• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.147
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• pp.1-28
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• 2018

In order to reveal the differentiation of Nietzsche's justice theory, this paper attempted an intrinsic analysis of the political act of establishing a social contract with others through the fundamental concept of "will to the power", and the politics of modern nation including utilitarianism, liberalism and democracy. I will deal with criticism of ideology. In other words, it will be a work to clarify the fictitiousness and errors by digging out the ground of the value of justice as 'genealogical psychology' which strips off the psychological layers hidden behind the name of universal truth called 'virtue'. By dismantling the notion of self-righteous justice based on 'virtue' from 'immorality' as well as 'out of morality', it aims to reveal a new emotional dimension based on love, not retaliation. When Nietzsche emphasizes the role of positive emotions such as 'mercy' and 'forgiveness' rather than negative emotions such as revenge, retaliation, and grudge, while analyzing justice in the dynamics of power relations, By allowing exception rule, we will critically analyze whether universality and consistency are lost.

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.235
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• pp.22-23
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• 1998

때는 1912년 5월의 어느날. 소쉬르가 저 불후의 기념비적 작품 '일반언어학'을 강의했던 스위스 즈네브 대학의 강의실. 한국의 소장 기호학자 김성도는 15년 전부터 연구해온 소쉬르 선생과 가상 대화를 각기 전에 시간여행을 하여 그의 강의를 경청하기 위해 이곳에 왔다. 맑고 투명한 어조, 전치사 하나까지 배려하는 정치한 언어 구사, 눈이 부실 정도의 푸른 눈빛, 사물을 투시하는 눈매, 짙은 눈썹과 근엄한 구렛나루, 귀족적 이미지의 뛰어난 외모는 학생들의 혼을 사로잡고 있었다. 수강생은 고작 열명 안팍이었지만, 20세기 인문학의 새로운 '퍼스펙티브'를 열어줄 언어사상의 잉태가 이루어지고 있었다. 강의가 끝나자, 소쉬르 선생은 반갑게 한국에서 온 젊은 학인을 맞이하였고, 장소를 옮겨 즈네브로부터 약 20km 떨어진 아름다운 고성이자 소쉬르 가문의 유산인 뷰풀랑 성으로 안내하였다. 소쉬르 선생은 바로 이곳에서 언어의 본질에 대한 심오한 성찰과 침잠에 빠지곤 했으며, 1913년 2월 22일 55년간의 생애를 마감한 곳도 바로 이곳이다.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.67
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• pp.152-176
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• 2014

Public opinion has dramatically shifted from positive to negative in Korea society especially since the IMF crisis. Such terms as 'aristocratic union', 'collectivism', 'damages on public interest' became a kind of conventional wisdom. Undoubtedly, media's representation has much to do with such a tantamount difference. This study thus attempts to understand the mechanism by analyzing media discourse related to labor strikes. For this purpose, this paper made a choice three cases including doctor-pharmacist dispute, general strike by truckers' solidarity, and Ssangyong Motor's strike. Total 217 editorial pieces of , and conceived to be a representative newspaper of ideological stance were analyzed. Research showed that while paying particular attention to demoralizing labor strikes, shed positive light on such disputes by articulating fundamental causes hampered by pro-capital policies along with anti-labor law enforcement. The believed to be relatively a neutral one showed ambivalent attitudes toward those cases. More favorable and inclusive reporting were found in accordance with policy shifts as well. Media's selective partisanship for the sake of private interests is firmly believed to downgrading credibility on Korean journalism. Also is fair, balanced and less biased reporting over socal disputes a vital part in crystallizing social consensus. In this consideration, the authors hoped this study to provide an opportunity to contemplate on what would be desirable journalistic values in modern democracy.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.33
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• pp.231-252
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• 2008

This study is to investigate on focus of his political position change to build up his the real form about Park je sang(朴堤上) who had taken an active part within Shila nulgi king(訥祗王) period on base of previous park je sang' study results. that is, this study took attention about excellent capability by diplomat who had shown his diplomatic ability in complicated and international fields of three countries, and about process of entrance on central political fields by private capability in sap lang(?良) district in relation with building up the real form of park je sang. As result, by means of few investigations about park je sang who had taken an active part, we looked into process how local power man in sap lang(?良) district had built up his position to jin-gol(眞骨) status with strategic location of sap lang(?良) district on shila history within Shila nulgi king period. I think that we found valuable means from figures of a district society in process how Shila had grown with a country of centralizing power.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.413-429
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• 2007

