• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.62-69
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• 2019

Supplying stable electric power is one of the important objectives of the Official Development Assistance (ODA) because it is strongly related with improving living standards and income levels in the region. However, rural areas in many developing countries are not properly connected to national power grids, and even areas connected to national power grids are frequently blacked out due to limitations in power capacity. These lack of electric power is a major obstacle to improving income levels and improving living standards in those areas. The Korea-Tanzania Innovative and Energy Center (iTEC), which was established by Seoul National University in cooperation with the Nelson-Mandela Africa Institute of Science and Technology and Technology (NM-AIST) try to build a small solar power plant using a smart-off grid in rural area of Tanzania, where there is no electricity. 10 kW and 7 kW solar power plants are built in Mkalama Village in Kilimanajaro Region and Ngurdoto Village in Arusha Region to provide power to about 50 households each. In addition, smart monitoring systems were installed to collect data about status of power system and power consumption of each house. iTEC seeks for sustainable improvement the income level and quality of life of rural residents in developing countries through the construction of small solar power plants using smart-off grid, and the implementation of various connected projects.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.692-697
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the doughs and noodles cooked with the pea starch-wheat composite flour which was substituted with 20% and 30% of pea starch for the flour by the mechanical and sensory evaluation. Wheat dough had the most cohesive property among various composite non.(p＜0.05) There was no significant differences in weight gain after cooking among various noodles. The more the pea starch was subsituted, the lighter the color was shown by increasing L value. It was also noted that the b value was decreased significantly. While pea starch noodle were more transparent in appearance and less smooth in the texture, corn starch-wheat composite flour noodle was sorter in the texture significantly. There was no significant difference on the hardness between wheat and pea stach composite flour noodles. There were also no significant differences in stickiness, chewiness and overall acceptability among various noodles. Considering mechanical and sensory results, the composite flour with 20% substitution of pea starch for flour was more suitable for the production of the noodle than those of 30% substitution of pea starch.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1976

This study was conducted in order to observe some descriptive epidemiological findings and causes of life-long labour force loss in the rural population of Korea, and to consider, on the basis of these observations, some principles of the necessary control measures. The total number of subjects in the study was 27,172, all family members of 4,174 households. The study population was located in the 81 counties, out of a total of 138 counties, where the college students conducted service activities during the summer of 1974. In each village area where these service activities were conducted, one household per student interviewer was randomly selected. Student interviewers were instructed on the contents of the questionnaire prior to the survey. The main contents of the questionnaire form included address, name, sex and age of each family members, and present life-long labour force loss, if any, of each family member. In cases of current labour force loss, the age of onset and causes were recorded. Of the total households surveyed, 8.9% had family members (1-4 in number) with life-long labour force loss. Of the total persons surveyed, the crude prevalence rate for life-long labour force loss was 15.1 per 1,000; and the age-standardized prevalence rates for male and female were 16.3 per 1,000 and 13.4 per 1,000, respectively. The rates, in both sexes, were gradually increased as the ages were increased. The prevalence rates per 1,000, in order, for life-long labour force loss by the causes were 10.2 for senility, 2.4 for impairment of extremities, 1.2 for chronic diseases of internal organs, 0.5 for other conditions of muosculoskeletal system, 0.4 for blindness in both eyes, 0.2 for impairment of spine, 0.2 for psychoses, and 0.1 for epilepsy. Among them the causes of impairment of extremities were stroke, poliomyelitis, accidents, arthritis and injury due to war operation, in that order of higher relative frequency. The frequency ratios by age of onset were also observed by the causes and sex.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 2008

