• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.248-257
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• 2006

Total naturalized plant species in the streams of Jeonju were listed as 109 taxa; 24 families, 75 genera, 106 species, 3 varieties. Dividing by stream, Jeonju stream has 75 taxa; 20 families, 55 genera, 73 species, 2 varieties. Samcheon stream has 86 taxa; 19 families, 64 genera, 84 species, 2 varieties. Soyang stream has 80 taxa; 21 families, 60 genera, 77 species, 3 varieties. Urbanization Index (UI) of total streams (109 taxa) was 40.2%. UI was 27.7% in Jeonju stream (75 taxa), 31.7% in Samcheon stream (86 taxa), 29.5% in Soyang stream (80 taxa). Dividing by degree of naturalization classification, 25 taxa (9.2%) were found in class 5, 17 taxa (6.2%) in class 4, 32 taxa (11.8%) in class 3, 27 taxa (9.9%) in class 2 and 8 taxa (2.9%) in class 1. Dividing by introduction period, 48 taxa (44%) aye in period I, 19 taxa (17%) in period II, 42 taxa (39%) in period III. Dividing by growth type, 48 taxa (44%) are annuals, 25 taxa (23%) are biennials, 33 taxa (30%) are perennials. Dividing by the place of origin, 39 taxa (35%) are from Euyope, 33 taxa (30%) from North America, 11 taxa (10%) from Tropic America, 9 taxa (8%) from Europe Asia,5 taxa (5%) from South America, 5 taxa (5%) from China.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.247-249
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• 2014

A newly naturalized plant, Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd. var. scoparia, was found in Mt. Hanseok, Injegun, Gangwon-do, Korea. It belongs to sect. Ovales Kunth and had been known from North America, and was introduced into Europe and New Zealand. This species distinguished from related taxa in Asia, Carex maackii Maxim. and Carex leporina L., by pistillate scales lanceolate and having large perigynia. We propose the new Korean name, 'Han-seok-sa-cho', based on its first collecting place. We also provide descriptions for morphological characters, illustrations, photographs and keys to allied taxa.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2005

We reported that an alien species of Plantaginaceae, Plantago aristata Michx. from North America, grows at the Han-River estuary in Go-Yang City, Kyunggi Province. This species is easily distinguished from others in Korea by its linear leaves, cylindrical spikes with long linear bracts at base, and relatively large flowers of ca. 4-6 mm in diameter. We called the species as gin-po-ggot-jil-kyung-i as a local name. Plantago aristata is known to be very invasive and has been already introduced to Japan and China.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2011

Two naturalized plants (Euphorbiaceae) were recorded from Busan Metropolitan City and from the Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Euphorbia heterophylla L. (A-me-ri-ka-dae-geuk) was found in a park near Suyeong-gang, Allak-dong, Dongnae-gu, in Busan Metropolitan City. This species is distinguished from E. dentata by its alternating leaves of main stem and glands of involucres with a circular opening. Euphorbia hirta L. (Teol-ttang-bin-dae) was found in Yerae village, Yerae-dong, Seogwipo-si, in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. It is distinguished from E. hypericifolia as it has capsules with hairs.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.547-555
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• 2008

Two naturalized plants of Lespedeza from Korea are reported. L. lichiyuniae T. Nemoto, H. Ohashi & T. Itoh is similar to L. cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don. and L. juncea (L. .f.) Pers. in morphology, but the species differs from them by pink or purple flowers and the under surface of leaflets and cleistogamous pods with densely hairs. L. davidii Franchet is distinguished by distinctly large leaflets from the other Korean Lespedeza and by plants covered with densely tomentose hairs from the Korean species of subgenus Macrolespedeza. In Korea two plants are found on the parks or roads prepared recently.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.304-308
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• 2009

One new naturalized species was recorded from Jeollanam-do Yeongam-gun, Daegu, and Daejeon in Korea. Hedyotis corymbosa grows well where there is enough sunlight; in moist, sandy soil. Hedyotis corymbosa (Rubiaceae) can be distinguished from other species in the same genus by longer peduncles, and a lot of flowers. We gave it the Korean name 'San-bang-back-un-pul' based on the specific epithet 'corymbosa'.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.120-123
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• 2009

