• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2010

An experimental investigation was carried out to examine the evaporative heat transfer characteristics of R-134a in a micro-channel heat exchanger. The micro-channel heat exchanger used in this study was a sort of plate heat exchanger. Micro-channels were fabricated on the SUS304 plate by the photo-etching process: 13 sheets of plates were stacked and bonded by the diffusion bonding process. The effects of the evaporating temperature, mass flux of R-134a, and inlet temperature of water were examined. As the difference between the inlet temperatures of R-134a and water increased, the heat transfer rate increased. The evaporative heat transfer coefficients obtained in this study range from 0.67 to 6.23 kW/$m^2{\cdot}^{\circ}C$. The experimental correlation for the Nusselt number as a function of the Reynold number and $\Theta$ was suggested for the micro-channel heat exchanger.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.100-107
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• 2021

As a significant technology in the smartization era promoted by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the secondary battery industry has recently attracted significant attention. The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which exhibit excellent performance, is considerably increasing in different industrial fields. During the manufacturing process of LIBs, it is necessary to join the cathode and anode sheets with thicknesses of several tens of micrometers to lead taps of the cathode and anode with thicknesses of several hundreds of micrometers. Ultrasonic welding exhibits excellent bonding when bonded with very thin plates, such as negative and positive electrodes of LIBs, and dissimilar and highly conductive materials. In addition, ultrasonic welding has a small heat-affected zone. In LIBs, Cu is mainly used as the negative electrode sheet, whereas Cu or Ni is used as the negative electrode tab. In this study, one or two electrode sheets (t0.025 mm Cu) were welded to one lead tab (t0.1 mm Cu). The welding energy and pressure were used as welding parameters to determine the welding strength of the interface between two or three welded materials. Finally, the effects of these welding parameters on the welding strength were investigated.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.609-616
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• 2008

Conventional bake-hardenable(BH) steels should be annealed at higher temperatures because of the addition of Ti or/and Nb which forms carbides and raises recrystallization start temperature. In this study, the development of new BH steels without Ti or Nb addition has been reviewed. The new BH steels have nearly same mechanical properties as the conventional BH steels even though it is annealed at lower temperature. The steels also show smaller deviation of the mechanical properties than that of the conventional BH steels because of the conarol of solute carbon content during steel making processes. The deviation of mechanical properties in conventional BH steels is directly dependent on the deviation of solute carbon which is greatly influenced by the amount of the carbide formers in conventional BH steels. Less alloy addition in the newly developed BH steels gives economical benefits. By taking the advantage of sulfur and/or nitrogen which scarenge in Interstitial-Free or conventional BH steels, fine manganese sulfides or nano size copper sulfides were designed to precipitate, and result in refined ferrite grains. Aluminum nitrides used as a precipitation hardening element in the developed steels were also and resull in fine and well dispersed. As a result, the developed steels with less production cost and reduced deviation of mechanical properties are under commercial production. Note that the developed BH steels are registered as a brand name of MAFE(R) and/or MAF-E(R).

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.10
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• pp.605-612
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• 2009

The suitability of twin roll strip casting for Ag-27.5%Cu-20.5%Zn-2.5%Mn-0.5%Ni brazing alloy (known as HS-49D) was examined in the present work and the mechanical properties and microstructure of the strip were also investigated. The effect of annealing heat treatment on the properties was also studied. The new manufacturing process has applications in the production of the brazing alloy. XRD and microstructural analyses of the Ag-27.5%Cu-20.5%Zn-2.5%Mn-0.5%Ni strip revealed a eutectic microstructure of an Ag-rich matrix (FCC) and a Cu-rich phase (FCC) regardless of heat treatment. The results of mechanical tests showed tensile strength of 434 MPa and 80% elongation for the twin roll casted strip. Tensile results showed decreasing strengths and increasing elongation with annealing heat treatment. Microstructural evolution and fractography were also investigated and related to the mechanical properties.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.112-121
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• 2005

본 연구는 2003년부터 2005년까지 2년간 에너지관리공단의 선행연구과제로서 진행되었으며 20 Watt 급 소형 연료전지에 수소를 공급할 수 있는 소형의 마이크로 채널 메탄올 개질장치를 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 개질장치는 개질기 본체, 여기에 반응열을 공급 해주는 촉매 연소기 그리고 연료를 증발시켜 주는 연료증발기의 세부분으로 구성되며 각 반응기의 개발 및 통합을 수행하였다. 반응기는 반응면적을 증가시키기 위하여 폭 $200{\sim}5000{\mu}m$, 필이 $200{\sim}5000{\mu}m$ 규모의 마이크로 채널 유로를 금속 박판을 화학 에칭하여 구현하였으며 이를 수십장 적층하여 전체 반응기를 제작하였다. 마이크로 채널표면에 내부 촉매 지지체를 먼저 코팅한 후 촉매를 코팅하는 방법을 사용하여 담지체 코팅으로 기하학적 표면적 대비 표면적이 10 배 이상 향상되는 우수한 결과를 얻을 수 있었고 촉매의 내구성이 월등히 향상 되었다. 저온 활성 촉매를 사용하여 $350^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 메탄을 전환율 90% 이상을 구현하였다. 실제 운전 후 측정 결과 개질 반응기의 부분별 온도차가 $20^{\circ}C$ 이내로 설계의 우수성을 확인하였다. 촉매 연소기를 이용한 개질 반응열 공급장치를 개발하여 20Watt 급 수소 생산을 위한 개질 반응기에 반응열을 공급하도록 하였다. 이와 함께 촉매 연소기를 이용한 연료 증발열 공급 장치 개발하여 개질기 공급 연료의 90% 이상이 기화되도록 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2010