Objectives : The current study aimed at assessing clinical symptoms and personality characteristics on MMPI of patients in Hwa-Byung clinic. Methods : Thirty-one female patients($45.4{\pm}8.4$ years old) who visited to the Hwa-Byung Clinic in Ewha womans Dongdaemoon hospital were recruited. Semistructured interviews and laboratory tests for symptoms were performed for the patients group. Patients group and control group($42.9{\pm}8.0$ years old) completed MMPI. Results : All patients had symptoms of chest tightness or chest pain. 19(61.3%) out of 31 patients had gastrointestinal complaints. There were respiratory symptoms in 13(41.9%) patients. 12 patients(38.7%) suffered from difficulties in their sleep. 12 patients(38.7%) had psychiatric symptoms including anxiety or depressed mood. 8 patients(27.6%) were diagnosed as gastrointestinal diseases by the laboratory test. After controlling age and education, scores of Hs, D, Hy, Pt on MMPI in patients group were significantly higher than control group (p=0.001, p=0.049, p=0.000, and p=0.029, ANCOVA, respectively). Conclusion : In the current study, patients who have visited Hwa-Byung clinic showed various somatic symptoms including chest tightness, gastrointestinal symptoms, complaints in respiratory system and psychiatric symptoms. Based on laboratory tests, considerable proportion of patients was diagnosed as physical illnesses. Additionally, patients in Hwa-Byung clinic have a tendency to be more hypochondriatic, depressed, hysteric and anxious.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.427-434
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• 2003

In this paper, we present a speech-based Environmental Control System(ECS) and its application. In the concrete, an ECS using the speech recognition and an portable wheelchair lift control system with the speech synthesis are developed through the simulation and the embodiment. The developed system apply to quadriplegic man and we evaluate the result of physical effect and of mental effect. Speech recognition system is constructed by real time modules using HMM model. For the clinical application of the device, we investigate the result applied to 54-years old quadriplegic man during a week through the questionnaires of Beck Depression Inventory and of Activity Pattern Indicator. Also the motor drive control system of potable wheelchair lift is implemented and the mechanical durability is tested by structural analysis. Speech recognition rate results in over 95% through the experiment. The result of the questionnaires shows higher satisfaction and lower nursing loads. In addition, the depression tendency of the subject were decreased. The potable wheelchair lift shows good fatigue life-cycle as the material supporting the upper wheelchair and shows the centroid mobility of safety. In this paper we present an example of ECS which consists of real-time speech recognition system and potable wheelchair lift. Also the experiments shows needs of the ECS for korean environments. This study will be the base of a commercial use.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.145-154
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• 2015

The objective of this research is to evaluate the usability test of 'Paldokangsan3' which has been developed as a serious game for the elderly to improve their physical and mental health. This game machine has been installed in a silver house for one month that the elderly could play the game as they like in their convenient times. To promote their participations to practice the game, we set 3 contests with gifts for the high scores and collect their data through inspection, questionnaire and interviews by the researchers as well as in-game measurement for the play. Eight people volunteered to join the project. While the result analysis for the usability area of easiness of control, learnability of the game play, memorability and challenge didn't show the statistical confident t-value, most elderly players participated 2~3 times a day for a month even though most of them are suffering mild cognition impairment. They showed good subjective satisfactions in their interviews that we could go on the project further to expand its applications.

• KNOM Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

VM (Virtual Machine) live migration is a server virtualization technique for deploying a running VM to another server node while minimizing downtime of a service the VM provides. Currently, in cloud data centers, VM live migration is widely used to apply load balancing on CPU workload and network traffic, to reduce electricity consumption by consolidating active VMs into specific location groups of servers, and to provide uninterrupted service during the maintenance of hardware and software update on servers. It is critical to use VMlive migration as a prevention or mitigation measure for possible failure when its indications are detected or predicted. In this paper, we propose two VNF live migration methods; one for predictive load balancing and the other for a proactive measure in failure. Both need machine learning models that learn periodic monitoring data of resource usage and logs from servers and VMs/VNFs. We apply the second method to a vEPC (Virtual Evolved Pakcet Core) failure scenario to provide a detailed case study.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2001

