• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.16
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• pp.46-55
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• 2015

This study examines the ratio of alloy components of six gold crowns discovered in six Silla tombs; Gyo-dong, the north tomb of Hwangnamdaechong, Geumgwanchong, Cheonmachong, Geumnyeongchong and Seobongchong. Concretely, the study looks at whether and how crowns from these various tombs differ in terms of the ratio of alloy components. The analysis of the six Silla crowns found that all of them were made of gold and silver alloy. When comparing the ratio of alloy components in crowns and type of crowns, the Gyo-dong crown which is the oldest of them showed the highest content of gold. Crowns from Hwangnamdaechong and Geumgwanchong in the middle to late 5th century, showed a similar content of gold. Gold content of crowns from the late 5th century to early 6th century tombs decreased in order Cheonmachong, Geumnyeongchong and Seobongchong, thus it confirmed that the older the tomb, the higher its gold content.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.12
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• pp.35-45
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• 2011

To keep relics excavated in the era of the Japanese Colonist's rule in the Korean Peninsula in order, the National Museum of Korea selected some of horse strap pendants (Haengyeob) that were excavated from Seobongchong, Sikrichong and Geumryeongchong, and it investigated conservation and production technique. The horse strap pendants selected were classified into three, that is to say, Oval and fish-tail shape, heart shape and atypical: At the results of microscopic observation, XRF and SEM-EDS analysis, base plate was made of iron, and top plate as well as pattern plate was made of iron, copper and silver. Both Oval and fish-tail shape and heart shape horse strap pendants had horse strap pendants having same production technique and sizes at all of three ancient tombs were made of iron and copper. The gold layer of horse strap pendants except the atypical one having no gold layer were made by amalgam gilding.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2016

The gilt-bronze decorated bamboo mudguards with heavenly horse design excavated in 1973 at Cheonma Tomb of Shilla are the unprecedented relics in Korean history as it has its original structure. Although the bamboo mudguards were excavated in not only Cheonma Tomb, but also in Geumgwanchong and Geumryeongchong, all of them remains into pieces. In addition, there are no exact data related with its structure and manufacturing technique. The report deals with the manufacturing technique of the bamboo mudguards with heavenly horse design excavated in Cheonma Tomb through the naked eye's observation, X-Ray Fluorescence, and Transmission X-rays analysis etc. Bamboo mudguards basically have the three divided structure with central-focus structure of a radiation style. And the mudguards consists of Bratticing gilt-bronze, fabric, and bamboo plates together, as ornamental fringe of 4 plates. The surface of the gilt bronze plates was decorated with a variety of workmanship and pendant. Bamboo plates have a waved pattern by using about three hundred bamboo bark. Two types of textiles were mainly found in the textile plates, and the leather were partially found. In order to combine all plates together, gilt-bronze bottonhead, pendant decoration, and ornamental fringe were used. It would be helpful to study bamboo mudguards during 5th-6th centuries in Shilla period and basis investigations of Geumgwanchong and Geumryeongchong excavations.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.30
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• pp.89-100
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• 2023

Museum collections are comprised of a variety of materials, and different scientific examinations are being conducted according to the types and production properties of the materials, but insufficient research has been carried out on ultra-small artifacts. To identify the material characteristics of the white ultra-small materials excavated from Geumnyeongchong tomb, this study carried out a wide range of non-destructive analyses (specific gravity, microscopy, nano-computed tomography (Nano-CT), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy) and compared the said artifacts with the Goryeo-era burial accessories examined in prior research. Non-destructive analysis confirmed the presence of aragonite, which mainly consists of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) as the constituent mineral, and identified the material used for the ornaments as the gemstone pearl based on its growth lines. This study concludes that pearls began to be used in the ancient Korean Peninsula in the 6^th century. It is expected that scientific examinations of the white ultra-small artifacts will yield information about the social culture of the time.

• Journal of the International Relations & Interdisciplinary Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.51-75
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• 2023

Relying on disciplinary competitions to enhance college students' innovation and entrepreneurship is one of the specific paths to explore the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities. This paper conducts an empirical study on the practice of disciplinary competitions among Chinese university students, the problems of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Chinese universities and the impact of disciplinary competitions on innovation and entrepreneurship among Chinese university students, using university students in Chinese universities as the respondents. The data collected online and offline were analysed using SPSS26 statistical software. The results of the analysis show that Chinese university students show a high level of interest in innovation and entrepreneurship competitions and that there are some differences in the level of interest in innovation and entrepreneurship competitions among university students of different academic levels. More than half of Chinese university students have participated in innovation and entrepreneurship competitions and the initiative of participating in innovation and entrepreneurship competitions varies by grade. The biggest problem facing innovation and entrepreneurship education in schools is the lack of professional innovation and entrepreneurship teachers, followed by the lack of guidance on innovation and entrepreneurship-related policies, and the unreasonable reward system, which makes teachers and students less motivated to innovate and entrepreneurship. Through one-dimensional linear regression analysis, it is found that the degree of attention to innovation and entrepreneurship among college students affects college students' entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial practice; the degree of initiative of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship competition affects college students' entrepreneurial effect; and the degree of initiative of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship competition affects college students' entrepreneurial practice.