• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.549-554
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• 2007

In this paper, the luminance and resistance from different electrode materials of external electrode fluorescent lamp are measured and analyzed. New materials and process technology of external electrode are very important for the developed characteristics in lamp fabrication. This experiment, three different types for the forming of external electrode are Cu and Al taping, silver paste, Ni and Cu electrode-less plating methods. In the measurement of luminance, the results of brightness by Ni and Au plating methods for the external electrode on lamp glass are presented and also compared with the results by the methods using different electrode materials. The measured resistance values of Ni and Au plating process showed a little bit higher than that of silver paste process in spite of developed results of brightness. The Ni and Ni/Au plating processes are demonstrated best results and also showed a little bit different brightness due to different previous surface etching treatments.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• 제13권
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

So-hwan earring(small hoop earing) is orbicular earring that have only main hoop. In this study, So-hwan earring from Baekje tombs are analyzed scientifically and those is attempted to find the correlation between scientific results and historical constituent. Six earrings were excavated from Habjung-ri sites in Buyeo and formative features and material characteristics of them were analyzed by microscope and XRF. As a results, various toreutics about producing gold silver alloy, pressure welding and amalgam plating that existed in Baekje from Ungjin period to Sabi period.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2016

Characteristics of the conventional gold (Au) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip, bi-metallic(Au/silver (Ag)) SPR chip, and tri-metallic(Au/Ag/Au) SPR chip were investigated and compared in the intensity measurement mode for the enhancement of SPR image sensor reactivity. Reflectance curves of the Au, bi- and tri-metallic SPR chips were acquired in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution and were compared. The line width of the reflectance curve of the bi-metallic chip was the narrowest among the three different types of the chips. Also, the tangential slope of the bi-metallic chip was steeper than those of the other chips. Various concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were utilized in the SPR experiment. As a result, among the above three chips reflectance variation value of the bi-metallic chip was the largest.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the sintering characteristics of gold and silver nanoparticles. In this study, gold and silver nanoparticles were prepared by using Inert Gas Cndensation (IGC). The sintering temperatures for gold and silver nanoparticles were $100{\sim}1000^{\circ}C\;and\'100{\sim}500^{\circ}C$, respectively. The sintering characteristics of gold and silver nanoparticles prepared by IGC were evaluated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gold and silver nanoparticles with the size of $1{\sim}100\;nm\;and\;10{\sim}100\;nm$, respectively, were obtained. The size of sintered gold and silver nanoparticles increased with an increase in the sintering temperature. XRD data showed that silver nanoparticles were similar with polycrystal single-phase.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.423-428
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• 2015

A bimetallic chip made of gold and silver was investigated in intensity interrogation mode to confirm enhancement of the SPR sensor resolution. Both reflectance curves of the bimetallic chip and the conventional gold chip was acquired and compared. The line width of the reflectance curve of the bimetallic chip was narrower than that of the conventional Au chip, resulting in steeper tangential slope. The reflectance was monitored at the angle related to the steepest tangential slope. The change in reflectance of the bimetallic chip was larger than that of the Au chip. The critical angle was analyzed by differentiating the reflectance with respect to incident angle twice. Acquiring the critical angle regarding to the sample informs the refractive index of the sample. Using various concentration of Bovine Serum Albumin, we confirmed that refractive index was linearly related to variation of reflectance of the bimetallic chip.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2003