The Guard over the royal household in the "Goryeo" era was the same as if was over the President or Ruler of a nation today. In those days, a king represented a nation and any threat to the safety of a king could bring the destruction of a nation and the dispersion of the people. by reviewing the change of the 2-Gun 6-Wi system of the era, it can be, summed up as follow, Ther will be suggestions. The Guard might focus on a king's personal safety in the wake of the system of the Silla and Taebong dynasties until the establishment of the Goryeo Dynasty's unique political system. "Goryeo" rebuilt the royal palace in Gyeonyeong-gun to take the shape of unified country after its accomplishment of unification of the late three countries, Then it was afraid of the rebellion and uprising of local powerful clans, The country put them under control and organized the local army with them in the era of Kings, Seongjong, through the kings, Seongjong and Gwangjong. The army system of "Goryeo" consisted of 2-Gun and 6-Wi, and 2-Gun placed above the 6-Wi played the role of the Royal guards, and among the organizations a certain army under the specific name of "Gyeonyong-gun" guarded the kings in the nearest position. An aristocratic culture enjoyed its golden age in the period of stability of the aristocracy of "Goryeo", but afterward in the confusion of the aristocratic disruption and incompatible confrontation the country lost its control, and faced military rebellions by treating civil officials well and ill-treating military officials The safety of kings become unstable with the grasping political power by the military officials, and "Dobang" was established in the era of Choi's family to grasp political power. In the era of Choi Woo, he gathered his men and organized his familys army with them and managed the personnel administration with the civil officials of "Jeongbang and Seobang under his command. Such a fact shows the similarity to today's task of guarding. Considering the facts that "Sambyeolcho, the military ground of the military-men-rule, was at the center of the struggling against Mongolia and that even after the fall of the military regime, they rebelled and fought against Mongolia to the end, we came to know that the nationalism in the era of the military era was great. In the transition of external situations from "Myeong" to "Won"(Chinese dynasties), the conflict between the old "Won"-friendly power and the new "Myeong"-friendly power caused the weakness of the power to guard the royal household, and "Goryeo" at last gave way to the newly rising "Joseon" led by Lee, Seong Gye who won the people's confidence.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.32-75
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• 2013

도성은 왕권이 존재하는 것뿐만 아니라 왕권을 지지하는 지배계층이 모여 거주하는 곳이다. 그리고 중앙집권적 통일지배를 실현하기 위한 정치 의례의 장으로서 전근대 동아시아 세계에 공통적으로 건설되었다. 그 기원은 중국에서 유래하며, 일본은 율령제(律令制)를 바탕으로 하는 천황제 고대국가가 실현되는 7세기 말 '藤原京(후지와라쿄)'에서 처음으로 지상에 출현한다. 7세기 말부터 거의 1세기 간 복도제(複都制)가 채택되었기에 '등원경(藤原京)' 이후 도성은 여러 곳에 건설되었고, 때로는 천도되었다. 그러나 8세기 말 '長岡京(나가오카쿄)'에서는 복도제(複都制)를 지양했고, '平安京(헤이안쿄)'에 도읍을 정한 이후, 중세 근세를 거쳐 근대에 이르기까지 헤이안쿄-교토에는 1100년에 걸쳐 왕권이 지속적으로 존재하여 지금의 '京都市'(교토시)에 이르게 된다. '등원경(藤原京)'가 고대 일본 최초의 도성이었다면, '평안경(平安京)'는 마지막 도성임과 동시에 중세 도시로 변모해 가는 전환점에 위치하고 있다. '등원경(藤原京)'이래 남북축선에 대한 선대칭 구조를 의식해 도성이 축조 되었고, '평안경(平安京)'에서는 이러한 구조가 가장 강하게 표현되었지만, 9세기 초 천황과 관인들의 의식 정무의 동선이나 좌석 배치에 있어서 동서방향이 채용되게 되었고, 이에 더해 9세기 말에는 천황의 거소가 도성의 축선에서 벗어나게 된다. 또한 10세기 중반 경 '平安宮(헤이안큐)'에서는 '內裏(다이리)'를 중심으로 한 잦은 화재가 발생해 천황은 궁외로 거소를 옮기게 되었다. 이후 천황이 궁 바깥에 거주하는 것이 일반화 되었고, '평안궁(平安宮)'는 의식을 행하는 장소로서 한정적으로 유지 수리가 될 뿐이었으나 결국에는 그것마저 어려워져 폐쇄에 이르게 된다. 한편 귀족의 저택도 7세기 이래의 남북축선에 대해서 동서의 선대칭 구조로 부터, '寢殿造(신덴즈쿠리)'라고 불리는 건물배치도 공간구성도 비대칭인 건물양식이 주류를 이루어 갔다. 이상과 같이 일본의 고대 도성의 특징을 잘 가지고 있었던 최후의 도성 '평안경(平安京)'는 남북을 축선으로 하는 선대칭 구조가 가장 뚜렷하게 나타났으나, 9세기 '평안궁(平安宮)'의 변화를 시작으로 11~12세기에 크게 변모해갔다. 이처럼 고대국가의 도성이 가지고 있었던 남북을 축으로 하는 구조를 버리고 동서방향으로 동선을 취한 움직임은 고대국가의 이념을 탈피하여 다음 시대로 전환하는 중요한 한 걸음이었다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.69-79
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• 2011