Miniaturization and lightweight are increasingly the recent trend in the manufacture of electric appliances and machine parts. So technology of micro joining for joining materials is indispensable. This paper gives a description of an experimental study of the ultrasonic welding of metals. In ultrasonic metal welding, high frequency vibrations are combined with pressure to join two materials together quickly and securely, without producing significant amount of heat. Ultrasonic metal welder consists of Transducer, Booster, and Horn that are designed very accurately to get the natural frequencies and vibration mode. In this study, The horn was designed and analyzed the natural frequency by the modal analysis and harmonic analysis. And using a fiber optic sensor, we measured the amplitude and analyzed the Fast Fourier Transformed result. Using the horn, Ultrasonic metal welding between Ni sheet and Ni sheet of 0.1mm thickness was accomplished under the optimal conditions of static pressure 0.15MPa, vibration amplitude 45% and welding time of 0.28s. This result can be used for ultrasonic metal welding in manufacturing industry.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.75-84
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• 1995

In GMA welding of sheet metal, the short circuit metal transfer mdoe is preferred because of its low heat input and capability of bridging the root gap. The molten electrode is transferred to the workpiece during repectitive short circuit in the model. The waveform of welding current or voltage and the frequency of short circuiting are affected by a number of factors including: magnitude of welding current and voltage, root gap, electrode extension, power supply characteristics, and so on. In this study experimental models were proposed, which are able to determine the relationship between the root gap and short circuit frequency and the relationship between the root gap and appropriate welding speed that produces the good quality of back bead without burn through. Using the experimental models, the root gap can be obtained from measuring the short circuit frequency, and then the appropriate weldig speed to the root gap can be determined. Thus a back bead control system was constructed by controlling the welding speed for maintaining the quality of back bead. The developed system has shown the successful capability of back bead control.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.15 no.1 s.82
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• pp.9-14
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• 2006

In the present research, the simultaneous punching of ultra small size hole of $2\~10\;{\mu}m$ in diameter on flat rolled thin metal foils was conducted with elastic polymer punch. Workpiece used in the present investigation were the rolled pure copper of $3{\mu}m$ in thickness and CP titanium of 1.5fm in thickness. The metal foils were punched with the dies and arrays of circular and rectangular holes were made. The process set-up is similar to that of the flexible rubber pad farming or Guerin process. Arrays of holes were punched successfully in one step forming. The punched holes were examined in terms of their dimensions. The effects of the wafer die hole dimension and heat treatment of the workpiece on ultra small size hole formation of the thin foil were discussed. The process condition such as proper die shape, pressure, pressure rate and diameter-thickness ratio (d/t) were also discussed. The results in this paper show that the present method can be successfully applied to the fabrication of ultra small size hole away in a one step operation.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.61-71
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• 1995

Nowadays the thin-walled metal bearing, which is made seperately from the bearing housing and has the ratio of wall thickness/bearing diameter being less than 1/30, are used in many newly developed large-sized slow speed diesel engines for the purpose of upgarding lubication performance and easy maintenance according to the trends of increasing output per cylinder and lowering engine speed. The type of this bearing has been used generally in many small-sized high speed engines applied for automobile, high speed craft and industrial power generation systems since 1950s. But the tranditional thick-walled bearings, whice are linned white metal on the bearing housing directly, have been installed on the large and slow speed engines until 1990s due to the easy manufacturing procedures. In this study we have calculated optimum dimensions of the metal bearing, fabricated special zigs for crush measurement, model test machine, 2 sets of specimens.(crosshead pin bearing, $\phi$818*552*20mm) for B & W 6S70MC(20, 940*88rpm), and evaluated metal constact phenomena of white metal, its friction coefficient, temparature rise through the model test and field performance test.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.87-90
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• 2005

The drawbead is used to control the material flow into the die and increase the forming quality during the binder wrap process and the stamping process in the sheet metal forming. Drawbead restraining force (DBRF) is controlled by geometrical parameters and influenced by process parameters such as friction coefficient and blank thickness. In order to inspect the effect of process parameters, parameter studies are performed with the variation of parameters using finite element model of drawbead which is utilized reliably for the calculation of the drawbead restraining force. Drawbead analysis is carried out with 2-D plane-strain element and 3-D shell element. After the verification of the accuracy of the drawbead model with 3-D shell element, it is utilized to the prediction and the investigation of the effect of process parameters. The result of parameter studies can be utilized to the die design in the tryout stage.