In this paper the characteristics of the script centers golden and/or silver letter center in Koryo Dynasty and a set of seven rolls of the script written in silver letter on blue paper prayed by Yearn Seong-Ik were studied with focusing on the referred records and an epilog of the script. This script was discovered from Namgewon's stone stupa, when it was transported from original site of Daekam Dong, Kaiseong city to Kyungbok Palace in 1919. This script prayed by Yeom Seong-Ik which was written in silver paste on blue papers is a set of seven rolls, the size is 31.1 cm (length) ${\times}$ 27.2 cm (width). The cover painting and Beonsangwha(Buddha's preaching picture) were painted out and in the roll cover. This script was written with 14 letters on a line whose characteristic with the style of cover painting and Beonsangwha is similar to the golden and silver scripts prayed by kings of Koryo Dynasty. The person who prayed this script was a powerful vassal of the king Chungyeol period, Yeom Seong-Ik. According to Koryosa(Koryo History) and Koryosa jeolyo(summarized Koryo History), it is described that Yeom Seong-Ik offered his own house which was built by a group of strangers as a 'Writing Place for the complete collection of Buddhist Sutras and the place of the script of the complete collection of Buddhist Sutras. Therefore, it is possible to consider that this script a set of seven rolls of the script of Saddharma Pundarika-Sutra was written to pray for himself as well as his families' fortune at the place of golden script of the complete collection of Buddhist Sutras, and enshrined it in the Namgaewon stone stupa when the stupa was repaired in 9th year of king ChungYeol. Above all the most important point should be centered on that he offered his house as a writing place for golden script of the complete collection of Buddhist Sutras as recorded in Koryosa Jeolyo. The writing place for golden script of the complete collection of Buddhist Sutras should be emphasized on the meaning of its site. It is an important key point to clear that Kumjawon(Golden letter center) would be different from Kumjadejangso(the writing place of golden script for complete collection of Budihist Sutras) with Kumkyungsa(Goldm script place). As considereing the point that this script showed the characteristics of golden and/or silver scripts which prayed by king Chungyeol in Koryo Dynasty as they were, even though this script was manufactured by individual praying, this script follwed in the style of Kumjawon(golden letter center) and/or Unjawon(siIver letter center) as they were, because this script was written in the place of the golden script for the complete collection of Buddhist Sutras. In this paper all of the points described above with focusing on the referred records and an epilog of this script were collectively considered to make clear the characteristics of the script centers, golden and/or silver letter.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.61-81
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• 1988

우리나라 택시산업(産業)에 대한 정부규제(政府規制)는 크게 보아 요금규제(料金規制), 면허규제(免許規制) 그리고 서비스관련규제(關聯規制)로 나눌 수 있다. 정부규제에 의한 문제점으로서는 요금규제(料金規制)에 의한 초과수요(超過需要)의 존재와 제한적인 면허발급제도(免許發給制度)에 의해 발생한 면허에 대한 프리미엄과 이의 배분을 둘러싼 여러가지 비효율(非效率)과 형평(衡平)의 문제(問題)라고 할 수 있다. 우리나라 택시산업(産業)은 비호출방식(非呼出方式)의 노상유객(路上誘客)을 주로 하는 소위 순항식(巡航式)(cruising)시장(市場)이기 때문에 자유경쟁(自由競爭)의 상태에서는 시장정보전달(市場情報傳達)의 불완전성(不完全性)으로 인한 시장실패(市場失敗)의 가능성(可能性)이 존재한다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 이것을 보정(補正)하기 위한 가격규제(價格規制)의 필요성(必要性)은 인정할 수 있으나, 정부에 의한 제한적인 사업면허(事業免許)의 발급(發給)과, 임의적인 증차결정(增車決定) 및 배분방식(配分方式)은 그 정당성(正當性)이 의문시된다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 장기적(長期的)으로 택시에 대한 면허제(免許制)는 폐지되어야 할 것이다. 그러나 택시증차(增車)의 문제는 도시교통혼잡의 문제와 관련이 있으므로, 중(中) 단기적(短期的)으로는 현행의 직접규제방식(直接規制方式)을 개선하여 일정한 자격을 갖춘 출원자(出願者)에게는 일정금액의 공탁금(供託金)만 납부하면 의무적으로 면허를 내어주는 간접규제방식(間接規制方式)으로의 전환을 고려해야 할 것이다. 또한, 태당(台當) 1일(日) 승객회전률(乘客回轉率)의 증가를 통한 승차난완화(乘車難緩和)를 위해 현행(現行) 요금체계(料金體系)를 개선해야 할 것이다.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1995

