• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.82-92
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• 2020

Modern artworks are constructed using a variety of materials and techniques. Sculptures, which predominantly consist of metals, usually have different shapes and consist of different material mixtures. The structural and material properties of these sculptures are often controlled by conservation treatment methods. However, the application of existing treatment methods is challenging at times, indicating that more diverse treatment materials and techniques are necessary. Therefore, in this study, a treatment method that employs volatile corrosion inhibitor(VCI) powder, rather than an anti-corrosion solution, for the conservation and management of metal artworks was used. VCI powder and VCI films containing VCI powder were used, and the results obtained confirmed that both of them showed anti-corrosion effect. Only a slight change in the chromaticity of metal samples was observed, and compared to the untreated samples, the application of the VCI powder resulted in a decrease in the rate of corrosion by half. Moreover, VCI film tests revealed that comparing to the untreated or polyethylene film-treated samples, VCI film treatment resulted in a decrease in the occurrence of corrosion compounds. The contact angle, surface energy, and surface electrical resistance were measured, and the evaluation of these surface properties established the anti-corrosion effect of VCI. Additionally, direct application of VCI and VCI films on actual sculptures further confirmed the anti-corrosion effect of VCI.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.197-210
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• 2001

There are symbolicity and special meaning in the materials which are supposed to be used metalcraft from ancient to present. These are basical resources of hermeneutics and play a role as moaning elements. Generally, the precious Cold and Silver are mainly to be used with precious stone. But recently, ordinary materials like glass iron aluminum has begun to be used with them. Several artists are intentionally using them, and special skills which could be revealed by only the matherials are developing by them. In these skill, there are original material's texture and character of matter are looking like other matter. Well, special skills are adapted in these matters to magnify the possibility of expression, the originally codified meaning resources are disturbed. For example, The metal craft artist June Schwarcz is using the skills of electroforming, copper foiling, enameling, wire brush patina, fine wires fusing, etc. He is doing abstract forming and making various textures. And his works are very big size, and done by the skills of painting and sculpture. The outer form is very structural, special touches of the artists are heterogeneously mixed with the symbolic abstract expressionism color field. Further, there are mixed with Primitive original life atmosphere, Medieval ornamental aspect, Minimal, and Chaotic aspects. The meaning particles of these aspects are directly/indirectly joined but special skills and basic material languages are mixed together, the originally codified material language are disturbed. These disturbed material languages are becoming optically special effect and be illusion. It is making expressing way of tile metalcraft more fertile and be infinite.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.337-342
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• 2018

This study was started to study the artistic aesthetic value of the antique artwork which is gradually declining in the field of metal crafts. The aesthetic interpretation of the lines and faces that have been identified through previous researches has been defined as a vitality and repetitive beauty. The researchers here have tried to express the formative works which can be repeated and change. As a result, it was found that the object of inquiry which can express the aesthetic beauty felt in the simple change of the line and the face is possible without the advanced technique of the difficult technique or the molding method through the natural and gradual change of the line and the face rather than the regular repetition. Through this study, it was found that the use of future lines and surfaces could be utilized as a variety of aesthetic expression methods as molding elements.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.355-360
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• 2017

This study, which was begun in order to create a metal molding by using lines, a basic element of design, examined various characteristics and concept of line and the beauty of lines based on previous research on the subject. The result showed that formative interpretation of lines largely depends on intentional expression by using thickness and rhythm of lines. In order to obtain a metal molding that provides both visual freedom and beauty, rather than the conventional formative expression of lines, I used red copper plate and Phosphor bronze line for creating a pattern based on transformation and repetition of lines and an artwork based on the pattern. The result was not only a creation of a plane but the senses of three-dimension, speed, and unity in the overall shape. Further research will need to be conducted regarding formative interpretation of lines and emotional and intrinsic beauty through expression of lines.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.155-165
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• 2017

As interest in the public display of art and outdoor sculptures is increasing, the conservation and treatment of these sculptures is becoming increasingly crucial. Long-term exposure to the natural elements and atmospheric pollution can cause corrosion and deterioration in outdoor sculptures. In the case of Kim Chan Shik's "Feeling", which was exhibited in the outdoor sculpture park at the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art (MMCA), the patina of the sculpture was damaged during a long outdoor exhibition. Therefore, the treatment process was as follows: recording of condition, sanding, repatination, and wax coating. Consequently, the sculpture was restored similar to the original. Chemical analysis revealed that the sculpture was crafted from bronze and was cast from a quaternary alloy of Cu-Pb-Sn-Zn. The welding is lower in Zn, Sn, and Pb content than the metal used in the sculpture itself. Bright strains contain about 13.0 wt% Sn and 10.5 wt% Pb. The strains are higher in Sn and Pb content than the rest of the metal in the sculpture (7.0 wt% Sn and 4.4 wt% Pb). As a result of component analysis and microstructure observation, the material is estimated to have been made by casting without artificial treatment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.431-437
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• 2012

