• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.640-646
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the breadmaking characteristics of white bread when rice bran (RB), fermented rice bran (FRB) and rice bran oil (RBO) were added to the dough. Addition of RB to dough generally showed a decrease of the bread volume and increase of the bread weight which is related to the comparative decrease of gluten in the dough. Addition of RB also showed a decrease of lightness with yellowish color of RB and showed some rheological changes in dough. However, up to 5% RB addition, the dough showed a similar property of breadmaking with giving functional benefits compared to the control. Moreover 5% FRB addition to the dough improved the taste, flavor, and texture important to quality of bread. Substitutional use of RBO for shortening in dough result in comparative decrease of volume of dough. Addition of yellowish RBO influenced the increasing yellowness score, hardness, gumminess and brittleness, which is disadvantageous for the quality of white bread. However up to 50% RBO substitution for shortening made little rheological differences compared to the control. The 50% RBO substitution for shortening increased the score of flavor in sensory test even if there was an unfavorable quality point of white bread caused by a decreased volume and an increased hardness. From these results it could be suggested that the proper use of RB, FRB and RBO in breadmaking could improve the taste and flavor, giving beneficial function originated from rice bran to white bread.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.525-533
• /
• 2009

To explore cattail pollen powder as a functional food ingredient, we analyzed the general components of pollen powder, tested changes in the physical properties of dough containing the powder, and investigated the process ability of powder-containing dough in bread making by adding 3%, 6%, or 9% by weight of pollen powder to wheat flour. Cattail pollen powder consisted of (all w/w) 12.7-13.2% water, 15.7-17.8% crude protein, 1.3% crude fat, 7.5-7.7% free sugar, 14.7-18.6% crude fiber, 3.4-4.9% pollen, and 49.7-55.9% soluble nitrogen-free extract (NFE). Analysis of the physical properties of dough mixed with pollen powder showed that as more pollen powder was added, the absorption rate increased, but dough stability decreased. With increasing levels of cattail pollen powder, the falling number decreased, and amylase activity increased. Fermentability was highest in dough made with 3% by weight of pollen powder, and the bread product made from such dough had the greatest volume. As more cattail pollen powder was added, the moisture activity in dough tended to decrease to a greater extent than seen in control dough, and this tendency increased with time. We found that longer storage periods were associated with greater hardness and springiness, which indicated degradation in product quality. Therefore, it is suggested that bread products containing cattail pollen powder should be consumed within 3 days of preparation. In a taste survey, bread baked with 3% (w/w) cattail pollen powder scored highest in all questionnaire items.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.614-620
• /
• 2018

A rice bran physically treated to increase the residual gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) content (200 mg/100 g) or its hot-water extract (200 mg/100 g) was added into a white pan bread, and changes in the physical properties including color, and volume and texture changes during storage at room temperature were examined. The addition of bran powders had negative effects on bread quality and storage stability whereas that of rice bran extract (RBE) improved the storage stability of bread. The lightness of bread crumbs decreased but the volume of bread slightly increased after addition of the RBE. The increase in crumb hardness during storage was retarded by the RBE addition. The residual concentration of GABA in bread was increased 38-fold when 20% of RBE was added. The addition of RBE to white pan bread improved the resistance to staling and health-promoting function because of GABA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
• /
• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 제23차 추계총회 및 국제학술심포지움
• /
• pp.223.2-224
• /
• 2003

현미는 단백질, 지방, 식이 섬유 및 비타민 등의 영양성분 함량이 높은 우수한 식품소재이다. 현미의 맛, 식감, 기호성을 증진하기 위해 현미를 tempering, 증숙, 건조, 볶음공정을 거쳐 가공하였고, 이를 빵보다 저장성이 우수하고 미생물적 변패가 적은 쿠키에 이용하여 맛과 영양 및 기능성을 증가하기 위한 쿠키를 제조하였다. 가공한 현미를 분말로 하여 쿠키를 제조해 본 결과 고소한 향과 맛이 떨어지고 조직감 또한 기존의 쿠키와 큰 차이를 나타내지 않아 바삭거리며 부서지는 조직감을 주고 볶은 현미의 독특한 향을 줄 수 있는 통째로의 현미를 이 용하였다. 가공한 현미의 일반 성분을 분석하였고, 밀가루에 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% 수준으로 혼합하여 반죽의 기계적 물성을 TA(Texture analyzer)를 이용하여 측정하였고, 이어서 쿠키를 제조하여 각 혼합비에 따른 쿠키의 색은 Hunter 색도계로 측정하였고, 쿠키의 퍼짐성은 Califer 를 이용하여 측정하였고 현미쿠키의 조직감은 TA로 측정하였다. 관능검사를 통해 표면색, 견고성, 부서짐성, 향, 맛, 전체적인 기호도를 조사하였다.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.667-673
• /
• 2010

