• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.513-518
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine correlation between smoking and gingivitis in boy students targeting 281 students in the 2nd grade for vocational boys' high schools where are located in Cheongju city. As a result of carrying out questionnaire research and oral examination, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. The smoking-experience rate in subjects of this study accounted for 59.4%. The current smoking rate was indicated to be 41.3%. Students' average gingivitis prevalence accounted for 61.5%. Out of those students, the students with experience of smoking accounted for 44.8%. The average gingivitis index was $0.20{\pm}0.27$. Out of those students, the students with experience of smoking were indicated to be $0.29{\pm}0.31$. 2. In case of having experience of smoking, the probability of having gingivitis was high(p = 0.000). The more drinking experience led to the higher gingivitis prevalence(p = 0.010). 3. In the multi-variate analysis, a case of gingivitis prevalence was higher in the group with experience of smoking by 5.5 times(p = 0.000) compared to the non-smoking group. A case that the smoking volume for a day is over 6 pieces was higher by 8.4 times(p = 0.000) compared to the non-smoking group. A case of being over 25 months in the smoking period was higher 13.2 times(p = 0.000) compared to the non-smoking group.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.317-327
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• 2012

The purpose of present study was to observe the path and influencing effects between socioeconomic class (SEC), health practices and self-rated health(SRH) by the age bracket. The subjects were 4,987 adults over 25 years old who participated in the 2008 Korean National Examination Health and Nutrition Survey and could be classified into SEC in terms of the three characteristics: education, income and occupation. Path analysis was conducted with the effects of health behaviors execution on the differences in SRH, and the complex samples analysis executed by chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA. As the result, lower SRH level paralleled with the lower SEC, and more health behaviors had differed by SEC in the younger and middle aged group. The lower SEC, the lower SRH: non-smoking and weight control for younger women and exercise for aged men had indirect effects as parameters. In conclusion, when planning a health promotion program, to select the correct target populations with consideration of the age bracket, gender and SEC and to establish tailored contents fit for each of the population would be important.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.258-266
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the differences between smokers and non-smokers' oral hygiene and college students' smoking awareness. The survey was carried out based on the 260 college students enrolled in four-year universities located in Kyungbuk, Daegu, Gangwon-do. Collected date used the SPSS 17.0 to perform the frequency and cross-analysis. 1. The daily smoking amounts of less than half pack and the smoking duration of more than 1 year and less than 3 years were to be the highest. The initiation of smoking was triggered by the curiosity and the proximal social environment. The reason of smoking was to relieve stress and habitual smoking respectively. 2. There was a significant difference between smokers and non-smokers' tooth brushing time, regular dentist visit, recent dental admission, the purpose of dental visits, scaling and oral health education. 3. There was a significant difference between smokers and non-smokers' awareness of oral hygiene in the subjective oral hygiene status. 4. There was a significant difference between smokers and non-smokers' awareness towards the impact of second-hand, after meal and one or two cigarette smoking. Based on the above results, smokers lack the awareness of smoking and oral hygiene compared to non-smokers. Therefore, the activation and the development of programs for the smoking and oral hygiene education targeting college students are considered to be necessary.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.516-524
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the smoking experience of some middle school students and their oral health behavior in an effort to provide information on how to teach students to abstain from smoking and improve their oral health behavior to maintain or promote their oral health. The subjects in this study were the students who were in their first, second and third years in four different middle schools located in the city of Iksan, North Jeolla Province. A survey was conducted from June 14 to July 12, 2011, and the collected data were analyzed. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. The students who smoked accounted for 10.6 percent. Out of them, the rates of the boys and the girls respectively stood at 16.0 and 5.4 percent (p<0.001). 2. As for the life satisfaction of the smoker students, 9.5 percent were satisfied, and 15.0 percent were unsatisfied (p<0.05). 3. Concerning a plan for quitting smoking, 71.4 percent of the boys and 45.5 percent of the girls planned to give up smoking (p<0.01). 4. Regarding the links between smoking experience and oral health behavior, the students who had smoking experience got 2.19 in the use of oral hygiene supplies, and the others who hadn't got 1.97 (p<0.01). 5. As to the connections between nicotine dependence and oral health behavior, the students who replied they depended on nicotine got 2.68 in education and concern, and those who answered they never did got 3.21 (p<0.05).

