• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1470-1474
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• 2008

This study was performed to examine the anti-metastatic effect of ethanol extract of Samguikoeui-Tang (SGKE), a formula consisting of four oriental herbs, in highly-metastatic HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. SGKE significantly inhibited the adhesion of HT1080 cells to matrigel at nontoxic concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, while it did not exert cytotoxicity against HT1080 cells up to the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g$/ml. Also, SGKE depressed the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by gelatin zymography. However, SGKE did not affect the mRNA expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2, an inhibitor of MMP-2, by RT-PCR analysis. In addition, the effect of SGKE on HT1080 cell invasion was determined using Boyden chamber assay. SGKE suppressed the invasion of HT1080 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that SGKE has an anti-metastatic effect via inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 activities.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.974-979
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• 2009

Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC) is one of the key features in onset of atherosclerosis and restenosis after vascular surgery such as stent implant. Atherosclerotic plaques are usually composed of collagen, elatsin and smooth muscle cells. Release of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) is considered to have correlation with development of atherosclerotic plaques. Based on the hypothesis that MMP inhibition would be helpful in the treatment of atherosclerosis, we investigated inhibition of MMP activity and migration of TNF-$\alpha$-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell(HASMC) by Cinnamomi Ramulus(CC). The result from gelatin zymography showed that CC inhibited MMP-9 activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, CC considerably inhibited the migration of HASMC induced by TNF-$\alpha$, while it showed little cytotoxic effect on HASMC. These results suggest that CC can be a potential anti-atherosclerotic agent through inhibition of MMP-9 activity and SMC migration.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 1988

For the purpose of producing low salt fermented anchovy by accelerated method with a strong proteolytic bacteria, in this study, a strong proteolytic bacterium was isolated from low salt fermented anchovy and its bacteriological characteristics and properties of protease were experimented. The results obtained were as fellows : three proteolytic bacteria, Aeromonas anaerogenes Barillus subtilis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were isolated from low salt fermented anchovy($4\%\;of\;salt,\;4\%\;of\;KCl,\;0.5\%\;of\;lactic\;acid,\;6\%$of sorbitol and $4\%$ of alcohol extract of red pepper) after 40 days fermentation. Among these strains, which grow best at $30^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0, B. subtilis was found the best proteolytic strain and benefit for industrial use as shown $0.95\;hr^{-1}$ of specific growth rate, $89{\mu}g-Tyr/hr.ml$ of maximum activity after 12 hrs culture in TPY broth. The protease produced by by B. subtilis showed maximum activity at $35^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0, and molecular weight was estimated to be 23,000 by Sephadex G-100 filtration, and it was supposed to be a kind of metal chelator sensitive neutral protease from the results of strong sensitivity against EDTA, o-phenanthroline and metal ions such as $Cu^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Fe^{2+}.Km$ value of that by method of Lineweaver-Burk was determinded to be $0.73\%$ for casein as a substrate.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.372-384
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to monitor the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) by human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts stimulated with Prevotella nigrescens lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to examine the effect of calcium hydroxide treatment on P. nigrescens LPS. LPS was extracted and purified from anaerobically cultured P. nigrescens. PDL fibroblasts were stimulated by the LPS (0, 0.1, 1, 10 ${\mu}g/ml$) or LPS (10 ${\mu}g/ml$) pretreated with 12.5 mg/ml of $Ca(OH)_2$ for 3 days, for various periods of time (12, 24, 48 h). Immunoprecipitation were performed for protein level analysis of MMP-1 MMP-2 and TIMP-1. Total RNA was isolated and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for quantification of MMP-1 mRNA. According to this study, the results were as follows: 1. The p개duction of MMP-1 by stimulation with P. nigrescens LPS increased in time-dependent manner, and showed maximum value at 48 h in both protein and mRNA level. But there was no dose-dependent increas. 2. MMP-2 production time-dependently increased when stimulated with 1 and 10 ${\mu}g/ml$LPS, but there was no dose-dependent increase. 3. TIMP-1 p개duction increased to 24 h, but decreased at 48 h. It increased when stimulated with 0.1 and 1${\mu}g/ml$, but suppressed at 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ .4. P. nigrescens LPS pretreated with $Ca(OH)_2$ markedly downregulated MMP-1 gene expression.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.602-606
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• 2010

Type 2 diabetes is a typical polygenic disease complex, for which several common risk alleles have been identified. Proteins in the matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) family are involved in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes such as embryonic development, reproduction and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes. Therefore, we investigated the genotype for the A(-267)G, A658G and T813C polymorphisms in the MMP3 gene in the Korean population and compared genotypes of patients with those of the control group. 200 patients (male 108, female 92), who had previously been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and 100 control subjects (male 36, female 64) participated in this study. There was a strong association between A(-267)G and A658G polymorphism in the MMP3 gene and T2DM. The present study shows that MMP3 polymorphisms (A(-267)G and A658G) may be associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM. Further studies with a larger population may be needed for the development of diagnostic methods at a genetic level, such as DNA chip.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.239-245
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• 1992

