• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1081-1082
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• 2003

교육인적자원부에서는 학교급식의 안전성 확보를 위하여 1999년에 특별정책 연구를 실시하여 학교급식 HACCP 일반모델을 개발 보급하고 2001년부터는 규모가 큰 학교에서 조리실이 설치된 모든 급식학교로 점진적으로 적용을 확대하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 학교급식에서 식중독 사고는 증가 추세에 있으므로 학교급식에서의 HACCP 시스템을 재진단하고 수행도가 낮은 중점관리점의 문제점을 짚어내는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대전지역의 초, 중, 고등학교 영양사 153명을 대상으로 위생관리 직무 수행도와 HACCP의 일부 CCP (중점관리점)수행도, HACCP에 대한 인지도, 급식시설현황 등에 대하여 조사하고 변인간의 관련성을 분석하였다. 조사 대상자는 초등학교 영양사 56.5%, 중학교 영양사 25.5%, 고등학교 영양사 17.6%이었으며 4년제 대학 졸업자가 51.0%로 가장 많았고 연령은 30-34세가 36.6%, 35-40세가 21.6%로 30대가 대부분이었다. 근무경력은 평균 5.8년이었으며 영양사 1인당 담당하는 평균 학생수는 1,163명, 조리종사원 1인당 배식 아동수는 평균 124명이었다. 배식방법은 교실배식이 56.2%, 식당배식 34.6%, 교실과 식당의 혼합형태가 9.2%로 교실배식이 차지하는 비율이 많았고 직영급식이 90.2%로 대부분을 차지하였다. 위생관리 영역의 수행도는 개인위생관리 부문이 가장 높았고 기기설비 위생관리, 저장관리, 교차오염관리, 시간관리, 온도관리 순으로 나타났으며, 특히 온도관리 수행도는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 식당배식을 실시하는 학교의 온도관리 수행도가 다른 그룹에 비해 높았고 직영급식의 시간관리수행도가 위탁급식 보다 높았다. 영양사의 연령과 근무경력이 증가할수록 모든 위생관리영역에서 수행도가 높아지는 경향을 보였다. CCP별 수행정도 평가에서는 ‘운반 및 배식과정(CCP7)’이 가장 높은 수행도를 나타냈고 그 다음으로는 ‘검수’, ‘식품취급 및 조리과정’, ‘식품접촉 표면 세척 및 소독과정’, ‘식단의 구성’, ‘생채소 및 과일의 소독’, ‘잠재적으로 위험한 식단의 관리’ 순으로 나타났다. ‘운반 및 배식과정의 수행도’는 식당배식이 유의적으로 높은 점수를 보였고 CCP8(식품접촉표면의 세척 및 소독)를 제외한 모든 영역에서 직영급식이 위탁급식에 비해 높은 유의성을 나타내었다. 또한 근무경력과 연령이 많을수록 모든 CCP영역에서 높은 수행도를 보였다. CCP1과 CCP2의 수행도가 낮은 주된 이유로 ‘CCP1과 CCP2의 관리기준이 이해하기 어렵다’이었다. 학교 급식관리 영양사의 HACCP시스템에 대한 지식 및 이해 정도를 조사한 결과 HACCP 인지도 점수의 평균은 총 100점 만점에 전체 평균 점수는 74.9점이었다 CCP별 점수분포는 CCP7의 인지도 점수가 가장 높았고 CCP6, CCP1, CCP5, CCP3, CCP8, CCP2의 순으로 절차 낮아졌다. 정규직의 HACCP인지도 점수가 위탁직 보다 높았으며 근무경력에서도 경력이 3년 미만인 경우가 가장 낮고 8년 이상인 경우가 가장 높은 점수를 보였다. 급식시설면은 보온보냉시설을 갖춘 학교가 온도관리 부문에서 갖추지 않은 학교보다 높은 수행도를 나타냈고, 전처리실과 손 소독기가 있는 학교는 교차오염관리 부문에서 높은 수행도를 보였다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1142-1154
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• 2009