Background : Recently, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) has become a popular diagnostic method for differentiating the main cause of exertional dyspnea or exercise limitation. We evaluated the difference in the CPX results according to interpretative algorithms and the methals of exercise in Korea. Method : Sixty-six patients with chronic lung disease and 48 adults with dyspneic symptoms, but with no abnormalities in a spirometry performed symptom limited CPX, were included in this study. The results were interpreted using both Wasserman's(WA) and Eschenbacher's algorithm (EA), and a comparison between both algorithms was made. Thirty-three healthy medical students performed the CPX with a cycle ergometer and treadmill. The results were interpreted with EA and the concurrence in interpretations was evaluated accord ing to the methods of exercise. Results : 1. In patients with chronic lung disease, the overall concordance rate between the two algorithms was 63.6%. The concordance rates waw 69.8% in patients with obstructive, 25.0% in those with restrictive, and 66.7% in those with mixed pulmonary insufficiency. In patients with dyspneic symptoms but normal findings in resting spirometry, the concordance rate was 60.4%. 2. In healthy medical students, in results inter preted with EA, the concordance rate between the cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise was 25.0%. Conclusion : Both interpretative algorithms and methods of exercise may affect the CPX results. In using CPX as a diagnostic test for the causes of dyspnea in the Korean population. the interpretative algorithms and method of exercise need to be standardized, and a predictive $VO_2$max equation needs to be established.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.67
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• pp.157-194
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• 2021

The issue of AI's ethical consciousness has been constantly on the rise. AI learns and imitates everything behavior human beings do, just like a child. Therefore, the ethical consciousness we currently demand from AI is first the ethical consciousness required of humans, and at the center of it is the dignity of humans. Thus, this study analyzed human identity and its problems according to the development of AI technology, apologized the theological premises and characteristics of human dignity, and sought the direction of human dignity education as follows. First, this study discussed the development of AI and its relation to human beings. The development of AI's technology has led to the sharing of "reason or intelligence" with machines called AI which have been restricted to the exclusive property of mankind. This raised the question of the superior humanity which humans would be remained to be distinguished from AI machines. Second, this study discussed transhumanism and human identity. Transhumanism has been argued for the combination of AI machines and humans in order to improve inefficient human intelligence and human capabilities. However, the combination of AI machines with humans raised the issue of human identity. In the AI era, human identity is to believe thoughts that God had when he built us. Third, this study apologized theological premise and characteristic about human dignity. Human dignity has become a key concept of the constitution and international human rights treaties around the world. Nonetheless, declarative conviction that human is dignified is difficult to be understanded without Christian theological premise. Theological premise of human dignity lies on the fact that human is dignified feature being granted life by Heavenly Father. This feature lies on longing for "Goodness" and "eternality", pursuit of beauty, a happy being in relationship with others. Fourth, this study presented the direction of human dignity education. The direction of human dignity education has to awaken what is identity of human and how human beings were created and how much they are precious. Furthermore, it lead human to ponder consciously and accept the highest value of what human beings are, how they were created, and how precious they are. That is about educating human identity, and its core is that regardless of the circumstances - the wealth gap, knowledge level, skin color, gender, age, disability, etc. - all people are in God's image and for the glory of God, thereby being very important to God.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.401-405
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• 2005

Purpose : The use of mechanically-assisted ventilators at home reduces morbidity and improves the quality of life in children with chronic respiratory failure. But in Korea there is no clinical data of children with home mechanical ventilation. We investigated ventilator types, duration, the causes of failure or death, and the cost needed for care. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 21 children who were admitted and who applied for home mechanical ventilation at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Asan Medical Center. Phone interviews took place after discharge. and interviewed by phone after discharge. Results : The median age was 31 months; the median duration with ventilator was 25 months. Underlying diseases were 16 neuromuscular diseases, one metabolic disease and four chronic respiratory diseases. The types of ventilator were pressure and volume type(16 and five patients, respectively). The frequency of ventilation failure was once per 19 months. Weaning could be performed in three cases. Frequencies of admission after receiving ventilators were 1.7 times per year; the most common cause was pneumonia. Nine patients(43%) died; four of them died because of endotracheal tube obstruction. The costs for medical care were about 1,110,000 won per month. Conclusion : There is an increment in the numbers of individuals who need mechanical ventilation support. The most common cause of death was endotracheal tube obstruction. The most important problem for the patients was medical cost. There needs to be more interest in patients with ventilator and social welfare systems to support their families need to be prepared.