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1089-1090
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• 2003

본 연구는 대구ㆍ경북지역 대장직장암 환자의 일반 생활 상황과 식행동 특성을 분석 평가하여 지역민의 대장직장암 예방을 위한 영양교육에 활용할 수 있는 식생활 관련 기초 자료를 얻고자 수행되었다. 최근 경북대학교 병원에서 대장직장암 진단을 받고 입원한 수술 전후 환자 123명 (남 79명, 여 44명)을 환자군 대상으로 하였고 대장질환이 없는 정형외과 환자 등 182명(남 117명, 여 65명)을 비교군 대상으로 하였다. 대상자의 일반 특성, 식습관, 식행동 특성, 식품섭취 빈도 등의 내용을 포함한 설문지를 이용하여 개인 면담을 통하여 조사하였다. 현재 BMI와 과거 가장 높았던 체중의 BMI는 남녀 모두 환자군에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 환자군의 교육 수준은 비교군에 비해 낮았고 주 거주지역 분포는 농촌이 가장 많았으며 가계 소득은 환자군에서 비교군에 비하여 높은 것으로 나타났다. 주요 일상활동 강도는 비교군에 비해 환자군에서 유의적으로 가벼운 것으로 나타났다. 발병 전 일상생활에서 느끼는 스트레스의 정도가 환자군에서 비교군에 비해 유의적으로 높았던 것으로 나타났다. 자신의 성격 유형을 비관적인 것으로 생각하는 비율과 가족의 암 병력이 환자군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 식사의 규칙성에서도 환자군에서 끼니를 거르는 비율이 유의적으로 높았다. 환자군은 비교군에 비해 육식을 유의적으로 높게 선호하였으며 외식시 고기류를 선호하는 비율이 높았다. 평소 물 섭취량은 환자군에서 비교군에 비해 적었다. 환자군이 비교군에 비해 짠맛에 대한 선호도가 유의적으로 높았고 단 맛과 매운 맛은 비교군에 비해 싫어하는 경향을 보였으며 기름진 맛을 선호하는 경향이 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 환자군에서 굽기, 튀기기를 좋아하는 경향이 유의적으로 높았다. 환자군에서 음주 빈도, 음주량 그리고 커피 섭취량이 높게 나타났으며, 1일 흡연량이 많았고, 흡연 시작 연령은 빨랐으며, 금연 연령은 늦어 흡연 기간이 유의적으로 긴 것으로 나타났다. 환자군의 영양지식 정도와 영양태도는 비교군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았고 환자군의 영양지식 수준이 높을수록 좋은 영양태도를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 과거 10년간 식품 섭취 빈도 조사 결과 환자군은 등푸른 생선류와 콩류 및 된장, 두부를 비교군에 비해 유의적으로 더 많이 섭취하였고 해조류, 생 녹황색채소류, 익힌 녹황색 및 담색채소류와 녹차를 더 적게 섭취한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 일상생활의 스트레스와 가족의 암 병력 및 비관적 성격 유형이 대장직장암 발병의 위험인자가 될 수 있음을 제시하며 육식 선호, 적은 양의 물 섭취, 짜고 기름진 맛에 대한 높은 기호도, 음주, 흡연, 커피의 섭취 그리고 나쁜 식습관이 대장직장암 발생과 관련된 식생활 위험인자가 될 수 있음을 제시한다. 해조류, 녹황색채소, 담색채소, 녹차가 대장직장암 발생의 보호인자의 가능성도 제시되었다. 따라서 향후 지역적 식문화 특성을 고려한 보다 광범위하고 체계적인 조사 연구를 통해 이 지역의 대장직장암 발생의 위험인자와 보호인자를 재확인할 필요가 있다고 보며 본 연구의 결과는 지역민의 대장직장암 예방을 위한 영양교육 자료로서 활용될 수 있다고 본다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1359-1366
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the blood pressure, serum lipid levels and obesity indices according to smoking status, and the effects of smoking cessation on blood pressure, serum lipid and obesity indices. The 2,230 male workers aged 30-59 years were observed the age, smoking status, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, AI, BMI, body fat rate and waist circumference, from April to July, 2011. As a results, the mean score of SBP, DBP, TC, TG and BMI were significantly higher in smoking group than non-smoking group, but HDL-C were significantly lower in smoking group than non-smoking group, the distribution of hypertension was significantly higher in smoking group than non-smoking group. The abnormal levels of TC, TG and HDL-C were significantly higher in smoking group than non-smoking group, and the distribution of obesity was significantly higher in smoking group than non-smoking group. Age adjusted odds ratio(ORs) was significantly increase in smoking group than non-smoking group: hypertension(3.59 times), hypercholesteremia (1.49 times), hyperlipidemia(1.81 times), low HDL-cholesteremia(1.58 times), high level of atherogenic index(1.27 times). Above results suggested that the smoking related with blood pressure and serum lipid levels.

