• The Monthly Diabetes
• /
• s.216
• /
• pp.39-41
• /
• 2007

당뇨병환자에서의 감염증은 인슐린과 항균제의 사용으로 그 이환율과 사망률이 현저히 감소하였으나, 현재까지 당뇨병환자의 진료에 있어서 해결해야 할 중요한 문제로 남아있다. 당뇨병환자에서 감염증의 발생빈도는 대부분 일반인과 차이가 없다고 보고되고 있으나 일부 특정 감염증의 빈도는 현저하게 증가하고 감염증의 정도가 훨씬 심하며, 임상양상도 정상인과 다른 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히 인플루엔자, 세균뇨, 악성 외이도염, 비뇌모균증, 기종성 담낭염, 기종성 신우신염 또는 방광염, 급성 신유두괴사, 신주위 농양, 진균성 요로 감염증, 그람 음성균에 의한 폐렴, 괴사성 연조직 감염과 족부 궤양 관련 감염증 등은 당뇨병과의 관련성이 이미 입증된 감염질환들이다. 당뇨병 환자에서 감염증의 발생빈도는 약 14.4%에서 39.5%까지 보고되고 있으며, 국내에서는 폐결핵 20%, 요로 감염 20%, 폐렴 16%, 진균감염 7.6%, 균혈증 6.2%, 족부 궤양 관련 감염증 5.5%의 순으로 보고되고 있다. 당뇨병환자가 감염증에 대한 원인에 대해서는 확실히 밝혀지지는 않았지만 탈수, 영양실조, 다형 백혈구의 기능 장애, 혈액 순환장애 및 신경병증 등으로 설명되고 있다. 특히 당뇨병환자에서는 미세 혈관병증과 죽상경화증이 흔히 발생하기 때문에 각 조직으로의 혈액 공급이 감소되어 각 장기 조직에서는 정상적인 영양 및 산소 공급과 적절한 면역 반응을 유지하는 것이 어려워 결과적으로 감염증에 걸리기 쉽다. 이 글에서는 여러 가지 감염증 중 족부 궤양 감염증, 기종성 신우신염, 비대뇌모균증, 간농양에 대해 사례를 중심으로 알아보겠다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 1989

The "rim sign" is a rim of increased hepatic activity adjacent to the gall bladder fossa and known as an useful indicator of acute cholecystitis. Also, many reports suggested that if rim sign is positive there is an increased risk for complications such as perforation and gangrene. To evaluate the usefulness of this rim sign, we reviewed 32 cases that were pathologically confirmed. The incidence of rim sign was 47% similar to other reports but with our results, the rim sign was not specific to acute cholecystitis nor indicator of increased risk for complications.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a percutaneously placed self-expanding metallic stent for the relief of biliary obstruction in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: From November 2001 to December 2004, 48 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were prospectively studied. After percutaneous placement of bilateral selfexpanding, uncovered metallic stents, follow-up evaluation was carried out until July 2005. Results: There were 4 cases of Bismuth type II, 21 cases of Bismuth type IIIa, 8 cases of Bismuth type IIIb and 15 cases of Bismuth type IV. Stent placement was technically successful in all patients. All patients had satisfactory biliary drainage, resulting in one week drainage rate of 72.8% and final drainage rate of 91.1%. There were 12 cases (21.3%) of abdominal pain requiring analgesics and 1 case (7.1%) of cholangitis; both were successfully managed with conservative treatments. Late complications occurred in four patient (8.3%), including two patients with cholangitis, one patient with liver abscess, and one patient with biloma; all were appropriately managed by percutaneous drainage. The average length and median durations of stent patency and median survival time were 303 days (range, 60~815) and 338 days (range, 60~1175), respectively. Conclusion: Placement of a percutaneous metallic stent is an effective and safe method for palliation of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.26 no.2 s.42
• /
• pp.222-230
• /
• 1993

Industrial glues, known as 'Bonds' in Korea, contain many kinds of organic solvents, and glue sniffing of youths became one of the social problems in Korea. Mixed exposures to solvents by glue sniffing may induce chronic toxicities different from those by exposures to solvents of single component. To test effects of the glue sniffing on weight gain or central nervous system, two groups of 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to air(control group) or vapors of the glues to narcotic status(exposed group), and weight check, tail flick test, hot plate test, rotarod treadmill test were done on the 14th,24th, 36th, 45th, 53rd, 86th, 102nd, 117th, 134th and 151st days after the first exposure. On the 188th day, their brains were excised and examined by a pathologist. Weight gain, controlled against time change, showed significant difference between the groups, but response times in tail flick test, hot plate tests, and rotarod treadmill test didn't. In pathological examination with blind method, no macroscopic or microscopic differences were found between the two groups. These results suggests that organic lesion in central nervous system may not ensue glue sniffing, but, before firm conclusion, more studies in various exposure conditions should be followed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.194-201
• /
• 2005