Effects of substituting wheat flour with rice flour on bread-making properties were investigated. Rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars were 'Goami2(G2)', a functional rice containing higher non-digestible carbohydrates, and 'Chucheongbyeo (CC)', an ordinary Japonica rice. Rice flour was substituted at 10, 20 and 30% in wheat bread formulation, and the composite flour was used for yeast-leavened bread making. Peak and final viscosity of G2 rice flour was significantly lower than that of CC rice flour. Mixograph analysis indicated that replacement of G2 rice flour increased dough water absorption and mixing time compared to wheat flour. But, typical mixograph pattern was not found in the dough from composite flour with CC rice flour. As increasing the amount of rice flour, the G2 rice breads showed a significant decrease in loaf volume, but an increase in bread crumb firmness(g). For the CC rice breads, no significant difference(p<0.05) was observed in loaf volume and crumb firmness, ranging 1012~1050 cc and 433~482g, respectively. The results revealed that Chucheongbyeo is more suitable for bread-making with the composite flour of rice(10~30%) and wheat flour.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• 제37권7호
• /
• pp.914-920
• /
• 2008

In this study, hard roll breads were prepared with 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15% of concentrated sweet pumpkin powder (CSPP). The samples and a control were then compared in terms of quality characteristics, including pH, total titratable acidity, fermentation power of dough expansion, specific volume, baking loss, moisture content, color, textural characteristics, external and internal surface appearances, and sensory qualities of bread in order to determine the optimal ratio of CSPP in the formulation. As CSPP content increased, pH of dough, specific volume, baking loss, and lightness of bread decreased, while total titratable acidity of dough, pH, total titratable acidity, moisture content, and redness of bread increased. Fermentation power of dough expansion increased as incubation time increased. The CSPP samples had significantly higher yellowness, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience than the control group. Adhesiveness was the highest at the 12% substitution level, while the lowest at the 6% level. Springiness increased with increasing CSPP content. In the sensory evaluation, as CSPP content increased, scores for color and consistency of crumb decreased, while scores for aroma of sweet pumpkin, sweetness, and delicious taste increased. Density of crumb pore were maximal with the 12% CSPP substitution. The CSPP samples had significantly higher uniformity of crumb pore and springiness of crumb than the control group. However, mouth-feel and overall acceptability showed the reverse effect, obtaining fairly good scores. In conclusion, the results indicate that substituting $6{\sim}9%$ CSPP to hard roll bread is optimal, providing good physiological properties as well as reasonably high overall acceptability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
• /
• 한국식품영양학회 2000년도 정기총회 및 동계학술심포지움
• /
• pp.51-51
• /
• 2000

식생활의 서구화로 제빵 산업이 발달하고, 빵을 주식으로 하는 인구가 늘고 있다 또한 기존의 재료보다는 기능성이 첨가된 부재료를 활용한 건강 지향적인 식품의 수요가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 최근 밀배아의 용도 다양화를 위하여 팔은 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 상업적으로 이용되고 있다. 소맥의 제분과정에서 부산물로 얻어지는 밀배에는 식물 중에서 가장 많은 천연 비타민 E 복합체가 이상적인 상태로 함유되어 있다. 밀배아에 들어 있는 비타민 E는 천연 비타민 E 복합체와 합성 비타민 E로 구분되어진다. 천연비타민E는 8가지 이성체를 가진 자연 비타민 E를 말하며, 4종류의($\alpha$ㆍ$\beta$ㆍ${\gamma}$ㆍ$\delta$)의 토코페롤과 4종의 토코페롤의 복합체이다. 비타민 E는 사람을 포함한 고등동물에 필수적인 영양소로 식물성기름, 곡류, 배아 등에 많이 들어 있으며, 여러 이성질체중 $\alpha$-토코페롤이 체내에서 가장 생물학적 활성이 큰 것으로 알려졌으며, 생체막조직에서 인지질의 천연항산화제 역할을 하여 체내대사를 정상으로 유지하는데 큰 기능을 하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 우리나라에서 식용으로 소비되는 밀은 거의가 수입에 의존하고 있으며, 밀배아는 거의 전량이 가축의 사료용으로 사용되고 있고 근래에 와서는 배아유, 배아떡, 복합 조미료, 쿠키, 배아를 첨가한 국수 등에 이용되고 있다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 식빵제조시 밀배아 분말을 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10%씩 첨가하여 기능성 식빵을 제조하였을 때의 반죽의 물성, 호화특성을 살펴보고 빵으로 제조하였을 때의 식빵의 품질 특성으로서 1차 발효 손실률, 굽기 손실률, 부피, 질감, 노화도, 관능적 특성 및 mould-free shelf life를 측정하였다.te, ferric citrate가 유제품에 사용하기에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 생이용성을 평가하기 위하여 우유에서 low molecular weight components(ILC)를 분리하고 철분과 복합체를 형성시킨 다음, 철분 결핍된 쥐의 소장에서 loop을 형성시켜 ILC-철분 복합체를 injection하여 철분 흡수도를 조사하였다. Ferrous lactate 100ppm에서 약 25.6%흡수되었고 ferric citrate 100ppm은 24.7%, ferrous sulfate는 19.7%흡수되었다. ILC를 첨가하지 않은 100ppm 철분염 용액은 ferrous sulfate를 제외하고는 흡수도가 감소되었다. 철분 결핍된 쥐에게 gavage 방법에 의하여 철분강화우유를 투여하였을 때 철분 25ppm 시료에서는 ferrous sulfate가 12.5%로 가장 높았고 ferrous lactate는 8.1%, ferric citrate는 6.5% 흡수되었다. 철분 100ppm수준에서는 흡수율이 낮아져 ferrous sulfate는 25ppm 시료보다 절반이하 수준이었다. Ferric citrate는 차이가 거의 없었으며 ferrous lactate는 70%수준이었다. 이상의 결과에서 철분강화우유에 사용하기 적합한 철분염은 ferrous lactate, ferric citrate였는데 특히 ferrous lactate는 제품의 이화학적 품질, 생이용성 측면 모두에서 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.다 높았으며, 1회당 평균 8.1$\pm$5.1개의 난포란을 회수하였다. investigation can be separated into sampling and analytical uncertainties, it can be used as a criterion where the resources for the inves