• Korean Public Health Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.51-65
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• 2018

Objective : Smoking can increase the risk of secondary conditions for people with disabilities, which can in turn counteract primary disorders and exacerbate existing disorders. More active interventions for smoking cessation are necessary for people with disabilities because the physical condition of people with disabilities is more vulnerable, and risk factors such as smoking, drinking, obesity, and stress can have a decisive influence on people with disabilities compared to non-disabled people. Methods : In this study, the subjects who participated in National Health and Nutrition Survey of 2013 were those aged over 19 and smoker. The final 299 people with disability and 4,260 people without disability were analyzed. Results : Current smoking rate was 21.5% of non-disabled people and 21.4% of disabled people respectively. Factors influencing the current smoking rate of the disabled people were analyzed by type of household, economic status, home ownership, drinking, binge drinking, activity limit. Conclusions : In order to reduce socioeconomic inequalities of smoking and to actively intervene with the disabled, there need a new approach strategy focusing on people with disabilities.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.1020-1030
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between academic stress, drinking related knowledge, and drinking refusal self-efficacy among nursing students, and to identify the influencing factors nursing students' drinking refusal self-efficacy. Data were collected from September 10, 2023 to October 10, 2023 after receiving informed consent from 187 nursing students enrolled in J University in C Province. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis according to the characteristics of variables using the SPSS/WIN 28.0 program. The results of the study showed that nursing students' drinking refusal self-efficacy was positively correlated with drinking-related knowledge (r=.21, p=.004) and negatively correlated with academic stress (r=-.21, p=.005). The factors affecting the drinking refusal self-efficacy of nursing students were identified as academic stress (𝛽=-.17, p=.016), drinking related knowledge (𝛽=.21, p=.003), and smoking status (𝛽=.19, p=.008), and the regression model was statistically significant (F=8.30, p<.001), with an explanatory power of 11.0%. Based on the above results, it is necessary to prepare a program to reduce academic stress and increase drinking-related knowledge in order to improve the drinking refusal self-efficacy of nursing students. In addition, including smoking cessation strategies for college students in the program can help increase their drinking refusal self-efficacy.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.111-129
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• 2004

This paper develops the argument that the 'Healthy Cities Approach' extends beyond the boundaries of officially designated Healthy Cities and suggests that signs of it are evident much more widely in efforts to promote health in the United Kingdom and in national policy. It draws on examples from Leeds, a major city in the north of England. In particular, it suggests that efforts to improve population health need to focus on the wider determinants and that this requires a collaborative response involving a range of different sectors and the participation of the community. Inequality is recognised as a major issue and the need to identify areas of deprivation and direct resources towards these is emphasised. Childhood poverty is referred to and the importance of breaking cycles of deprivation. The role of the school is seen as important in contributing to health generally and the compatibility between Healthy Cities and Health Promoting Schools is noted. Not only can Health Promoting Schools improve the health of young people themselves they can also develop the skills, awareness and motivation to improve the health of the community. Using child pedestrian injury as an example, the paper argues that problems and their cause should not be conceived narrowly. The Healthy Cities movement has taught us that the response, if it is to be effective, should focus on the wider determinants and be adapted to local circumstances. Instead of simply attempting to change behaviour through traditional health education we need to ensure that the environment is healthy in itself and supports healthy behaviour. To achieve this we need to develop awareness, skills and motivation among policy makers, professionals and the community. The 'New Health' education is proposed as a term to distinguish the type of health education which addresses these issues from more traditional forms.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-56
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• 2001

This study was conducted to analyze the degree of changes in knowledge and attitude toward smoking and to examine the factors affecting knowledge and attitude for smoking after providing a smoking prevention program based on social influence model for a year to middle school students. Study population consists of 665 subjects of middle school students(aged 14 years) in Gumi city in Kyeongsangbukdo Province. Among them three-hundred sixty-seven students(intervention group) were educated to a smoking prevention program for 1 year from April 1999 to April 2000. School-based four-class program to prevent smoking was developed. The program provides instruction about short and long-term negative physiologic and social consequences of smoking and also discussed the health hazards of smoking, social pressure to smoke, peer norms regarding tobacco use, and refusal skill. A 45-item self-administered structured questionnaire was designed to evaluate the change of knowledge, attitude, smoking rate and the amount of smoking. The instrument was comprised of 11 knowledge items, thirteen attitude item and demographic items. Each scales were created by summing responses to each items within each scales and high scores on the knowledge, attitude, and smoking behavioral intention scales indicated positive responses. Based on the changes before and after the implementation of smoking prevention program between intervention and control group, the change of scores on knowledge were significantly different between the control group and the intervention group(p<0.05) and the change of scores on the attitude toward smoking was significantly different between intervention and control group. The change of smoking rate were not showing a significant difference between two groups but the amount of smoking were significantly reduced in intervention group than control group. In multiple regression analysis on changes of knowledge about smoking, the variables of smoking prevention program education, previous knowledge on smoking and students' school performance were selected the significant variables. In multiple regression to analysis of the factors influencing changes in attitude toward smoking, the variables of smoking prevention program education, previous knowledge on smoking were shown to be significant. The smoking prevention program was effective on change of knowledge and attitude of middle school students. In considering that the policy should be needed to extent of implementation of school-based health education curricula based on social influence model and it would contribute to reduce smoking of students.