The brand new type of mobile terminal services are kept being introduced in accordance with the development of mobile communication technology. Among many kinds of mobile application services, the PoC application standard which is using instant messaging service and group calls method with the existing walkie-talkie technology has been finished as the version 1.0 after tremendously active discussion and is being continued to be confirmed as 2.0 and 2.1. The PoC Box, which is discussed for replacing the PoC client and intermediate object as a voice messaging box, is currently being introduced and the biggest issues for PoC Box technology topics include the part of saved informations' processing and effective multimedia contents' transmission in the PoC Box system. In this research, we propose that the PaC client could effectively transmit the media to the end-user by specifying the playback location or range, focusing on the contents and the methods of dynamic controlling for saved media in PoC Box. This paper deals with the way of dynamic controlling method using the RTSP which is appropriate for PoC Box and the effective method for generation, expression, processing of various multimedia contents including audio and video objects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the diuretic effects of Erythritol (ET) salt on urinary electrolyte excretion in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Methods: Animals were divided into two groups: Salt group (n = 7) and Salt + ET fed group (n = 7). Animals were provided food and water ad libitum. Supplements were administered orally to animals for one week. Results: Body weights were not statistically different between groups either on Day 1 or Day 7. However, water consumption of the Salt + ET group was significantly higher than that of the Salt group on Day 1 and Day 7. Urine volume of the Salt + ET group was approximately 27% and 38% higher than that of the Salt group on Day 1 and Day 7. In addition, we found that the total amounts of urinary electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, of the Salt + ET group were significantly higher than those of the Salt group on Day 7. We also found that serum electrolyte concentrations did not differ between two groups. These results demonstrated that salt intake with ET was effective in increasing urinary electrolyte excretion, which might be caused by higher water intake and diuretic effect inhibiting reabsorption of water, sodium, and potassium in renal tubules. Conclusion: The results suggest that short-term supplementation of ET salt can be a potential diuretic agent by inhibiting sodium and potassium reabsorption and inducing loss of water.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.1122-1128
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• 2018

Purpose: To compare the measurements of the rebound tonometer (RT), Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and noncontact tonometer (NCT) in patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), and to evaluate the reproducibility of the RT measurements. Methods: This study included 19 PKP eyes and 28 normal eyes. We compared the intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements of the GAT and NCT with the RT in both groups using Spearman's correlation analysis and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The IOP, as measured with an RT in each group, was assessed with respect to reproducibility using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: In normal eyes, there was no significant difference in the measurements obtained with the RT, GAT, and NCT (p > 0.050). In the patient group, the RT measurements were not significantly different from those of the GAT (p = 0.872), but they were significantly lower than those obtained with the NCT (p = 0.011). However, the RT measurements showed a relatively high correlation with those of the GAT and NCT (r = 0.770 and 0.879, respectively). The ICC of the RT was 0.986 for the PKP eye group and 0.961 for the normal eye group, both of which were highly reproducible. Conclusions: In PKP eyes, the measurements obtained with the RT showed a relatively high correlation with those of the GAT and NCT, and the repeatability of the RT measurements was high and similar to those for normal eyes. The RT can therefore be considered a useful method for measuring the IOP in PKP eyes.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.431-438
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• 2019

