• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.293-298
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• 2011

The most widely used method to form an electrode in industrial solar cells are screen printing. Screen printing is characterized by a relatively simple and well-known production sequence with high throughput rates. However the method is difficult to implement a fine line width of high-efficiency solar cells can not be made. The open circuit voltage(Voc) and the short circuit current density(Jsc) and fill factor(FF) need to be further improved to increase the efficiency of silicon solar cells. In this study, gravure offset printing method using the multicrystalline-silicon solar cells were fabricated. Gravure off-set printing method which can print the fine line width of finger electrode can have the ability reduce the shaded area and increase the Jsc. Moreover it can make a high aspect ratio thereby series resistance is reduced and FF is increased. Approximately $50{\mu}m$ line width with $35{\mu}m$ height was achieved. The efficiency of gravure off set was 0.7% higher compare to that of scree printing method.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2020

This paper presents a method to measure the similarity of assigned jobs in the gravure printing operation based on the chromaticity and color sequence, and order the jobs accordingly. The proposed dispatching rule can be used to fulfill diverse manufacturing site requirements because the parameters can be adjusted to prioritize chromaticity and color sequence. In general, dispatching rules either ignore the job-changing time or require that the time be clearly defined. However, in the gravure printing operation targeted in this study, it is difficult to apply the general dispatching rule because of the difficulties in quantifying the job-changing time. Therefore, we propose a method for generalizing assignment rules of the job planner, allocating relative similarity among assigned jobs, and determining the sequence of jobs accordingly. Chromaticity priority is determined by the arrangement of the color assignments in the printing operation; color sequence priority is determined by the addition, deletion, or change in a specific color sequence. Finally, the job similarity is determined by the dot product of the chromaticity and color sequence priorities. Implementation of the proposed dispatching rule at an actual manufacturing site showed the planner present the same job order as that obtained using the proposed rule. Therefore, this rule is expected to be useful in industrial sites where clear quantification of the job-changing time is not possible.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.228-235
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• 1987

유기용제 사업장의 그라비아 인쇄부에 근무하는 근로자 101명과 유기용제에 노출되지 않은 72명을 선택하여 뇨중 마뇨산량과 사업장의 공기중 톨루엔 농도를 측정하여 상관성을 구하였으며 설문조사를 통한 자각증상 호소율을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 작업부서별 공기중 톨루엔 농도는 유기용제를 혼합하면서 인쇄하는 부서에서 평균 $544.13{\pm}7.75ppm$으로 가장 높았으며 유기용제 혼합부서에서 $463.27{\pm}5.24ppm$ 인쇄 (1)부서 에서 $393.56{\pm}45.69ppm$ 인쇄 (2)부서에서 $248.38{\pm}45.16ppm$ 인쇄(3)부서 $159.38{\pm}18.51ppm$이었다. 2) 작업부서별 뇨중 마뇨산량은 유기용제를 혼합하면서 인쇄하는 부서의 근로자에서 평균 $6034.84{\pm}1298.35mg/l$로 가장 높았으며 유기용제 혼합부서의 근로자에서 $4798.44{\pm}784.53mg/l$ 인쇄(1)부서의 근로자에서 $2883.06{\pm}701.90mg/l$ 인쇄(2)부서 의 근로자에서 $1449.98{\pm}905.19mg/l$ 인쇄(3)부서의 근로자에서 $598.52{\pm}299.43mg/l$였다. 3) 작업 장 공기중 톨루엔 농도와 마뇨산량과의 상관계수는 r=0.868(p<0.01)으로 정상관 관계를 나타냈다 (Y=7,18X+349.57) 4) 실험군이 대조군보다 더 많은 자각증상을 호소하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate concentrations of organic solvent mixtures in air of rotogravure printing workplaces. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic solvents contained in the gravure inks used at rotogravure factories had been done. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The gravure inks mainly consist of toluene, methyl ethyl ketone(MEK), and ethyl acetate(EA), and traces of isopropyl alcohol(IPA), xylene, 2-butanol, cyclohexane, cellosolve etc were also contained in them. 2. Thinner used as a diluent consist of toluene, MEK, and EA. 3. Geometric mean concentration of toluene in ambient air were 23.81 ppm at gravure printing of packing material, 42.10 ppm at gravure printing of wallpaper, 16.95 ppm at gravure printing of plastic bottle for beverage and 4.31 ppm at gravure printing of plywood printing or floor covering. Concentrations of toluene in ambient air showed statistically significant difference between types of printing. 4. Concentrations of MEK in ambient air were 12.43 ppm at gravure printing of packing material, 5.47 ppm at gravure printing of wallpaper, 16.78 ppm at gravure printing of plastic bottle for beverage and 16.44 ppm at gravure printing of plywood printing or floor covering. MEK concentrations in ambient air showed no significant difference. 5. Conentrations of EA were 14.30 ppm at gravure printing of packing material, 1.92 ppm at gravure printing of wallpaper and 21.12 ppm at gravure printing of plywood printing or floor covering. EA concentrations in ambient air shown significant difference. 6. Percentage of the workplaces where the ambient air concentration of organic solvent mixtures exceeded the Korean Permissble Exposure Level(KPEL) amounted to 18.03%. 7. Toluene concentrations in ambient air of rotogravure printing workplaces ranged from 0.69 to 156.02 ppm and urinary hippuric acid excretion ranged from 0.10 to $1.32g/{\ell}$.