=4)과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 만성폐구성 과두걸림군과 퇴행성 관절 질환군간의 활액성분의 농도는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 희석계수를 이용한 수정된 Hyaluronic acid와 총단백질의 농도는 만성 폐구성 과두걸림군의 경우에서 유의하게 더 높게 나타났다. 4. 악관절 도약술과 sodium hyaluronate의 주입 직후 만성 폐구성 과두걸림 환자군의 경우 평균 8.3mm의 추가적인 개구 증가로 유의한 차이가 관찰되었고 퇴행성 관절질환의 경우 평균 1.3mm의 추가적인 개구증가가 있었으나 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 못했다. 5. 시술전, 시술 1주후 및 4주후의 여러 검사항목을 비교한 결과 두 군에서 모두 시간의 경과에 따라 기능이상 및 동통 감소의 경향을 나타내었으나 유의하지는 않았으며 만성 폐구성 과두걸림의 경우 기능장애지수(dysfunction index) 와 최대개구시 동통의 정도는 시술전과 시술 4주후간에 유의한 차이가 관찰되었다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.490-497
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the quality of life (QOL) and its related factors in veterans with physical dysfunction. The survey data was collected from 412 patients with physical dysfunction managed at five veterans' hospitals in Seoul, Pusan, Daegu, Gwangju, and Daejeon city. The baseline for the quality of life was measured using the SF-36 (Short-Form 36), activities of daily living was measured using a Modified Barthel Index (MBI), pain level was determined using Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale (QVAS), and the depression level was assessed using Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale: Short-Form (SGDS-K). The SF-36 scores showed a significant correlation with age (r=-0.132), self-rated current health status (r=-0.545), active daily living (r=0.514), pain level (r=-0.243), and depression level (r=-0.565) (p<0.05). The most influential variables on the QOL were the depression level (B=-.969, p<0.001), QVAS (B=-0.163, p<0.001), and MBI (B=0.140, p<0.001). The results of this study showed that that depression, pain and activities of daily living are significant predictors of the QOL in veterans with a physical dysfunction. Therefore, healthcare providers need to consider these parameters for interventions to improve the QOL in veterans with a physical dysfunction.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.184-190
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• 2016

Objectives : This study analyzed the differences of body mass index(BMI) in Korean patients with Alzheimer's diseases(AD), Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI), and healthy controls to verify whether low BMI is associated with cognitive impairment. Furthermore, this study also sought to examine any association between BMI and Mini Mental State Examination-Korean version(MMSE-K), Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR), and Global Deterioration Scale(GDS). Methods : A total of 257 subjects were included in the study. History taking, mental status examination, physical examination and neurocognitive function test were carried out for the diagnosis of AD and MCI. The subjects' demographic data and presence of diseases were also surveyed. The overall cognitive function and severity of diseases were assessed using MMSE-K, GDS, and CDR. Results : The order of BMI was found to be healthy controls>MCI>AD, with statistically significant differences among the groups. The order of MMSE-K scores was similar, with healthy controls>MCI>AD in statistically significant differences. The healthy controls had the lowest CDR and GDS scores, and AD patients had the highest scores. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and MMSE scores(r=0.238, p=0.000). BMI was negatively correlated with CDR(r=-0.174, p=0.008) as well as with GDS(r=-0.233, p= 0.000). Conclusions : Measuring BMI of patients with AD or MCI is expected to be meaningful in that BMI could be a clinical indicator of AD. We expect this to be beneficial for the diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutic approach of AD and also expect large-scale, long-term longitudinal studies to follow.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2006

Botulinum toxin injection has been used in the masticatory muscle area as an effective treatment method of various movement disorders and facial contouring, but its effects on jaw function have not been evaluated. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin type A injection into the masseter muscle on the EMG activities of masseter and anterior temporal muscles, and the limitation of jaw function. Fourteen healthy subjects were recruited. Five subjects were injected with 80 units of botulinum toxin type A(Dysport, Ipsen, Wrexham, UK) into each side of masseter muscle, and nine subjects were injected with saline into the same site as the botulinum toxin group. The surface EMG activities at maximum voluntary contraction of masseter and anterior temporal muscles were recorded before, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks after injection. Presence of jaw functional limitations in each subject was investigated using Korean version of Jaw Functional Limitation Scale(JFLS) questionnaire. The masseter muscle EMG was gradually decreased in the botulinum toxin group comparing with that of the control group(p<0.001), but the anterior temporal muscle EMG did not show significant changes. There was significant increases in the mastication (p<0.01), and global jaw limitation(p<0.05) subscales of JFLS at 1 week after injection, but no significant changes in the other subscales including opening, and verbal and emotional expression during the recording periods. Our results suggest that botulinum toxin injection into masseter muscle can affect modest limitation in mastication function at 1 week after injection but recovered to the baseline until 3 weeks after injection. The EMG activity of masseter muscle had been gradually decreased until 3 weeks after botulinum toxin injection but the anterior temporal muscle did not show any significant changes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.462-470
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• 2015