The present study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive effects of supercritical heat radish extracts with anti-constipation acitivity in loperamide-treated rats, on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine(DMH)-induced aberrant crypt foci(ACF) in rat colonic mucosa. Supercritical heat radish extracts was administered in the drinking water(3.2 mg/ml) during the initiation (for 12 weeks) or postinitiation phase(for 9 weeks) of DMH-induced carcicogenesis. Supercritical heat radish extracts coupled with DMH for 12 weeks decreased significantly total number of aberrant crypts(pre-neoplastic lesions) and the number of ACF to 35% and 30%, respectively. The number of ACF with more than four aberrant crypts (crypt multiplicity) was significantly reduced in the colon of rats receiving Supercritical heat radish extracts for 12 weeks. In the group receiving Supercritical heat radish extracts after post-initiation for 9 weeks, only the number of ACF with ${\geq}4$ abberant crypts significantly decreased. Supercritical heat radish extracts, given alone for 12 weeks, did not induced the development of ACF. These results indicate that Supercritical heat radish extracts possess chemopreventive effects on chemically induced rat colon carcinogenesis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.569-569
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 소유역 내 오염원 현황에 따른 발생부하와 배출부하를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상유역은 경상북도 영천시 북안천 일대이며, 소유역을 6개의 세유역으로 구분하여 발생부하와 배출부하를 산정하였다. 오염원 현황자료는 2013년 전국오염원 조사자료를 기초로 하였으며, 행정구역 단위의 오염원 조사 및 행정구역과 유역의 경계가 일치 하지 않는 경우의 오염원별 점유율은 토지종합정보망(Land Management Information System, LMIS)의 연속지적도 자료를 이용하여 면적비로 산정하였다. 대상유역의 전체 인구는 총 5,140명이며, 이 중 시가 인구가 2명, 비시가 인구가 5,138명으로 나타났다. 생활계 오염원은 소유역 별 인구를 분석한 결과, FW-'1은 3,113명, FW-'2는 298 명, FW-'3은 604 명, FW-'4는 836 명, FW-'5는 283 명, 그리고 FW-'6은 6 명으로 분석되었다. FW-'1의 인구는 총 3,113명으로 대상유역에서 가장 많은 인구가 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 축산계 오염원은 FW-'1 지점에 총 115 가구의 농가가 위치하여 소유역 중 가장 많은 축산 농가가 위치하고 있으며. 가축 사육 두수는 돼지 8,040두, 젖소 394두, 한우 1,587두, 사슴 10두 그리고 가금(기타) 수가 292,158두로 다른 지점들과 비교하여 사육 두수가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. FW-'2 지점은 돼지 1,350두가 있는 돼지 농가가 1가구 위치하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. FW-'3 지점은 돼지 14,692두, 한우 1,287두, 가금(기타) 100두가 있으며, 축산 농가는 총 42가구가 위치하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다른 지점들과 비교하여 돼지 사육 두수가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. FW-'4 지점의 가축현황은 돼지가 900마리, 한우 1,222 마리이며, 총 57개의 농가가 위치하고 있고, 이 중 돼지 농가는 1가구이며, 그 외 56개의 농가는 모두 한우 농가이다. FW-'5 지점은 한우 407마리 가금(기타) 150마리가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, FW-'6 지점은 축산 농가가 존재하지 않는다. 또한 대상유역 내에는 총 14개의 산업체가 있으며, $800.33m^3/day$만큼의 폐수를 발생시키고 있다. 이중 FW-'1 지점 산업체 개수는 12개이며, 폐수 발생량은 $730.59m^3/day$로 가장 많은 양의 폐수가 발생하고 있다. 대상유역 내에는 산업계, 양식계, 매립계의 오염원은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 오염원 자료를 바탕으로 발생부하량과 배출부하량 산정결과 생활계와 축산계, 토지계 중축산계의 BOD, T-N, T-P 모두 가장 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 배출부하량 비교 결과에서도 BOD, T-N, T-P 모두 축산계 배출부하량의 비율이 높게 나타났으며, 이 중 BOD는 토지계 배출부하량이 차지하는 비율이 축산계 배출부하량보다 약간 높게 나타났다. T-N과 T-P는 축산계 배출부하량 비율이 가장 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 오염원의 정량적인 발생원 규명을 위해서는 오염원 그룹이 포함되어있는 지역에 대하여 장기적인 실측 모니터링을 통해 얻은 오염부하를 산정하여 비교?분석하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.93-116
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• 2009