Purpose: Gall bladder (GB) stones in children are rarely observed, and so reports of them have been quite limited in Korea. Therefore, we tried to assess the epidemiology and clinical features of children with GB stone diagnosed at Severance Hospital. Methods: A clinical study was performed on 18 patients below 15 years of age diagnosed with GB stone by abdominal ultrasonography or CT scan at Severance hospital from January 1999 to May 2005. Results: Concerning patients' profile, their sex ratio of male to female in total 18 cases was 2 : 1 with the mean age of $6{\pm}4.3years$. 15 patients (83.3%) were asymptomatic. Inducing factors were found in 14 children (77.8%) including ceftriaxone therapy in 6 cases (33.3%), infection in 4 cases (22.2%), spherocytosis in 3 cases (16.7%), Down syndrome and abdominal operation in 1 case (5.6%) respectively. Single stone was found in 13 cases (76.5%) and multiple in 4 cases (23.5%). 15 cases (88.2%) had the stones less than 5 mm in size, and 2 cases (11.8%) between 5 and 10 mm. 17 patients received conservative treatment, and one patient had cholecystectomy due to Meckel diverticulum. Conclusion: In this report, Pediatric GB stones are predominant in male children, without typical symptoms, having inducing factors, single and small. Recently the diagnosis of them has been increased because of the development of imaging study. But the reports for them were still rare in Korea. Therefore the study for them is more necessary to find it's clinical characteristics.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.25 no.1 s.37
• /
• pp.88-100
• /
• 1992

This study was conducted to assess the effects of implementation of the patient referral system started July 1st, 1989. A comparison on the pattern of outpatient services of the Departments of Internal Medicine, General Surgery, and Pediatrics at the Yeungnam University Hospital was conducted for each one year period before and after implementation of the patient referral system. The pre-implementation period was from July 1, 1988 to June 30, 1989 and the post-implementation period was from July 1, 1989 to June 30, 1990. The information used for this study was obtained from official forms, prepared by the Yeungnam University Hospital, and submitted to the Korean Medical Insurance Cooperatives. After implementation of the patient referral system, the number of outpatient cases in the Department of Internal Medicine decreased 36.1% from 9,669 cases to 6,181 cases a year. Cases in the Department of General Surgery decreased 23.7% from 1,864 cases to 1,422 cases a year. The number of cases in the Department of Pediatrics decreased 36.9% from 3,372 cases to 2,128 cases a year. After implementation of the patient referral system, the average age of cases in the Departments of Internal Medicine and General Surgery was 52.5 and 49.7 years old, respectively. This was a significant increase in comparison with the pre-implementation period. After implementation of patient referral system, the proportion of new outpatients in the Department of Internal Medicine decreased from 24.1% to 14.6%, the Department of General Surgery from 36.0% to 23.4%, and the Department of Pediatrics from 15.5% to 8.3%. The number of visits per case decreased significantly in the Department of Internal Medicine(from 1.74 to 1.61), but there was no significant change in the Departments of General Surgery and Pediatrics. The length of treatment per case increased significantly in all three departments(from 16.1 days to 19.3 days in the Department of Internal Medicine, from 12.0 days to 15.2 days in the Department General Surgery, and 8.9 days to 11.2 days in the Department of Pediatrics). The number of clinical tests per case increased significantly in the Department of Internal Medicine (from 2.2 to 2.5), in the Department of Pediatrics(from 0.8 to 1.1) and increased in the Department of General Surgery(from 6.4 to 6.6). The average medical cost per case decreased from 43,900 Won to 42,500 Won in the Department of Internal Medicine, while the cost increased from 75,900 Won to 78,500 Won in the Department of General Surgery and from 12,700 Won to 13,500 Won in the Department of Pediatrics. In case-mix, the chronic degenerative disease(i. e. hypertension, diabetes mellitus, angina pectoris, malignant neoplasm, and pulmonary tuberculosis) ranked higher and acute infectious diseases and simple cases(i. e. gastritis and duodenitis, haemorrhoids, anal fissure, carbuncle, acute URI, and bronchitis) ranked lower after implementation of the patient referral system compared to before implementation.