This study examined for which socio-economic difference effects on brain function and Problem behavior syndrome in children. About a children with no disorders, diseases or cognitive dysfunction-30 were from LIC children and another 30, from MC ones, the study was conducted by measuring and analyzing the data using brain function analysis and K-CBCL from January to April, 2013. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was found that the ratio of LIC's theta(${\Theta}$) and SMR waves and that of delta(${\delta}$), high beta(${\beta}h$), alpha(${\alpha}$) and low beta(${\beta}l$) waves showed significantly higher values than MC children. Second, concerning the symptoms of child behavioral problems, LIC showed significantly higher values than MC children in symptoms of the body, depression and anxiety, social immaturity, thinking problems, attention problems, aggression, internalization, externalization, overall behavioral problems, and emotional instability. MC children showed significantly higher values than LIC chidren in symptoms of social, academic-performance, total social skills. In conclusion, the significant difference of the brain functions and the symptoms of child behavioral problems between LIC and MC children showed that the socio-ecnomic difference has an influence on the same functions and symptoms above.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.343-352
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• 2001

Background : Advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by progressive pulmonary hypertension leading to right heart dysfunction, which plays a Important role in clinical evaluation but remains difficult and challenging to quantify. The noninvasive doppler echocardiographic value referred to as the Tei index has been suggested as a simple, reproducible and reliable parameter of the right ventricular function. The purpose of this was to assess the right ventricular function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using the Tei index and to evaluate its relationship with the pulmonary functional status. Methods : The study population comprised of 26 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 10 normal control subjects. The Tei index was obtained by dividing the sum of the isovolumetric contraction and the relaxation times by the ejection time using a pulsed-wave doppler. It was compared with the other available Doppler echocardiographic parameters of systolic or diastolic function and with the pulmonary function of the patients. Results : The Tei indices of the patients with COPD were significantly higher than those of normal subjects($0.45{\pm}0.17$ vs. $0.27{\pm}0.03$, p<0.01). The isovolumetric contraction time/ejection time($0.32{\pm}0.08$ vs. $0.25{\pm}0.05$, p<0.05), the isovolumetric relaxation time/ejection time($0.29{\pm}0.16$ vs. $0.15{\pm}0.08$, p<0.05)and the preejection period/ejection time ($0.46{\pm}0.10$ vs. $0.38{\pm}0.06$, p<0.05) were prolonged and the ejection time ($255.2{\pm}32.6$ vs. $314.2{\pm}16.5$ msec, p<0.05) was significantly shortened in patients with COPD compared to normal subjects. The tei indices were inversely correlated with the $FEV_1$ (r=-0.46, p<0.05) and were prolonged significantly in patients with a severe obstructive ventilatory dysfunction(less than 35% of predicted $FEV_1$) compared to those with a mild and moderate ventilatory dysfunction. The tei indices showed an inverse correlation to with the ejection time (r=-0.469), the isovolumetric contraction time/ejection time(r=0.453), the isovolumetric relaxation time/ejection time(r=0.896) and the preejection period/ejection time(r=0.480). Conclusion : The tei index appeared to be a useful noninvasive means of evaluating the right ventricular function. It revealed a significant correlation with the pulmonary function in patients with COPD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1990

The purpose of the present study is to investigate cognitive characteristics of ADHD children by comparing their performances on KEDI-WISC according to age and EEG variables. Subjects were 56 ADHD children who visited Seoul National University Children's Hospital during the period from January, 1988 to March, 1989. Group differences on age and EEG variables were tested by ANOVA, and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was performed to investigate how ADHD children were classified based on their performances on KEDI-WISC. The results Indicated that ADHD children showed low scores on Coding, Digit Span, and Comprehension subtests, suggesting their attention deficits and impulsivity. ADHD children were clustered Into three groups based on only FSIQ. In post-hoc tests three groups showed different cognitive strengths and weaknesses on KEDI-WISC. Group differences on age were not significant, and abnormal EEG group showed lower PIQ than normal EEG group, suggesting the possibility that their attention deficits were related to neurological factors.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.123-133
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• 2018

This study aims to evaluate the overall health of the disabled and oral health behavior to determine its relevance to DMFT index. Based on the National Health Nutrition Survey. The survey was conducted on disabled adults over 19years old age in 2013 the first of 6th phase. The data analysis included a general characteristics, disability factors, social economy factors, health factors, oral health behavior factors were cross-analyzed on a composite sample. The general linear model of the combined sample was analyzed to determine the factors affecting the DMFT index of the disabled. The analysis shows that the DMFT index is higher for men than for women, the higher age, the lower level of education, the worse condition of whole body(EQ-5D), the difficulty of Stomatognathic system, the uncomfortable of chewing and the worse oral health conditions subjectively. Therefore, the study objectively identified the overall oral health condition of the adult disabled in Korea, Through this study, a measure should be made to development of comprehensive oral health education program to promote oral health of disabled people and policy measures should be prepared for prevention and care of oral health of disabled people.