As the popularity of logistics service outsourcing has been continuously growing, one of the most frequently addressed issues is how to estimate the effect of cost reduction for users and profit gains from outsourcing contract for providers. Many manufacturing companies agree that logistics outsourcing helps to reduce their operating costs, but some other companies still do not achieve the cost saving or do not trust logistics service providers, so they keep up in-house logistics operations. On the other hand, logistics service providers have low profitability from domestic business activities since they should meet the requirements for highly customized and diverse services from customers and unstable market situation. This study provided the status report dealing with logistics service contracts in Korea. From the focused group interview with logistics professionals, we found out that service scope, scale and cost structure are the most influential factors affecting logistics service contracts. Also, logistics service providers are more sensitive than users regarding value-added logistics service, contract duration and process. Moreover, this study also proposed the standard clauses for logistics service contract and types of logistics contract applied in current logistics fields. As a result, it is expected that these achievements from this study can be utilized to improve the satisfaction of logistics outsourcing in upgrading service quality and customer service level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.646-651
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to design a proper evaluation method for analysing the safety management efficiency of coastal ship companies, and to verify these evaluation standards by applying them to a representative company. For this purpose, 5 evaluation items and 14 specific sub-evaluation elements have been determined after collecting practical opinions from a group of expert, which consisted of safety managers in passenger ship companies, public servants as a ship inspector, passenger ship operations managers, etc. Next, the safety management levels of 44 coastal passenger ship companies were evaluated using these standards. Finally, the validity of the proposed evaluation method was verified through comparison analysis between the evaluation results and the ratio of major marine accidents. It was determined that companies with low evaluation levels were saw more major marine accidents than other coastal passenger ship companies, spurring greater interest in safety management. In conclusion, evaluation standards allow coastal passenger ship companies to voluntarily assess their safety management level were established. The result can also be applied to analyse the operation efficiency of coastal passenger ship companies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.243-253
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• 2021

In this study, AHP analysis was conducted on potential residents who are willing or likely to live in a smart city. The purpose is to identify priorities for strategic objectives. In order to establish a hierarchical structure for the vision, core values, and strategic goals of the smart city business, we researched domestic and overseas smart city-related academic papers and research reports, business plans, and institutional websites. After reviewing professors, researchers, experts, and focus groups, 4 2nd tier and 12 3rd tier properties were finally selected and the hierarchical structure was confirmed. As a result of AHP analysis, it was found that residents place the highest importance on quality of life in smart city projects. As a result of the analysis of the lower-level factors, it was found that safety was the most important. The priorities were analyzed in the order of living convenience, eco-friendliness, and social inequality resolution. It is expected that the results of this analysis will be able to suggest strategies to be established when promoting smart city projects in the future.

• Korean Public Health Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.35-49
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of dehydration from the subjects who underwent anthropometric and blood parameters testing during a comprehensive health screening. Methods : For the study analysis, 5,391 samples with valid data of the levels of Sodium($Na^+$), BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) and FBS(Fasting Blood Sugar) were selected to calculate a dehydration indicator of plasma osmolality. The study data was collected from the health screening examinees who visited Sahmyook Medical Center Seoul Adventist Hospital Comprehensive Health Check-up Center from 2014.01.01 to 2015.12.31. The relationship between dehydration and age group, BMI, disease exposures(hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, kidney disorder) were analyzed by gender. Results : The odds ratio of dehydration showed statistical significance from age ${\geq}50$ in both male and female, respectively. The female obese group was vulnerable to dehydration while the male study group showed no statistical significance in the BMI difference. The disease exposed groups(hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, kidney disorder) were vulnerable to dehydration. Also, the more types of disease carried by the exposed patients, the higher odds ratio and susceptibility to dehydration. Conclusions : Aging, increasing BMI, and exposed to diseases were found to be the risk factors for vulnerability to dehydration. To prevent dehydration, special caution to be taken for those in the ${\geq}50s$ group, along with controlling BMI and chronic diseases. Further studies are suggested to investigate the risk factors of dehydration that may affect increasing plasma osmolality as a potential stimulus mechanism in disease outbreaks.