Buci1llr.s 11c~h~n~1rnSiSi.As 3-2MI which is responsible for the special taste of traditionalKorean soy sause produced two kinds of proteinase. The activity of the proteinasc I washigher about two fold than that of proteinase 11. The optimai, reaction pH of proteinaseI and I1 wcre found to be 7-1 1.5 and 7-9. respectively. Proteinase I1 was more stable andactive than proteinase I at pH ranges around 3 to 5. The optimal te~tlperature of proteinaseI and I1 were 502. The temperature stabilitl of proteinase I1 was Inore stable thanproteinase 1 at temperature range around 30-quot;~A. ctivities of proteinase I and I1 graduallydeclined above $30^{\circ}$C and 45C. respectively. Proteinasc 1 was more active than proteinaseI1 at salt concentration range around 25-3500. The K,,, values of casein and soy proteinfor proteinase I were 6.89 mglml and 3.98 mglml. In case of proteinase 11. they were 9.00mgiml anti 11.44 111g/ml. respectively. The activity of the crudc enzyme was increased by1 rnM Pb(CH3COO). but was decreased by 5 n1M and 10 rnM of HgS04 and ZnS04. Thetwo proteinases produced amino acids and peptides from the soybean protein. The peptideswere digested into amino acids. Both protcinases were found to be the main enzymes thatproduced amino acids which make the main taste of traditional Korean soy sauce.al Korean soy sauce.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.76
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• pp.442-446
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• 2006

Cedrela sinensis is a broadleaf tree that is widely cultivated in Korea and China. It was used for treating enteritis, dysentery, and skin itch in oriental medicine. In this study, three major flavonoids, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (1), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (2), and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (3), were isolated from the leaf of Cedrela sinensis. The biological activities of these compounds were tested by inhibitory activity of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (Type IV collagenase) method together with a cytotoxicity and a apoptosis test against human cancer cell lines.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.200-211
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• 1999

The periapical response to injury is a complex interaction of inflammatory, immune, neural, vascular and synthetic activity. TGF-${\beta}$ is a potent modulator of proliferation and differentiation in various tissue, seems to lead to an increase in extracellular matrix. MMP are a family of proteolytic enzyme that mediate the degradation of extracellular matric macromolecules, but little is known about theirs possible role in periapical tissue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differential expression of TGF-${\beta}$ and MMP-1 in tooth follicle, periapical abscess, granuloma and cyst. The expression of TGF-${\beta}$ and MMP-1 in Periapical tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. Correlationship among the periapical lesions were stastically analyzed. The degree of MMP-1 expression in periapical abscess was higher than in any other periapical lesion, and stastically significant. TGF-${\beta}$ expression is the prominent in granuloma than other periapical lesion, which was stastically significant. The increased expression of MMP and TGF-${\beta}$ was not co-related with inflammatory cell infiltration degree of the periapical cyst. The expression degree of MMP and TGF-${\beta}$ was not co-related with periapical abscess and cyst, but expression of MMP and TGF-${\beta}$ showed strong positive co-relationship with periapical granuloma, which was stastically significant. TGF-${\beta}$ expression by Western blot analysis was prominent in granuloma and cyst, and similar to the results by imunohistochemistry. MMP-1 expression is less than TGF-${\beta}$, but there is not extreme difference between periapical lesion. These results suggest that TGF-${\beta}$ and MMP may be involved in tissue remodeling and has an important role in progress or mediation of periapical lesions.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

Background: Intraarticular local anesthetic injection has been therapeutically applied for pain control in various arthritis patients. However, little physiologic effects of local anesthetics on their tissue were known. This study was conducted to determine its effects on the cell proliferation and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) production of cultured fibroblast like synoviocytes (FLS) derived from synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Methods: Bupivacaine with varying concentrations 0 (control), 0.1, 0.25, 0.5% was applied to experimental cell groups growing as monolayers in culture plates for varying durations 0 (control), 30, 90, 180 seconds in the presence and absence of interleukin-$1\beta$. Results: No statistical significances were noted in thymidine incorporation between 0, 30, 90 and 180 seconds exposure groups with 0.5% bupivacaine after 1 day and 2 days. Thymidine incorporation between 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5% exposure groups 1 day and 2 days after 90 seconds exposure did not show any differences. After exposure to bupivacaine, there were statistically significant increases in MMP-1 (p=0.025) and MMP-3 productions (p=0.000) of FLS in the absence of IL-$1\beta$, but no differences among the groups in the presence of IL-$1\beta$. Conclusion: We concluded that in this short-term in vitro study, bupivacaine does not have injurious effect on cultured rheumatoid arthritic joint tissues. The long-term effect cannot be known from this investigation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.1 s.246
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• pp.38-43
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• 2005

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is a class of proteolytic enzymes that digest collagen type IV and other components of the basement membrane. It plays a key role in the local invasion and the formation of distant metastases by various malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of MMP-2 and its significance as a prognostic marker in resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and Method: In this study we obtained fresh-frozen samples of tumor and non-tumor tissues from 34 patients with stage I NSCLC who underwent resection without preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. After the extraction of total protein from tissue samples, MMP-2 activities were assessed by gelatin-substrate-zymography. The activities were divided into the higher or lower groups. Result: The MMP-2 activities were higher in tumor tissues than in non-tumor tissues. The MMP-2 activity of non-tumor tissues in recurrent group was higher than in non-recurrent group (p<0.01). Also the patients with higher MMP-2 activity of non-tumor tissues showed poor 5 year survival (p<0.01). Conclusion: This result indicates that the higher level of MMP-2 activity in the non-tumor tissue is associated with the recurrence and survival after the resection of stage I NSCLC. Therefore, MMP-2 activity in the non-tumor tissue could be used as a potential prognostic marker for the resected stage I-NSCLC.