A naturalized species from Korean flora, Cymbalaria muralis P. Gaetrn. (Scrophulariaceae), is firstly recorded from a well-drained bare field at Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyong-gu, Seoul city. The genus Cymbalaria Hill has not recorded in Korea and C. muralis is easily distinguished from the other species of Scrophulariaceae by palmately-lobed leaves, vine-like stems and cylindrical spur at the base in its flower. The new Korean name is 'Deong-gul-he-ran-cho'. Descriptions, illustrations and photographs of this species are given.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2003

The genetic relationships between 4 Korean native Taraxacum and 2 naturalized Taraxacum species were analyzed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Because 141 polymorphic bands were generated from 30 random primers selected through the primer screening, it was possible to analyze the genetic relationship among 6 Taraxacum species. In RAED with the primer OPC12, OPD16, OPK16, OPK17, OPK20, OPS1 or OPS8, many specific polymorphic bands have been appeared in each species. Especially RAPD with the primer OPS8, a specific polymorphic band at 564bp was appeared only in the naturalized Taraxacum officinale. Based on RAPD analysis, Korean native Taraxacum and naturalized Taraxacum species are divided into two groups. T. officinale and T. laevigatum are classified into group I which is a naturalized Taraxacum species group, and T. mongolicum, T. hallasanensis, T. ohwianum and T. coreanum are classified into group II which is a Korean native Taraxacum species group. The result from the RAPD method was very similar to the result from the Bootstrap method. From the examination of the physical characteristics of 6 Taraxacum species populated in Korea, flowering period of Taraxacum species in group I are longer than Taraxacum species in group ll, and the direction of involucral bract of Taruxacum species in the group I was also different comparing to the group ll. Because the flowering color, leaf direction, and the specificity of seed germination of T. coreanum were different compared to the other species in the group II, T. coreanum would be genetically divergent and showed the highest dissimilarity index score.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.489-498
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution status and urbanization index of the naturalized plants. For this purpose, 7 cities and counties in the eastern area of Jeollanamdo were selected and investigations were conducted on a total of 14 sites, during the period of March 2006 to November 2008. The naturalized plants were identified as 123; 22 families, 75 genera, 118 species, and 5 varieties. As for the urbanization index, Suncheon city had the highest level of urbanization (33.45%) and Gurye county the lowest level of urbanization (20.21%). Classification families were as follows: Compositae 40 kinds (30.1%) Gramineae 17 kinds (12.8%) and Leguminosae 14 kinds (10.5%). Major communities of naturalized plants consisted of 20 communities including Erigeron annuus community, Erigeron canadensis community, Alnus firma community, Amorpha fruticosa community, Oenothera odorata community, Bidens frondosa community, Coreopsis tinctoria community, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior community etc. Invasive naturalized plants consisted of 5 taxa: Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, Ambrosia trifida, Eupatorium rugosum, Paspalum distichum var. indutum and Paspalum distichum. The distributional characteristics of naturalized plants were divided on the basis of six areas associated with ecological characteristics of a habitat.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.80-92
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• 2015

Some of alien plants, which were introduced from foreign countries, have caused problems in Korea. Invasion of these alien plants in the ecosystem threatens the habitat of endemic species, reducing biodiversity, and causing a disturbance in the ecological system. In urbanized areas of campus universities, a diverse range of organisms were found and a comparison between the sites, near roads or housing sites were made because the campuses provided a large biotope. Although the campus had been exposed to interferences like gardening, it was also a place for most organisms to live in an active floating population due to free access. This research investigated the flora of alien plants that appeared in Beakseok University, Sangmyung University, Hoseo University and Dankook University, and relationship between the distribution of alien plants and the campus and green areas and distance from the highway. The total number of plant species and naturalized species found in the four universities was 189 and 43 species. Those of Dankook University were 136 and 35 species, Hoseo 108 and 25 species, Sangmyung 103 and 31 species, and Baekseok 97 and 26 species, respectively. The abundance of natural plants for each respective university tended to be higher as it became closer to the highway. Also, the closer the walking distance to the university, the greater the tendency for the degree of similarity to be higher. As a result, we may conclude that the distribution of alien plants and anthropogenic activities may be closely related.