This study is the text discourse of agenda setting through media policy on the three communities. The materials of subjects are the 71 text discourses that appeared in the columns, the special manuscripts, and the comments on the contemporary topics in 33 media. The subjects focuses on the metaphor, metonymy, and binary transposition. This kind of connotation tends to be imploded into people through media, so that it produces hyperreality. This process produces the regulation and strengthens the reality through the circuit of culture. Thus this research tries to develop the theoretical foundation for analysing the text discourse produced by the media. Also it focuses on widening the research scope to study the effects that the circuit of culture provides on the politics, society, and economics. Therefore The first, the objective meanings(denotation)which the referents of the community as T'PALACE, I'PARK, and STARCITY are 'larger scale', 'high and skyscraper', 'the rich people and the plutocrats who have very high academic career' and ' the residence place for the famous stars and successful CEOs', etc. and the subjective meanings, connotations which the referents of the community are 'The first street' transposes '1%' 'their own space' into the characteristics of the wealth of Gangnam district or Korean wealth', the additional significations which the metaphors such as 'the noble community', 'the sample for the high -level residential space', and 'the greed of 1%'. Conclusion, The significations of the symbols became imploded into the population and circulated along with the cultural streams through the media. The referents are recreated and consumed among the other communities such as the named 'PALACE', 'I'PARK', 'STARCITY' in the other areas. This kind of ideology tends to create the myths such as 'the 1% rich people of Gangnam', 'the first street of Korean wealth', and create the regulation such as 'the compound taxes for the real-estates', 'the policy of reducing the taxes for the rich', 'the policy of reducing the taxes for the 1% of the rich'. Also these regulations make the politicians operate new policies and are being utilized as 'slogan' for the politicians.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11
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• pp.130-139
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• 1995

The dictionary defines the word 'Design' as planning and designing. Though this is a meaning confined to decorative function, the conception of modern design in this capitalist society of mass production and mass consumption can be said to have reached a new stage of the meeting of industry and the arts. This means the two sides of design' the side of beauty and usefulness The side of beauty should be understood in view of the sense of beauty, and usefulness should also be considered from the viewpoint of consumer's taste and preference This is thought to be the natural problems of design The origin of design can be understood from the background of capitalism. But the capitalism can be said to be the mode of Western thought and action developed based on Western thinking. The capitalism is an economic system derived from the society of industrial capitalism through commercial capitalism. but this economic thinking has been resulted from a mature social system of democracy and civic society. The civic society and democracy are derived from polis of ancient Greece and Rome. and the ancient Greek and Roman society was a society developed from the social system of the nobility and slaves. Polis continued to develop based on the positive territorial expansionism centering around the Mediterranean on the basis of Hellenism. and European countries achieved the intergration of religion. society and politics based on this. thus accomplishing the spirit of capitalism Our design is believed to have been derived from the direct import of Western capitalism. Accordingly. as the original form of Western capitalism has become our economic system. so our design copied that of th West. And our traditional culture and sensitivity which are different in the original form and root of racial disposition seem to breed discord between them. It is. therefore. very important and meaningful for us to exert all possible efforts to seek the root of our disposition and tradition and grope for the appropriate thought and style of design.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.4-23
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to classify the types of tweezers used across time and to examine the social culture of periods through the use of tweezers. Chapter II summarized the terms for tweezers and looked at the use of tweezers in two cases related to the social culture and politics of a period. The first is the use of tweezers for beauty purposes. Men used tweezers as a kind of self-management to maintain their social status and power, and thus they helped develop a wide range of tweezers cultures. People with gray hair are usually old. The perception that we should step down from politics when we are aged has become strong. Therefore, politicians pulled out gray hairs with tweezers to maintain only black hair and show youth, which indicates that their social influence is still strong. The second is the use of tweezers for first aid. Chapter III classified tweezers by type during the Goryeo and Joseon periods. The tweezers are largely divided into basic and composite types. The basic type of tweezers is a form that has been continued since the Three Kingdoms Period and consists of tongs and handles, and a fixed type of tweezers with a fixed ring appeared. Composite tweezers are made by grafting earpick or multipurpose knives. Composite tweezers are all-in-one tweezers with an earpick and an all-in-one knife. Tweezers are usually all-in-one. Among the composite tweezers, rivet separation and ring separation are characterized by separation, unlike the all-in-one tweezers. The method of connecting is divided into rivets and connection rings. The all-in-one tweezers appear only during the Goryeo Dynasty and are characterized by the lifestyle that provides a glimpse of the tastes of contemporary users. The manufacturing takes shape after making a thin metal plate. Decorative techniques are carved on soft metal tweezers, such as silver and bronze with a line, point, and a pressed angle. These tweezers are presumed to have been used by the royal family or aristocrats. However, most tweezers are made of strong bronze or iron. Therefore, the majority of simple X-shaped patterns are sampled or without patterns. The biggest reason why there are such diverse types of tweezers is that the culture of tweezers was widespread regardless of the times. In addition, the basic type of tweezers has been used since the Three Kingdoms Period and has been modified and used together as necessary because the shape of tweezers is a practical daily tool. Study of metal crafts have been limited to royal objects and Buddhist crafts. We hope that research on everyday tools such as tweezers will continue to serve as an opportunity to examine the social and cultural aspects of the times in various ways.