Lithium Fluoride (LiF; TLD-100) crystal chips are normally used as thermolu minescence dosimeters (abbreviated as NC-100) for estimating the absorbed dose to the skin of a patient or in a solid water phantom undergoing radiotherapy with megavoltage photon (6 and 15MV) beams. In general, investigation has revealed a reduction in the sensitivity of NC-100 chips after many runs through heating cycles. A TLD-100 chip laminated with gold plate (140${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) on the upper surface layer of its face toward the photon beam (abbreviated as GC-100) has properties different from that of a NC-100 chip activated by incident photons and contaminant electrons with various lower energies coming from the gantry head and air. Activation of the valence band electrons of GC-100 chips by incident photons, positrons and electrons-which come from the gold plate by mainly pair production process and partly from Compton scattering-results in more enhanced signal intensity, higher response per monitor unit, as well as a good linearity with monitor units and independence of dose rate. Since the electron beams (6 and 15 MeV) do not have the probability of pair production process with gold plate, there is only a small difference (about a 3.3％ increase for 15 MeV) in the signal gaps in the TL readout for electron beams between GC- and NC-100 chips. The 3.3％ increase is entirely due to the buildup caused by the 140 m gold plate. The sensitivity of GC-100 chips is much more susceptible to high energy photon beams than electron one because of pair production. The interaction of high energy photon with a material of high atomic number, such as the good plate in this case, results in a considerably significant probability of pair production. The gold plate on the NC-100 chips acts as not only an intensifier of their signals but also acts as a filter of contaminant electrons in therapeutic high energy X-ray beams.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.195-214
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• 2009

The Mangi yoram("萬機要覽"), a guidebook of state affairs, was published by royal command in the late Joseon period. Its chapters on financial affairs(財用篇) are particularly remarkable, as they explain on all aspects of the national finance of the late Joseon period in a clear manner. The financial part of the Mangi yoram includes metallic mineral resources, such as the location of gold, silver, copper, lead deposits and the prosperity and decline of the mines, and the various uses of each of the minerals. These are still regarded as valuable resources. Its contents on agricultural geography comprise not only the total yearly output of grains, paddyfields and dryfields, their taxation and standards of taxation, but also ginseng which was famous in the outside world in the pre-modern era. The book also clearly explains distribution of agricultural dikes for irrigation and their functions. The book also contains information on forestry geography, e.g. the varieties of pine trees and their distribution and mountain containment policies. Contents related to commercial geography consist of material on different types of markets such as the yukuijeon(六矣廛), sijeon(市廛), peongsisuh(平市署), nanjeon(亂廛), and the distribution, size and prosperity and decline of the border markets of the northern frontier such as the hoeryungkaesi(會寧開市) and geongwonkaesi(慶源開市). Contents related to transport geography are the distribution and functions of government granaries etc. Obviously, this book contains detailed information on various aspects of Korean geography. If we try to understand the contents of this book from the framework of modern geographical classification schemes, the geographic information contained in the book assumes even greater significance. In sum one may conclude that this book, which the king kept by his side, contained useful geography related knowledge and necessary information, and was directly relevant to the administration of the country. It exerted immense influence on the contemporary intellectual world of Joseon Korea, and was regarded as an invaluable resource.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.531-547
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• 2013

Multiple life models are useful in multiple life insurance and multiple life annuities when the payment times of benets in these insurance products are contingent on the future life times of at least two people. A reverse mortgage is an annuity whose monthly payments terminate at the death time of the last survivor; however, actuaries have used female life table to calculate monthly payments of a reverse mortgage. This approach may overestimate monthly payments. This paper suggests a last-survivor life table rather than a female life table to avoid the overestimation of monthly payments. Next, this paper derives the distribution of the future life time of last survivor, and calculates the expected life times of male, female and last survivor. This paper calculates principal limits and monthly payments in cases of male life table, female life table and last-survivor life table, respectively. Some numerical examples are discussed.