In today's modern society, since the Industrial Revolution took place, still lots of goods have been produced in quantity. However, human's instinct has been growing bigger and bigger that he or she wants to possess the works or products of scarcity and aesthetic value of a sculpture handmade by craftsmen, not mass-produced with the same design patterns. Accordingly, it is required that an artist be concerned about the value of figuring out and pursuing an individual's lifestyle, his/her needs and inherent desires. Moreover, by means of visualization technique, an artist should provide the public with several scenarios about the future, letting them choose the one they want democratically. Therefore, with the help of Mokumegane technique, one of the traditional metal crafts techniques, which shows certain organic patterns joining different metals, this research aims for the inheritance of traditional techniques and the objective preparation for high-quality crafts market, studying the patterns expressed on the surface of metals, which are hard to find through machines.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.659-666
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• 2016

Effect of color is to the human in modern society, has become an important element from the mental psychological aspects. Color is to heal the dry emotion directed the feelings and emotions that occur in the message visually the human mind, the environment plays a role that will enhance the value of life in accordance with the color that has been expressed. In this study, the metal jewelry on the sides to eliminate monotonous color expression of the metal using a Ottchil and Porcelaine 150 paint by applying the method of representing, it shows changes in various colors. Chapter and comparative analysis to produce a metal piece of Ottchil and Porcelaine 150 paint. It was derived as a result of the defect. Advantage is a method in combination of this, in comparison with the general method of metal color expression, were able to variously express color effect, since the role of the surface coating, to prevent the vessels discoloration the variable problems can give complemented on. The disadvantage is, Ottchil appears Ottchil up phenomenon by constitution, Porcelaine 150 paint, when used in the dishes in the chemical composition, can be harmful to health. To apply to work in the this reference, trying to contribute to the practicality of implementation and artistry.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

This study started with the design methodology for externally installed metal sculptures. As the scope and meaning of design grows, the concept of design is also used for externally installed sculptures, and there is a demand for a sculpture design that contains the story of the installation environment while being suitable for the surrounding environment. This concept is defined as an environmental sculpture only among formative artists. The concept of environmental sculptures is not fully known and academic research is also insufficiently performed. Therefore, in order to define externally installed sculptures as environmental sculptures, this study elaborated the concept and conditions of good design and the concept and role of environmental sculptures as a theoretical background, and classified the concepts and conditions of good design and the concepts and roles of environmental sculptures. Based on the previous theoretical studies, by utilizing the conditions of good design and the role of environmental sculptures, this study suggested that design development elements were completed as metal environmental sculptures and research works were presented. In conclusion, the design methodology for metal environmental sculptures has been presented, and various environmental sculpture design studies will continue and various paradigms of convergence environmental sculptures will be studied.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2009

신소재(고분자, 금속, 세라믹)는 기존의 재료와는 다른 우수한 특성과 새로운 기능이 있어 우리 인류 복지에 매우 중요하며 우리는 무한대 생존 경쟁에 몰리고 있다. 이 중 무기고분자는 유기고분자의 단점을 보완하는 동시에 새로운 기능성을 가지므로 산업발전에 매우 중요하다. 다양한 무기고분자의 응용분야 중 세라믹 전구체로의 사용은 첨단 산업 분야에 막대한 발전을 초래하였다. 특히 규소를 함유하는 비산화성 세라믹인 탄화규소 (SiC) 및 질화규소 ($Si_3N_4$) 세라믹은 그 산업적 용도가 다양하다. 규소 고분자는 원료 물질이 값싸고 중합 수율이 높아서 경제적이고, 분자 내 Si와 C 또는 N의 비율을 자유자제로 조정할 수가 있고, 용융성 또는 용해성이 있으므로 성형가공이 가능하며, 세라믹 잔여 수율을 증대시키기 위해서 여러 화학반응에 의해 가교도 시킬 수가 있다. 열분해 조건에 따라서 SiC와 $Si_3N_4$ 등 선택의 조절이 쉬우며, 금속과 섞어서 열분해 함으로서 세멧도 제조할 수가 있다. 이런 종류의 연구는 신소재의 총아인 금속, 고분자, 세라믹 연구들이 함께 어우러진 종합 작품이라 할 수 있겠다. 여러 유형의 유기규소 고분자들을 다양하게 합성해서 그 열분해 과정을 좀 더 면밀히 연구한다면 산업적 응용 가능성은 매우 크리라 기대된다.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.6
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• pp.226-248
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• 2004

The researcher has tried to develop the aesthetic value of the art and the function of metalwork in conjunction with our daily life. especially has been eager to develop the new possibility of metal urns through the investigation of ordinary metalwork. Funeral urns are vessels to fill the ashes of bodies. As the social issues, including problems of restricted land territory and environmental pollution are awakening, many people are much concerned about the use of urns in recent days. Although social concerns about cremation and urns are getting high, most urns in Korea have been made of ceramic and stone. The shape of old urns are pot style with lids, and their color is simple white or jade green. Moreover, old urns are expensive, unpractical, simple, and furthermore, the feature of urns has not preserved the sense of beauty. In this context, we have narrow choices to select urns, and it has been difficult for us to be familiar with the old-style urns. Therefore, the need for developing metal urns are necessary as the increase of public concerns towards cremation is widely spreading. As it is well known, metal is not only regarded as hard, antibacterial, pro-environmental material , but also regarded as good substance for urns. Metal is also suitable for making urns because of metal's characteristics of easy processing, mass production, and cheap price. The researcher has been tried to find the possibility of art of metalwork through the dissemination of metal urns to the public. The researcher has also attempted to represent the characteristics and symbolic implications of contemporary metal urns for ordinary people to adopt metal urns as their 'Rite Haven'.