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.154-159
• /
• 2007

In efforts to use pine needle extract as a substitute for sugar, fermented pine needle extract syrup was added to the wheat flour nea in the manufacture of white bread The extract was added to levels of 8.3%, 11% and 18% of total weight based on the Brix degree of the dough The cohesion of each dough was checked, and the physical properties and storage stabilities of the baked breads were analyzed during storage at mom temperature. Analysis of the cohesion of each dough by farinogram showed that dough with pine needle extract was better than dough with sugar, in terms of both stability and durability of mixing. The pH of dough with syrup was steady during storage at pH 5.4 5.8, which is favorable for yeast activity. The dough with syrup also showed low firmness and good extensibility, both of which would favorably affect gas retention on fermentation. Increases in syrup addition resulted in higher product volumes. Bread with syrup was slow to increase in hardness during storage, suggesting that higher syrup concentrations inhibited development of staleness. The addition of syrup also inhibited the growth of aerobic bacteria and mold on the bread surface. The addition of syn did not cause any negative effect. The use of pine none extract syrup may thus contribute to improvements the physical properties, the storage stability, and the hygienic quality of bread.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2009

Bread made after replacement of commercial hard wheat flour with lotus leaf flour (2.5 - 7.5%, w/w) was tested for dough and baking qualities, and by sensory evaluation. The loaf volumes of bread baked with 5% and 7.5% lotus leaf flour were 87% and 80%, respectively, of control (wheat flour only); by contrast, the volume of bread baked with 2.5% lotus leaf flour was 5% greater than control. The hardness of breadcrumbs baked with 2.5% lotus leaf flour was 64.5 g on day 0, and compared with control bread, hardness increased more slowly during storage for 3 days when 5% or 7.5% lotus leaf flour was used. Moreover, dough hardness increased with increasing levels of lotus leaf flour. Lightness decreased with addition of lotus leaf flour, but redness and yellowness significantly increased, in proportion to lotus leaf flour levels. Sensory tests on 2.5% lotus leaf flour bread showed no significant difference compared with control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.750-756
• /
• 2009

Cherry powder (obtained from ground fruit of Prunus serrulata L. var. spontanea Max. wils.), which is a natural functional material, was used in muffin manufacturing at different concentrations from 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10% (w/w). Muffin was evaluated for their sensory property and physical quality. The antioxidative activity measured by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of muffin increased as the concentrations of cherry powder increased. As the concentration of cherry powder increased, the mechanical characteristics of the muffin, such as hardness increased, but gumminess and chewiness decreased. Lightness (L) and yellowness (b) of muffin decreased as the concentration of cherry powder increased, whereas the redness (a) increased. The muffins containing 3, 5, 7, and 10% cherry powder had acceptable sensory properties, such as color, flavor, taste, softness, moisture, and overall acceptability. The results exhibited that adding the cherry powder into the muffin increased antioxidant activity. The highest quality improvement was obtained by incorporating 5% (w/w) of cherry powder into the muffin formula.